Mmetụta uche
Àtụ:Infobox medical condition (new)Ahụhụ mmụọ (nke a makwaara dị ka trauma nke uche, ọrịa uche, mmebi mmetụta uche, ma ọ bụ psychotrauma) bụ nzaghachi mmetụta uche nke ihe omume dị oke egwu kpatara bụ nke na-abụghị ụdị ahụmahụ mmadụ. Onye o metụtara ga-aghọtarịrị ka ọ na-eyi onye ahụ metụtara ma ọ bụ ndị ha hụrụ n'anya egwu ọnwụ, mmerụ ahụ siri ike, ma ọ bụ ime ihe ike mmekọahụ; mkpughe na-apụtachaghị ìhè, dị ka site na ikiri akụkọ telivishọn, nwere ike bụrụ ihe na-ewute nke ukwuu ma nwee ike iwepụta nzaghachi nrụgide physiological siri ike, mana ọ naghị emepụta trauma kwa otu. Ihe atụ gụnyere ime ihe ike, idina mmadụ n'ike, ma ọ bụ mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu.[1][1]
A na-agbaso mmeghachi omume dị mkpirikpi dị ka ihe ịma jijiji nke uche na ọjụjụ nke mmụọ. Mmeghachi omume ogologo oge na mmetụta gụnyere ọrịa bipolar, mgbagha na-enweghị nchịkwa, ọgụ ụjọ, ehighi ura, nsogbu nro, ihe isi ike na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na nsogbu nrụgide post-traumatic (PTSD). A na-etolitekarị ihe mgbaàmà anụ ahụ gụnyere isi owuwa, hyperventilation, hyperhidrois, na ọgbụgbọ na amalita
Dị ka ahụmịhe dị iche iche dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ, ndị mmadụ na-emeghachi omume na ihe omume ndị yiri ya n'ụzọ dị iche. Ọtụtụ ndị na-enwe ihe nwere ike imebi ihe anaghị enwe nchegbu n'uche, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ike inwe nchegbu ma nwee ahụhụ.[2] Ụfọdụ ga-enwe PTSD mgbe ha zutere ihe mberede, ma ọ bụ usoro ihe omume.[3][4] Enwere ike ịkọwa ọdịiche a na ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ize ndụ n'ihi ihe nchebe ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere, nke na-enyere ha aka ịnagide ihe siri ike, gụnyere ihe ndị metụtara iwe na gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka ntachi obi na njikere ịchọ enyemaka.[5]
Ndị na-enwe mmerụ ahụ na-enwekarị nsogbu na ihe isi ike mgbe nkè ahụ gasịrị. Ike nke mgbaàmà ndị a na-adabere na onye ahụ, ụdị mmerụ ahụ metụtara, na nkwado na ọgwụgwọ ha na-enweta n'aka ndị ọzọ. Mmetụta dịgasị iche iche na mmerụ ahụ nwere ike ịdị ukwuu ma dịgasịgasị iche, ma dị iche iche n'otú onye ọ bụla si sie ike.[6]
Mgbe ahụmahụ na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ gasịrị, mmadụ nwere ike ịnwale mmerụ ahụ n'uche na n'ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụda nke injin ọgba tum tum nwere ike ịkpata echiche intrusive ma ọ bụ mmetụta nke ịlaghachi na ahụmịhe na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ nke gụnyere ụda yiri nke ahụ dịka ịgba égbè. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe na-adịghị njọ (dịka mkpọtụ sitere na ọgba tum tum) nwere ike ijikọta n'uche na ahụmịhe ọdachi. A na-akpọ usoro a traumatic coupling.[7] N'ime usoro a, ihe na-adịghị njọ na-aghọ ihe ncheta trauma, nke a na-akpọkwa ihe na-akpata trauma. Ihe ndị a nwere ike ịkpata obi erughị ala na ọbụna ihe mgbu. Ịnọghachi na ahụmịhe nwere ike imebi mmetụta ndị mmadụ banyere nchekwa, onwe ha, Ịdị irè n'onwe ya, yana ikike ha nwere ịchịkwa mmetụta uche na ịhazi mmekọrịta. Ha nwere ike ịlaghachi na ọgwụ na-emetụta uche, gụnyere Mmanya na-aba n'anya, iji gbalịa ịgbapụ ma ọ bụ belata mmetụta. Ihe ndị a na-akpata flashbacks, nke bụ ahụmahụ dissociative ebe onye ahụ na-eche dị ka a ga-asị na ihe omume ahụ na-eme ugboro ugboro. Flashbacks nwere ike ịdị site na ndọpụ uche ruo na nkwụsị zuru oke ma ọ bụ enweghị mmata banyere ihe dị ugbu a. Ịnọghachi na mgbaàmà bụ ihe ịrịba ama na ahụ na uche na-agbasi mbọ ike ịnagide ahụmịhe ahụ.
Ihe na-akpata na ihe na-egosi na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ncheta nke mmerụ ahụ ma nwee ike ịkpata nchegbu na mmetụta ndị ọzọ metụtara ya. [8] Ọtụtụ mgbe onye ahụ nwere ike amaghị ihe ihe ndị a na-akpata. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, nke a nwere ike iduga onye nwere nsogbu na-akpata nchekasị itinye aka n'omume na-akpaghasị ma ọ bụ usoro na-ebibi onwe ya, mgbe mgbe n'amaghị nke ọma ọdịdị ma ọ bụ ihe kpatara omume ha. Nkụda mmụọ bụ ihe atụ nke mmeghachi omume uche na ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na-akpata mmetụta uche.[9]
- ↑ DSM-5, Diagnostic Critera for "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder" (309.81), criterion A: "Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others...does not apply to exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures, unless this exposure is work related."
- ↑ (2007) "Childhood antecedents of exposure to traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder". American Journal of Psychiatry 164 (1): 119–25. DOI:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.1.119. PMID 17202553.
- ↑ (October 2014) "Past year mental disorders among adults in the United States: results from the 2008–2012 Mental Health Surveillance Study", CBHSQ Data Review. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). “Among individuals who do develop post-traumatic stress after exposure to a traumatic event, some develop symptoms sufficient to meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD”
- ↑ (April 2016) "Correlates of lifetime exposure to one or more potentially traumatic events and subsequent posttraumatic stress among adults in the United States: results from the mental health surveillance study, 2008–2012.", CBHSQ data review. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US).
- ↑ (2014) "Resilience characteristics mitigate tendency for harmful alcohol and illicit drug use in adults with a history of childhood abuse: A cross-sectional study of 2024 inner-city men and women". Journal of Psychiatric Research 51: 93–99. DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.01.007. PMID 24485848.
- ↑ Effects of Traumatic Experiences: A National Center for PTSD Fact Sheet. National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Archived from the original on 2005-12-10. Retrieved on 2005-12-09.
- ↑ (2011-02-09) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder For Dummies (in en). John Wiley & Sons, 39. ISBN 978-1-118-05090-3.
- ↑ Treatment (US) (2014). Understanding the Impact of Trauma (in en). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). Retrieved on 5 December 2022.
- ↑ Joscelyne (December 2012). "Fear of memories: the nature of panic in posttraumatic stress disorder" (in en). European Journal of Psychotraumatology 3 (1): 19084. DOI:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.19084. ISSN 2000-8198. PMID 23130094.