Mmiri na-abanye n'ime mmiri
Mmiri ikuku (VI) bụ usoro nke kemịkal dị n'ala ma ọ bụ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala - ọkachasị Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) - na-akwaga na ikuku dị n'ime ụlọ n'elu ebe emetọ.
Nkọwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke United States na-akọwa intrusion nke ikuku dị ka "ịkwaga nke kemịkal na-agbaze agbaze site na mmetọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ala emetọ n'ime ụlọ dị n'elu". Chemicals nwere ike ịbụ nke dị iche iche gụnyere volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ụfọdụ semi-volatile organic compound (SVOCs) na inorganic chemicals, dị ka elemental mercury, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), na-apụta na radon, na hydrogen sulfide.[1]
Nchegbu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ụzọ kachasị njọ, ikuku ikuku nwere ike ịbụ ihe ize ndụ nchekwa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ihe na-ere ọkụ na-etinye aka n'ụdị mgbawa. Mmiri na-egbu egbu nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ahụike, ma ọ bụ nke siri ike dị ka nsogbu CNS dị ka isi ọwụwa ma ọ bụ mgbanwe ọnọdụ uche, ha nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta ahụike na-adịghị ala ala, dịka radon, nke nwere ike ịkpalite ọrịa kansa akpa ume. N'ikpeazụ, anwụrụ ọkụ nwere ike ịbụ "nsogbu mara mma" siri ike, dịka, ísì sitere na hydrogen sulfide.[1]
Na United States, a na-edozi ntinye nke uzuoku na steeti ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu n'ụzọ dị iche iche..
Ngalaba Ahụike nke New York wepụtara ntụziaka na-emeghe ụzọ na intrusion nke ikuku n'afọ 2006.[2]
Na June 2010, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) wepụtara azụmahịa "Standard Guide for Vapor Encroachment Screening on Property Involved in Real Estate Transactions" (ASTM E 260010).[3]
N'afọ 2002, US EPA nyere ntuziaka mbụ ya na isiokwu ahụ.[4] Nchịkwa George W. Bush kwụsịrị ọrụ ahụ n'afọ 2003, ọ bụkwa naanị n'afọ 2013 ka onye Obama họpụtara dị ka onye enyemaka nchịkwa EPA na Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe kachasị mkpa iji mezue akwụkwọ ahụ. Na June 11, 2015, EPA wepụtara ntụzịaka nka nka na vapor intrusion ikpeazụ ya, yana ntuziaka nka maka ị na-agwa okwu ntinye vapor Petroleum na saịtị ebe nchekwa nchekwa dị n'okpuru ala. Ntuziaka abụghị ụkpụrụ ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ, kama ọ bụ nduzi.[5]
Hụkwa Ihe Ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Superfund maka ndepụta nke Ebe Ọrụ Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Superfund
- Trichloroethylene (TCE) maka mkparịta ụka banyere kemịkalụ ahụ
- Steam Intrusion (DTSC)
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 What is Vapor Intrusion?. US EPA (30 September 2015). Retrieved on 9 May 2016.
- ↑ Guidance for Evaluating Soil Vapor Intrusion in the State of New York Final Soil Vapor Intrusion Guidance, 92pp, October 2006.
- ↑ ASTM E2600-10 Standard Guide for Vapor Encroachment Screening on Property Involved in Real Estate Transactions. ASTM International (1 June 2010).
- ↑ OSWER Draft Guidance for Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air Pathway from Groundwater and Soils (Subsurface Vapor Intrusion Guidance). Environmental Protection Agency (2002-11-29).
- ↑ OSWER Technical Guide for Assessing and Mitigating the Vapor Intrusion Pathway from Subsurface Vapor Sources to Indoor Air.. US EPA (11 June 2015). Retrieved on 29 August 2015.