National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa)

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otu mba nke ndị ọrụ na-egwuputa ihe (NUM) bụ otu ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-egwupụta akụ na-egwupụta aku, na South Africa. N'inwe ndị otu 300,000 as of 2014 na-erule afọ 2014, ọ bụ onye mmekọ kachasị ukwuu nke Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU).

Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

E guzobere otu ahụ na 1982 dị ka otu ndị ọrụ ojii na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe a na'ala, na mbido nke Council of Unions of South Africa. Onye ndú mbụ ya bụ Cyril Ramaphosa, onye ọ toro ngwa ngwa n'okpuru ya, na-enweta nkwenye nkwekọrịta site na Chamber of Mines na 1983.:[1] 51

NUM mere mkpọsa nke ọma na 1980s maka njedebe nke usoro ndoputa ọrụ, usoro nke mere ka a mata na ọrụ kacha akwụ ụgwọ bụ nke ekenyela ndị ọcha bụ otu n'ime ntọala ntọala Congress nke ndị otu azụmahịa South Africa na 1985.[2] N'afọ 2001, ọ nabatara ndị Construction and Allied Workers' Union, ebe n'ọnwa 2019 a mara ọkwa na ọ ga-amịkọrọ ndị Liberated Metalworkers 'Union of South Africa n"oge na-adịghị anya.[3][4]

NUM jikọtara ya na mba ụwa niile na njikọ kemịkalụ, ike, nke m na ndị otu ndị ọrụ izugbe.

Ọgbaghara 2007[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na 4 Disemba 2007, otu ahụ gara abụbọ ọrụ iji mee mkpesa maka ọnọdụ ọrụ na ogbunigwe South Africa. Ọ bụ ịrị elu nke ọnwụ ndị ọrụ site na 2006 ruo 2007 n'agbanyeghị gọọmentị [5]

2012 Wildcat strikes[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Akwụkwọ mpịakọta NUM na-akpọ maka nzukọ zuru oke na nso Matlosana.

N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n"afọ 2012, ọtụtụ puku ndị otu NUM malitere usoro ọgbaghara na Lonmin's Marikana mines jikọtara ya na arịrịọ maka ịbawanye ụgwọ. N'ụbọchị na-esote, ndị isi NUM gbara ndị otu N UM na'ịgba arụkwaghịm égbè, bụ ndị na - na[6][7][8][9] A na-ekwu na mgbasa ozi na ogbugbu nke ndị na'egwupụta ihe n'ime ala abụọ bụ isi ihe kpatara nkwụsịtụ ntụkwasị obi n"ime ndị ọrụ.[10][11] N'inyefe ya na Farlam Commission, NUM kwuru na ike igbu egbu n'ụbọchị a ziri ezi.[12][13]

A na-eme atụmatụ na n'etiti 12 na 14 Ọgọstụ ihe dị ka mmadụ itoolu (ọ dịkarịa ala ndị na'egwupụta ihe n"ọhịa, ndị uwe ojii abụọ na ndị nche nche abụọ) nwụrụ nʼógbè Marikana - ọ bụ ezie na e nwere akụkọ na - na ọ dị iche iche banyere onye gburu n'"oge ụbọchị ndị a.[14][15][16][17]

N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ndị uwe ojii gbara otu ndị na-egwupụta akụ̀ ndị dị n"ime ala égbè, ha gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri atọ na anọ na Marikana, mmadụ narị asaa na iri asaa merụrụ ahụ ma jide mmadụ abụọ na ise na itoolu.[18] Ndị na-egwupụta akụ̀ ndị dị n'ime ala na ndị na'ebe ahụ bu mma ma jụ arịrịọ maka iwepụ ngwá agha. Dị ka Congress of South African Trade Unions si kwuo, ndị uwe ojii bu ụzọ jiri gas na-agba mmiri, egbe mmiri wee jiri "mgbọ dị ndụ".[19] A na-akpọ ogbugbu ahụ ogbu mmadụ n'ime mgbasa ozi niile na ndị uwe ojii, Lonmin na NUM n"onwe ya ka a na'ebo ya ebubo.[20][21][22]

Mkpughe banyere ahụ mere malite na nyocha agụmakwụkwọ [citation needed] wee soro akụkọ Greg Marinovich[23] gosipụtara na ọtụtụ n'ime igbu ọchụ ndị ahụ weere ọnọdụ na igwefoto ọtụtụ nkeji mgbe edere ụfọdụ igbu egbu na telivishọn.

Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times si kwuo, "Frans Baleni, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke National Union of Mineworkers, gbachitere ndị uwe ojii n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Kaya FM, ụlọ ọrụ redio" na-ekwu na "Ndị uweojii nwere ndidi, mana ndị a ji ngwá agha dị ize ndụ".[24]

Mgbatị ahụ bụ otu n'ime ihe kachasị njọ nke ndị ọchịchị South Africa kemgbe njedebe nke oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Afrika.[25] Baleni na ndị ọrụ NUM ndị ọzọ ebuboola 'ike nke atọ' na ha na-akwado ọgụ Marikana.[26][27]

Enweghị nkwado[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-ekwu na e nweela ọpụpụ site na NUM.[28] Dị ka Justice Malala si kwuo, na-ede na The Guardian, "NUM enwekwaghị ntụkwasị obi niile ma na ndị otu na'ime ya na ya. E nyere odeakwụkwọ ya a na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ọma, Baleni, mmụba ụgwọ ọrụ nke ihe karịrị 40% n'afọ gara aga na ngụkọta ụgwọ ọnwa ya karịrị R105 000 kwa ọnwa. Ndị isi NUM ajụla ịpụ n'ụgbọala ndị uwe ojii iji gwa ndị ọrụ okwu.[29] Ndị ọzọ arụrịtakwara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị otu NUM na-arị elu ma, ugbu a, n'ihi ọgbaghara na North West, ndị òtù ya nwere ike ịnọ ihe dị ka 150,000.[30]

Ndị ọzọ toro nzukọ ahụ. Otu nchịkọta akụkọ na Business Day kwuru "NUM bụ ihe na-eche echiche, nke a na na'etiti ndị otu ebe a... Ọ na-enwe ekele ma na'anya na ụlọ ọrụ ndị siri ike. "[31]

Òtù na-asọ mpi Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) amụbawo n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị otu kemgbe ịgba égbè Marikana ma ugbu a na'anọchite anya ihe karịrị 40% nke ndị ọrụ na Amplats[32] na 70% na Lonmin.[33]

Ịdu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ndị odeakwụkwọ ukwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

1982: Cyril Ramaphosa
1991: Kgalema Motlanthe
1998: Gwede Mantashe
2006: Frans Baleni
2015: David Sipunzi
2022: William Mabapa

Ndị isi ala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

1982: James Motlatsi
2000: Senzeni Zokwana
2014: Piet Matosa
2018: Joseph Montisetse
2022: Daniel Balepile

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • (2005) in ICTUR: Trade Unions of the World, 6th, etal, London, UK: John Harper Publishing. ISBN 0-9543811-5-7. 

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Pretorius, Fransjohan (2014). A History of South Africa: From the Distant Past to the Present Day. Hatsfield, Pretoria: Protea Book House. ISBN 978-1-86919-908-1. 
  2. ↑ Sweet Food and Allied Workers Union (SFAWU). South African History Online. Retrieved on 14 March 2021.
  3. ↑ "Size counts", Mail & Guardian, 12 January 2001. Retrieved on 14 March 2021.
  4. ↑ "Metalworkers’ union Limusa and miners’ union NUM to merge in bid by Cosatu to strengthen them", The Star, 3 September 2019. Retrieved on 19 March 2021.
  5. ↑ South African miners out on strike. English.aljazeera.net. Retrieved on 10 August 2018.
  6. ↑ "Marikana Prequel - NUM and the murders that started it all", Daily Maverick, 12 October 2012.
  7. ↑ "South Africa: Marikana massacre – a turning point?", Links, 27 August 2012.
  8. ↑ "NUM shot at us - witness", Independent Online, 2 October 2012.
  9. ↑ Sosibo (22 October 2012). NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified. Mg.co.za. Retrieved on 10 August 2018.
  10. ↑ Sacks. Marikana prequel: NUM and the murders that started it all - Daily Maverick. Dailymaverick.co.za. Retrieved on 10 August 2018.
  11. ↑ "Marikana 20 years in the making", Business Report, 21 October 2012. Retrieved on 23 October 2012.
  12. ↑ Sosibo (22 October 2012). NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified. Mg.co.za. Retrieved on 10 August 2018.
  13. ↑ TimesLIVE. Timeslive.co.za. Retrieved on 10 August 2018.
  14. ↑ "Miners killed like possessed vermin", Mail & Guardian, 23 October 2012. Retrieved on 23 October 2012.
  15. ↑ Tau. "Cops killed as conflict spirals at Lonmin", Iol.co.za, 14 August 2012. Retrieved on 19 August 2012.
  16. ↑ South African platinum mine union riots 'kill nine'. BBC News (13 August 2012). Retrieved on 17 August 2012.
  17. ↑ "Marikana inquiry updates", Times Live, 23 October 2012. Retrieved on 23 October 2012.
  18. ↑ Lonmin massacre: a timeline - IOL News. Iol.co.za. Retrieved on 10 August 2018.
  19. ↑ 270 miners charged in co-workers' deaths. Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved on 30 August 2012.
  20. ↑ Strike until NUM leaders step down, Malema tells SA's miners. Ng.co.za. Archived from the original on 2018-08-10. Retrieved on 10 August 2018.
  21. ↑ SAPS blames Lonmin for Marikana strikers deaths. Business Day. Archived from the original on 2022-12-07. Retrieved on 2023-05-26.
  22. ↑ Finger pointing key at Marikana inquiry. Iol.co.za. Retrieved on 10 August 2018.
  23. ↑ "The murder fields of Marikana. The cold murder fields of Marikana.", Daily Maverick, 8 September 2012. Retrieved on 25 October 2012.
  24. ↑ Mine Strike Mayhem Stuns South Africa as Police Open Fire, Lydia Polgreen, The New York Times, 16 August 2012
  25. ↑ "South African police open fire as striking miners charge, killing and wounding workers", The Washington Post, 16 August 2012. Retrieved on 16 August 2012.
  26. ↑ Marikana prequel: NUM and the murders that started it all, Jared Sacks, Daily Maverick, 12 October 2012
  27. ↑ Activists decry talk of third force at Marikana, Mail & Guardian, 24 August 2012
  28. ↑ Ramaphosa can't stop exodus from the NUM, Jan de Lange, Mining MX, 6 May 2013,
  29. ↑ The Marikana action is a strike by the poor against the state and the haves, Justice Malala, The Guardian, 17 August 2012
  30. ↑ A NUM sized headache and no one else to blame, Mandy de Waal, The Daily Maverick, 24 October 2012
  31. ↑ A failure of our society on many levels, Editorial, Business Day, 17 August 2012
  32. ↑ "Amcu seals place as top dog platinum union", Miningmx.xom. Retrieved on 10 August 2018.
  33. ↑ "Amcu and NUM face off on issues".

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ NUM.
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