Nchịkọta Nchịkọta Nsogbu

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Ihe mkpofu metụtara mmepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa na 2015, kọọrọ TRI

Ndepụta Ngwaahịa Mwepụta Toxics(TRI) bụ nchekwa data ọha na eze nwere ozi gbasara mbipụta kemịkal naegbu egbu na ọrụ nchịkwa ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ na United States.

TRI-ME, usoro akụkọ kọmputa TRI

Nchịkọta nke ihe achọrọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A naenweta nchekwa data ahụ site na United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ma nwee ozi ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-akọ kwa afọ yana ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti. Kwa afọ, ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche gafee ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ (gụnyere mmepụta kemịkal, igwupụta ọla, coal ma ọ bụ mmanụ ọkụ eletrik, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ) nke naemepụta, naahazi, ma ọ bụ naeji ihe karịrị otu kemịkal edepụtara gaagwa ya TRI. Maka ọtụtụ kemịkal ndị edepụtara, ụlọ ọrụ gaakọ ma ọ bụrụ na ha mepụtara puku pound iri abụọ na ise ma ọ bụ naarụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ jiri puku pound iri nke kemịkal ahụ mee ihe, mana ụfọdụ kemịkal nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala.[1]

Mmalite ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

E bu ụzọ chepụta ndepụta ahụ na 1985 New York Times op-ed nke David Sarokin na Warren Muir dere, ndị naeme nchọpụta maka otu gburugburu ebe obibi, Inform, Inc.[2] Nzukọ omebe iwu guzobere TRI nokpuru Akụkụ 313 nke Atụmatụ Mberede na Iwu Ikike Ịmara Obodo nke 1986 (EPCRA), ma mesịa gbasaa ya na Iwu Mgbochi Mmetọ nke 1990 (PPA). E mepụtara iwu ahụ n'ihi nchegbu banyere ntọhapụ Union Carbide nke gas naegbu egbu na ọdachi Bhopal nke 1984 (India) na obere ntọhapụ 1985 na ụlọ ọrụ ya na Institute, West Virginia.[3]

Ihe achọrọ maka akụkọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A chọrọ ka ụlọ ọrụ kọọrọ TRI ma ọ bụrụ na ha emee ihe niile a chọrọ:

  • A naetinye ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na koodu North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) nke TRI kpuchiri, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti
  • Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ndị ọrụ oge niile 10 ma ọ bụ karịa (ya bụ, ngụkọta nke awa 20,000 ma ọ bụ karịrị) na
  • Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ naemepụta (nke akọwapụtara ịgụnye mbubata), usoro ma ọ bụ nụzọ ọzọ naeji kemịkal ọ bụla nke EPCRA Nkebi 313 nọtụtụ karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ e guzobere noge afọ kalenda.

Ọ bụrụ na a naemezu ihe ụfọdụ, enwere ike ikwe ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mezue nkwupụta asambodo "Form A" kama iji nkọwa zuru ezu "Form R". Ụdị A nwere ike iji naanị maka kemịkal ndị a naadịghị ele anya dị ka kemịkal nke nchegbu pụrụ iche, nke ego arụpụtara, nhazi, ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe nụlọ ọrụ ahụ anaghị agafe 1 nde pound, na nke naagaghị 500 pound nke ego a naagbanye kwa afọ (ya, ngụkọta nke a tọhapụrụ / tụfuru maka ike) na kalenda.[4]

Ụlọ ọrụ gaakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kemịkal ndị edepụtara na ikuku site na nchịkọta ma ọ bụ ikuku na-agba ọsọ; ọnụ ọgụgụ a naagbapụ na mmiri nebe ahụ ma ọ bụ na ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ọha na eze; a naahapụ ma ọ bụ tụfuo ya nala, dị ka nebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa ma ọ bụ nolulu mmiri; na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe mkpofu ahịha naebufe n'ebe ọzọ maka ịhapụ ma ọ bụrụ ntọhapụ. PPA gbakwunyere ihe achọrọ maka ụlọ ọrụ iji kọọ ozi gbasara ọnụọgụ nke ihe mkpofu metụtara mmepụta naachịkwa nime na nèzí site na imegharị ihe, ọkụ maka mgbake ike, ọgwụgwọ, na iwepụ ihe ndị ọzọ, yana ịkọ akụkọ banyere ọnụọgụ ihe mkpofu a naachịkọta nihi otu oge ma ọ bụ ihe ndị naemetụtaghị mmepụta. Ụlọ ọrụ naakọkwa ozi gbasara ọrụ ọ bụla naebelata isi iyi iji gbochie mmetọ.

Ịnweta data TRI[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Nnyocha Mba nke TRI[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Kwa afọ, EPA naebipụta TRI National Analysis, nke naakọwa data TRI a kọrọ ma naenyocha ihe ndị naeme na ntọhapụ, omume nchịkwa ihe mkpofu, na ọrụ mgbochi mmetọ (P2). Nnyocha Mba naagụnye nyocha nke ihe ndị naeme na ntọhapụ na njikwa ihe mkpofu, yana nyocha nke ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa, kemịkalụ nke nchegbu pụrụ iche, na ngwá ọrụ "Ebe Ị Bi" nke naese data ahụ.[5]

Nweta data[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Enwere ike ịnweta data TRI nọtụtụ ụzọ site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ EPA.

  • Ebe obibi nke mmemme TRI gụnyere ngwá ọrụ maka ịchọ data nafọ ndị naadịbeghị anya.[6]
  • EPA naenyekwa ohere ịnweta data naenweghị isi site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya "Envirofacts".[7]
  • Akụkọ eziokwu na akụkọ maka afọ niile dị site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ "TRI Explorer" nke EPA.[8]

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Ntinye na ndekọ mbufe na-emetọ emetọ
  • Iwu Nchịkwa Ihe Na-egbu Mmanụ (TSCA)

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ Reporting for TRI Facilities. Toxics Release Inventory Program. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2022-03-10).
  2. ↑ Sarokin. "Too Little Toxic-Waste Data", The New York Times, 1985-10-07.
  3. ↑ What is the Toxics Release Inventory?. EPA (2020-09-29).
  4. ↑ TRI Reporting Forms and Instructions - Section B. TRI Program. EPA. Retrieved on 2022-03-10.
  5. ↑ Toxics Release Inventory National Analysis. EPA (2022-03-03).
  6. ↑ Toxics Release Inventory Program. EPA (2022-03-03).
  7. ↑ TRI Search. Envirofacts. EPA (2021-10-20).
  8. ↑ Release Chemical Report. TRI Explorer (2022-03-11).
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