Mugo Gatheru
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| aha enyere | Mugo |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 21 Ọgọọst 1925 |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 27 Novemba 2011 |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | Onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ onwe ya |
Reuel John Mugo Gatheru (21 Ọgọst 1925 - 27 Nọvemba 2011) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ Kenya mara maka ncheta 1964 ya, Nwa nke Ụwa Abụọ, nke na-akọwa ndụ nwata ya na Kenya na agụmakwụkwọ ya na mba ofesi.
Mugo mechara bụrụ prọfesọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum California State, Sacramento, ebe ọ kuziri site na 1968 ruo 2002. O mechara dee akwụkwọ gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme Kenya na nke ọzọ na akụkọ ifo Kikuyu .
Ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]RJ Mugo Gatheru, onye otu Ethaga nke mba Agĩkũyũ, amuru na 21 August 1925 na Lumbwa, nke di na Rift Valley Province nke Kenya Colony . Ọ bụ ọkpara Gatheru-wa-Mugo na Wambui-wa-Kuria. Dịka ọdịnala Kikuyu siri dị, a kpọrọ ya aha nna nna ya wee kpọọ ya Mugo-wa-Gatheru, nke pụtara 'Mugo, nwa Gatheru'. [1]
Ezinụlọ Mugo biri dị ka ndị squatters n'ugbo ndị Europe na ala ngalaba ọhịa. Na 1936, mgbe ọ dị afọ 11, ọ malitere ịgụ akwụkwọ ozi ala ọzọ na Kahuti Elementary School, sochiri ya Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Weithaga nke dịdebere Fort Hall (nke a na-akpọ Murang'a ugbu a). Ụlọ akwụkwọ abụọ ahụ bụ ndị Chọọchị ozi ala ọzọ na-elekọta, ma Mugo nọgidere n’ebe ahụ ruo 1940. Ka ha na-amụ ihe n’ebe ahụ, ndị ozi ala ọzọ ahụ gụrụ ya ‘ Reuel John’. [2]
N'afọ 1940, Mugo laghachiri n'ụlọ nne na nna ya iji sonye na emume ibi úgwù irua . [3] N'afọ sochirinụ, o debanyere aha na Kambui Primary School, nke dị nso na Nairobi . [4] Kambui bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ozi ala ọzọ ọzọ, ma eleghị anya ọ bụ òtù Gospel Missionary Society na-elekọta. Mugo nọ ọdụ maka ule izizi Kenya na 1944 na Kambui wee gafee nke ọma. [5]
N'afọ sochirinụ, Mugo sonyeere Laboratory Research Laboratory na Nairobi. Ọ bụ n'oge ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ ka ọ malitere inwe mmasị dị ukwuu na amụma colonial. [6] O kwuputara echiche ya n'akwụkwọ ozi na Kenya Weekly News, na-akatọ ọnọdụ ha na-akwado ndị ọbịa. Otú ọ dị, nke a zụtara ya n'aka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-enyocha Mpụ, nke mere ka Mugo hapụ ọrụ ya na Laboratory. [7] N'oge a, ọ malitekwara iziga akụkọ na Associated Negro Press, n'agbanyeghị na ha ebipụtaghị ya. [8]
Na 1947, na site n'enyemaka nke Eliud Mathu, Mugo nwetara ọrụ na Kenya African Union . Nke a sochiri nzukọ mbụ ya na Jomo Kenyatta . O weghaara ọrụ nke onye nnyemaaka nchịkọta akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ha Mwafrika ma ọ bụ The African Voice . Onyinye ya gụnyere akụkọ gbasara iwu ngafe, mmanya agba, ụgwọ ọnwa dị ala, na ọnọdụ ụlọ dara ogbenye. [9]
Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na The African Voice, Mugo na-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi na ndị dị iche iche na United States na ebumnuche nke ịgbalị ịchụso agụmakwụkwọ ka elu, na-agbaso ihe atụ nke Peter Mbiyu Koinange na ndị ọzọ. Otu n'ime akwụkwọ ozi ya dọtara uche nke St. Clair Drake, prọfesọ na Mahadum Roosevelt, bụ onye nwere ike ị nweta akwụkwọ mmụta maka ya. Otú ọ dị, dị ka ndị ọchịchị colonial maara echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya, Mugo enweghị ike ịnweta visa iji gaa United States. [10] [11]
Mugo choro uzo ozo, debanye aha na St Joseph's School, Allahabad, na 1949. [12] O nwetara nkwado site n'aka ndị enyi na ezinụlọ iji kwụọ ụgwọ ya. Nna ya rere ala, otu onye Arab bara ọgaranya na-azụ ahịa na Nairobi nyekwara aka ọzọ. Ọ nọrọ n’India ruo n’afọ 1950, bụ́ mgbe ọ gawara England ma gawazie United States, na nke ugbu a site n’enyemaka ego sitere n’aka nwanne nna ya na ndị òtù chọọchị dị n’America. [13] [14] Mana ka ọ na-erule oge Mugo ruru Roosevelt ọ chọpụtara na mahadum akagbuola akwụkwọ mmụta ya. Drake batara ọzọ, na-enweta ohere agụmakwụkwọ maka oge ọkọchị nke 1950 naanị. [15] Ọ chọtara Mugo ka ọ nweta ohere agụmakwụkwọ iji gaa kọleji Bethune-Cookman . N'ebe ahụ, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na sociology na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ndị ọzọ. [16]
N'otu oge ahụ ka e wepụtara Child of Worlds Two na African Writers Series, Gatheru nyefere Heinemann ihe odide ọzọ, nke Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o tụlere ya. Nke a ka akpọrọ The Molding of the New Kenya . Ebipụtaghị ihe odide ahụ na 1975, mana o yikarịrị ka ọ bụ ntọala maka akwụkwọ ya, Kenya: site na colonization ruo nnwere onwe, 1888-1970, bụ nke e mesịrị bipụta na 2005. [44] [45]
Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na ọnwụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ka ọ na-erule 1968, Gatheru laghachiri na United States, na-arụ ọrụ nkuzi na Mahadum California State University, Sacramento. Ọ nọgidere na mahadum ihe karịrị afọ 30, na-akụzi klas na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Africa na Middle Eastern. [26] [46]
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Gatheru (1964). Child of Two Worlds: A Kikuyu's Story. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. .
- Gatheru (1973). "Harry Thuku. An Autobiography". The International Journal of African Historical Studies 6 (1): 175–176. DOI:10.2307/217005.
- Gatheru (1975). "The Day the Knife Bit Me", in Dubaghian: Mirror of Man: Readings in Sociology and Literature. Little, Brown & Co, 110–113.
- Gatheru (2005). Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888-1970. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 9780786421992.
- Gatheru (2005). From Beneath the Tree of Life: A Story of the Kenyan People of Ngai. London: Athena.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Isi mmalite
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]13] [14] Mana ka ọ na-erule oge Mugo ruru Roosevelt ọ chọpụtara na mahadum akagbuola akwụkwọ mmụta ya. Drake batara ọzọ, na-enweta ohere agụmakwụkwọ maka oge ọkọchị nke 1950 naanị. [15] Ọ chọtaranya na-azụ ahịa na Nairobi nyekwara aka ọzọ. Ọ nọrọ n’India ruo n’afọ 1950, bụ́ mgbe ọ gawara England ma