Nchebe na Ahụike Ọrụ

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Nchebe na Ahụike Ọrụ

ịgụ na ide nke OSH ma ọ bụ Ịgụ na Ịgụ na Nchebe Ọrụ na Ahụike bụ ogo nke ndị mmadụ nwere ikike ịrụ ọrụ iji nweta, hazie ma jiri ozi na ọrụ Nchebe na Ahụike Ọrụ (OSH) dị mkpa iji wepụ ma ọ bụ belata ihe ize ndụ.[1]

Nchịkọta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

OSH bụ aha mkpirisi maka Occupational Safety and Health. A na-akpọkwa ya mgbe ụfọdụ Ahụike na Nchebe Ọrụ (OHS), Nchebe, Ahụike & Mpaghara (SHE), Nchebenkebe na Ahụike Ọrụ (WSH), Ncheba na Ahụike Mpaghara Nchebe (EHS) yana okwu ndị ọzọ.[1][2]

OSH na-eji usoro pụrụ iche nke ọdịdị dị iche iche, agba, akara na okwu pụrụ iche iji kwado ozi iji gbochie ihe mberede. [3]Usoro nkwurịta okwu a bụ nke International Standards Organization (ISO) kwadoro.[3]

Ihe Nlereanya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na mgbakwunye na ebe ọrụ ọdịnala, enwere ike ịchọta ịgụ na ide OSH n'ebe ọha na eze. ISO Standard 7010:2019 na-edepụta ihe ịrịba ama nchekwa maka ebumnuche nke mgbochi ihe mberede, nchebe ọkụ, ozi ihe ize ndụ ahụike na mwepụ mberede. Ọ na-emetụta ebe niile ebe nsogbu nchekwa metụtara ndị mmadụ chọrọ idozi. [4]A pụkwara ịhụ ihe atụ n'ụlọ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa ụlọ kwa ụbọchị, dịka ọmụmaatụ: nhicha kemịkal na ngwaahịa ịchọ mma, nri na ngwa eletrik.[5][6]

Mmetụta nke enweghị agụmakwụkwọ OSH na ìgwè ndị dị oke egwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Òtù Ọrụ Mba Nile (ILO) na-eme atụmatụ na ihe dị ka nde ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke 2.3 gburugburu ụwa na-anwụ n'ihe mberede ma ọ bụ ọrịa metụtara ọrụ kwa afọ; nke a kwekọrọ na ihe karịrị ọnwụ 6000 kwa ụbọchị. N'ụwa niile, e nwere ihe dị ka nde ihe mberede ọrụ 340 na nde mmadụ 160 na-arịa ọrịa metụtara ọrụ kwa afọ. ILO na-emelite atụmatụ ndị a n'oge ụfọdụ, mmelite na-egosi mmụba nke ihe mberede na ahụike.[7]

Nnyocha data na-egosi na nkwukọrịta na-adịghị mma na ihe ndị mmadụ bụ ihe na-akpata ihe dị elu n'ọtụtụ ihe omume OSH niile edere n'ụwa niile.[8]

Ìgwè kachasị ize ndụ bụ ndị nọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ mbụ ha na-arụ ọrụ. Ụfọdụ atụmatụ na-atụ aro na ihe karịrị 50% nke ihe omume OSH niile e dekọrọ n'ụwa niile na-eme n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ a. Ndị na-adịghị ike karịsịa gụnyere ndị ọrụ na-eto eto, ndị ọrụ meworo agadi (ihe karịrị afọ 45), ndị ọrụ na'ala ọzọ, ndị nwere nkwarụ a na-ahụ anya na ndị a na-adịghị ahụ anya, ndị nwere obere ma ọ bụ na-enweghị (amaghị akwụkwọ), ndị na-asụ Bekee dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ (Bekee bụ asụsụ nke OSH na ebe ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ).[9][10][11][12][13][14]

Enweghị data dị ugbu a iji gosipụta ọnụọgụ ọnwụ, ọrịa, mmerụ ahụ na mfu nke na-eme n'ụlọ ma ọ bụ n'ebe ọha na eze n'ihi enweghị nkà OSH. Ka o sina dị, data ọnụ ọgụgụ dịnụ na-egosi na enwere njikọ siri ike n'etiti ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ na-abanye n'ebe ọrụ ọhụrụ na obere ma ọ bụ enweghị nkà mmụta OSH na ihe omume metụtara OSH n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ mbụ nke ọrụ ha.[15][16][17][18]

Ịgụ na ide nke OSH na agụmakwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, òtù mba ụwa na-etinye aka na agụmakwụkwọ OSH dị ka: ENETOSH, OSH-Africa, OSHA-EU, OSHA na IOSH anọwo na-akwado ka OSH sonye na agụmakịa.[19][20][21][22][23]

Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-egosipụta uru mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba na ahụike nke nke a nwere ike iweta na nke ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ntọala maka mmụta ogologo ndụ. Enwere ike ịkụziri ya dị ka isiokwu kwụụrụ onwe ya ma ọ bụ tinye ya na isiokwu ndị ọzọ. A na-akwadokwa usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ niile.[24][25]

Nnyocha egosiwo na nkà mmụta OSH tupu nkuzi na-eme ka ikike mmadụ nwere ịghọta, itinye aka ma na-agbaso ozi OSH na ọzụzụ dị ukwuu. Ya mere, na-ebelata ohere ha nwere ihe mberede n'ihi nkwurịta okwu na-adịghị mma. Na mgbakwunye, ịkụzi OSH ịgụ na ide na nchekwa nke klas na-enye ohere maka ndị mmadụ, ndị nwere ike inwe nsogbu na ịgụ na ide a, ka a mata ha n'oge ka e wee nwee ike ime ihe mgbochi iji chebe ha na ndị ọzọ pụọ na mmerụ ahụ na mfu. Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị nwetara nkà mmụta OSH nwere ike igosi nkà na ihe ọmụma ọhụrụ ha n'ime ezinụlọ na obodo ha.[26]

Na June 2023, The International Standards Organization wepụtara Akụkụ nke mbụ (1) nke a na-atụ anya ya nke ọma Plain Language Standard (ISO 24495-1:2023 - Asụsụ dị mfe - Akụkụ 1: Ụkpụrụ na ntuziaka na-achịkwa). ISO Plain Language Standard na-enye ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ niile usoro ntuziaka na atụmatụ iji mee ka ozi dịkwuo mfe ma dị irè. ISO bụkwa ọrụ maka imepụta na itinye akara OSH n'ọrụ.

Na June 2022, Nzukọ Ọrụ Mba Nile gbakwunyere Nchebe na Ahụike na Ụkpụrụ ya na Ikike ya n'Ọrụ. N'ihi mkpebi a, a ga-achọ ka mba niile so na ILO kwanyere ùgwù ma kwalite ikike dị mkpa maka ebe ọrụ dị nchebe na nke dị mma, ma ha kwadoro nkwekọrịta ndị dị mkpa ma ọ bụ na ha kwadoghị.[27]

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ehmann (2021-09-22). "Work-Related Health Literacy: A Scoping Review to Clarify the Concept". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (19): 9945. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18199945. ISSN 1661-7827. PMID 34639262. 
  2. ↑ About IOSH (en). IOSH. Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 International Standard for safety signs updated (en). ISO (31 July 2019). Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  4. ↑ ISO 7010:2011 (en). ISO. Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  5. ↑ ISO/IEC Guide 41:2018(en). www.iso.org. Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  6. ↑ Nordin (January 2021). "Incidents and Disaster Avoidance: The Role of Communication Management and the Organizational Communication Climate in High-Risk Environments" (in en). Sustainability 13 (18): 10138. DOI:10.3390/su131810138. ISSN 2071-1050. 
  7. ↑ World Statistic (en). www.ilo.org (2011-07-13). Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  8. ↑ Occupational Hazards in Organisations: A study on the Role of Communication in Stress Prevention.
  9. ↑ Young Worker Safety and Health | NIOSH | CDC (en-us). www.cdc.gov (2022-04-15). Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  10. ↑ Peng (2019-02-01). "A meta-analysis of the relationship between ageing and occupational safety and health" (in en). Safety Science 112: 162–172. DOI:10.1016/j.ssci.2018.10.030. ISSN 0925-7535. 
  11. ↑ Protecting Migrant Workers. Archived from the original on 2022-09-01. Retrieved on 2023-10-28.
  12. ↑ StackPath. www.ehstoday.com. Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  13. ↑ Language, literacy and their role in workplace accidents.
  14. ↑ De Jesus-Rivas (January 2016). "The Impact of Language and Culture Diversity in Occupational Safety" (in en). Workplace Health & Safety 64 (1): 24–27. DOI:10.1177/2165079915607872. ISSN 2165-0799. PMID 26800895. 
  15. ↑ Rauscher (2014). "Occupational health literacy and work-related injury among U.S. adolescents". International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 21 (1): 81–89. DOI:10.1080/17457300.2013.792288. ISSN 1745-7319. PMID 23679156. 
  16. ↑ What You Don't Know Can Hurt You: Literacy's Impact on Workplace Health and Safety (en). LINCS | Adult Education and Literacy | U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved on 2022-07-12.
  17. ↑ Ehmann (January 2021). "Work-Related Health Literacy: A Scoping Review to Clarify the Concept" (in en). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (19): 9945. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18199945. ISSN 1660-4601. PMID 34639262. 
  18. ↑ Rauscher (2014-03-01). "Occupational health literacy and work-related injury among US adolescents". International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 21 (1): 81–89. DOI:10.1080/17457300.2013.792288. ISSN 1745-7300. PMID 23679156. 
  19. ↑ Who We Are - Enetosh. enetosh.net. Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  20. ↑ OSHAfrica Scientific Committee | OSHAfrica (en-US). Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  21. ↑ Mainstreaming OSH into education | Safety and health at work EU-OSHA. osha.europa.eu. Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  22. ↑ Young Workers - Parents and Educators Can Keep Young Workers Safe | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. www.osha.gov. Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  23. ↑ IOSH OSH education policy position (en). IOSH. Archived from the original on 2022-07-26. Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  24. ↑ Occupational safety and health and education: a whole school approach.
  25. ↑ Occupational safety and health and education: a whole-school approach | Safety and health at work EU-OSHA. osha.europa.eu. Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  26. ↑ OSH Literacy – A life skill. (en-US). Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
  27. ↑ International Labour Conference adds safety and health to Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (en). www.ilo.org (2022-06-10). Retrieved on 2022-07-20.
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