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Nchebe nri na Mexico

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Ọkọlọtọ Mexico

Mexico na-ahụwo na nchekwa nri site n'ike ihe mere eme ya.  N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, n'agbanyeghị mbọ dị iche iche, Mexico na-aga n'ihu na- ike nri na nri nke mba nke na-echebe ndị mmadụ nchekwa nri.  Dị ka obodo buru ibu nke ihe ụmụaka 100 nde mmadụ, akwụkwọ na imezu atumatu nri bụ ọrụ dị anya.  Ọ bụ ebe na Mexico na-agbasawanye ihe oriri na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ nke a na-anya ya, ma ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, enyela aka na-ahụ na-emepụta nri nri, nchekwa nri, dịka ọ Mike oke ibu na  erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ, ka na- amfanin na-abụ nsogbu nsogbu na eze dị mkpa.  [1] Ọ bụ ebe na ọ bụghị ihe a na-enweta nri, nri nri siri ike na gburu nri na-ebute ihe.

[1]N'agbata afọ 2003 na 2005, nri nri Mexico dị elu ụzọ ebute oke oke iji gboo mkpa nke ndị Mexico, na-eri 3,270 kilocalories kwa ụbọchị, nke dị elu ihe mgbochi mkpa nke 1,850 kilocalories kwa ụbọchị.  atụmatụ, opekata mpe, elele 10 nke ndị bi na steeti Mexico ọ mgbasa na-enweta nri nri oke.  Na steeti, pịa 25–35 bi n'ezina nri nchekwa nri.  Ihe Ntụgharị 10 nke ndị bi na steeti asaa dị na Mexico dabara n'ụdị nri nchekwa nri siri ike

[2] Okwu nke akara ike nri nri na-ebuwanye ibu site na erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ nke na-ahụ ala ala, yana oke ibu na-ama, ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, na ebe ahụ.

Okwu mmalite

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Ọdịdị dị iche iche nke nchekwa nri gụnyere ngwakọta nke ihe anọ: [3]  

Map nke steeti Mexico

Na Mexico, ndịiche dị na akụkụ nke mba ahụ bụ ihe ndị dị ka ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na obodo mepere emepe na ime obodo. [4] [5] [6] Mpaghara North bụ nke kacha nwee ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, nwere nnukwu ego n'isi obodo yana akụrụngwa, ma nwee ohere zuru oke maka ọrụ ndị bụ isi. [7] Agbanyeghi na mmepe nke North, Central mpaghara ka nwere nnukwu obodo mepere emepe dị ka Guadalajara. [7] Mpaghara ndịda bụ nke kacha nta mepere emepe, nwere obodo kacha ime obodo na ụmụ amaala bi na Mexico, yana enweghị ohere zuru oke iji nweta ọrụ ndị bụ isi. [7] Ya mere, nsogbu ahụike dịka ọrịa na-efe efe na erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ na-ewu ewu karịsịa.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Malite na 1980s, akara akụ na dị dị iche iche mpaghara na-ama ihe na Latin America .  akwụkwọ ọrụ ugbo Mexico,,,,abụ mgbe steeti Meksiko, ndị nwere maka ọrịa mbupụ.  Gọọmenti Mexico mere gwara siri ike iji megharia ihe iji tinyekwuo mpaghara ọrụ ugbo n'ahịa zuru ụwa dị ka isonye na General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) na North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) [8]

Nri dị

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.Ịnweta ike nri dị na Mexico mkpa ihe, mana ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị mmadụ ka na-ata site na nri nchekwa nri.  Ọzọkwa, ihe gbasara nke puru omume nke nri nchekwa nri ka akọọrọ na ọ na-adị site na ego na-echeta.  [1] Amartya Sen na-arụ ụka na inwe nri bụ otu n'ime ikike ihe ọrụ mbụ.  Manuel, nri mgbe nri zuru oke, ihe ike inwe nri nri. [9]

N'agbata afọ 2003 na 2005, ngụkọta nri Mexico zuru oke, nke na-ewe kilocalories 3,270 kwa ụbọchị, dị elu karịa ihe kacha nta chọrọ nke 1,850 kilocalories kwa ụbọchị. [10] : 3 Nnyocha mba nke N'ogbe, nri na ọnọdụ nri na mpaghara ime obodo (ENAAEN) gbakọtara na 2008 maka ime obodo 90 chọpụtara na ihe karịrị 90% nke mpaghara ndị a na-ere nri dịka agwa nkụ, peas chick, mmiri ara ehi na anụ, 86.7 % rere akwụkwọ nri, na 78.9% rere mkpụrụ osisi. Ihe omuma a na-ebute nkwubi okwu na nnweta nri abughi nsogbu; kama, okwu nke ụkọ nri na-akpata site na njikọta nke ihe ndị ọzọ. [10]

Ọzọkwa, ihe ụmụaka 18% nke ndị Mexico na 2008 nọ na ndị ogbenye na Chiapas, Guerrero, na Oaxaca nri bụ nri oke nri ogbenye nri, dịka ihe CONEVAL si kwuo.  [1] Ọdịmma na nhọrọ na ọnụ akara nri dị elu maka obere ego na-belụsọ

Dị ka nkeji na-ahụ Maka Ahụ Ike Ọha na Meksiko si kwuo, akara ole na ole na-emezu akwụkwọ maka nri zuru oke na ụdị dị iche iche [1] : 9 Maka ụmụ amaala obodo, nsogbu ahụ ka njọ.  naanị 10% nke ndị bi n'ime obodo na- ụmụ ụmụ amaala na 3% nke ndị obodo na-eri anụ ụbọchị atọ ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ kwa izu, na-arụtụ aka na ọrịa anaemia zuru oke na ndị mmadụ.[10] : 

Ihe na-akpata ụkọ nri

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Nri na nri zuru oke bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ndụ mmadụ, ahụike na uto. [11] Erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ́ na-eso ebute ọnwụ nke nne na ụmụ ọhụrụ na ọrịa na-ebelata mmepe. Enwere ike rụtụ aka na erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ nke nwata dịka n'ihi akwụghị ọtọ na nkesa akụrụngwa, ọrụ, akụ na ụba na ohere. [11]

Ibu oke ibu

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Meksiko enwetawo dị egwu nke akụ na mebere n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na-eweta ihe dị ukwuu na ọnọdụ nsogbu na eze na mpaghara site na ime obodo gaa n'obodo ukwu.  Mgbanwe a ewetala usoro nri ndị na-enye ahụ: ịba ahụ n'inweta ndị nwere oke ume dị ọnụ ala nri nke àgwà omume otu ebe.  N'ihi ya, Mexico na-ahụ ọrịa na-efe efe na-eto ngwa ngwa nke oke ibu na oke ibu mgbaàmà na-adịghị agbasa. [12]

Mmụba dị egwu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ oke ibu ebutela ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọrịa ndị metụtara oke ibu dị ka ọrịa shuga, ọbara mgbali elu, na nnukwu myocardial infarction (AMI) yana mmụba nke ụgwọ nlekọta ahụike metụtara ya. [12] [13] 32% nke ụmụ nwoke na 26% nke ụmụ nwanyị ka ekwuru na ha nwere oke ibu. A na-eme atụmatụ na n'afọ 2050, 12% nke ụmụ nwoke na 9% nke ụmụ nwanyị ga-abụ nke ịdị arọ nkịtị. N'ụzọ akụ na ụba, nke a ga-abụ nnukwu ibu. A na-eme atụmatụ na mbelata 1% na BMI nwere ike ịchekwa nde $ 43 na ụgwọ nlekọta ahụike na 2020 yana nde $ 85 na 2050. [12] Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ka e mee ihe maka igbochi oke ibu.

Mgbalị gọọmentị

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N’afọ 1997, ụgbọ okporo ígwè Mexico ụzọ ihe omume ọhụrụ bụ́ nke e bu n’obi ihe ike ogbenye ná mba ahụ.  [1] Programa de Educación, Salud, y Alimenación ( PROGRESA ) emebere na mbụ maka dara ogbenye n'ime ime obodo, ma n'ihi ihe ịga nke ọma ya, a na n'ime obodo na 2001. [2] Ihe  dị ka akara nde 2.6 aha na 2000, pịa otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ihe ime obodo niile.  [3] fim ahụ ndị ọrụ ego maka ihe ndị mere ihe iji kwalite nkwalite na nri ezina-eme ha.  [4] ahụ nwera ihe ịga nke ọma: ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ mụbara ụfọdụ 20% maka ụmụ anụmanụ yana 10% maka ụmụ nwoke nọ na ebe PROGRESA [14]

National Crusade egwu egwu (CNCH) mgbasa na 2013 ma ọdụ etiti me aha ya site na Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL).  Ebumnobi ya "iwepụ oke ogbenye, erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ, na ụkọ nri sitere na nri nri na Mexico."  Dabere na CONEVAL, CNCH erutela ndị Mexico nde 7.1.  Ọ na-agụnye aka nke mmemme 55 na-emebu na ngalaba nke ọrụ ọrụ na-emebu na ngalaba nke ọrụ na-egosi nri, nri nri na nkesa, na-akpa ego na eze na-amata, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.  Ndị ụfọdụ nwere nnukwu ikefu ego na 2013 bụ enwe Opportunidades na Ministry of Health.  Mgbasa ozi CNCH mgbasa na obodo 400 nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasa elu na nchnahụ nke ndị bi n' ayenyere ogbenye na nri nri.  Ya mbụ awụ mkpa bụ boosting nri ọkọnọ na ndokwa omume, na-amụba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe nwere ikike nke ego nyefe na nri mmeju, na-amụba ikike nke ndị bi na-enweta nri nri. [15]

Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ Food Security and Nutrition in Mexico. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved on 27 September 2017.
  2. ↑ Urquía-Fernández (2014). "Food security in Mexico". Salud Pública de México 56: s92–s98. PMID 25649459. Retrieved on 2017-09-27. 
  3. ↑ Chapter 2. Food security: concepts and measurement. www.fao.org. Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved on October 23, 2017.
  4. ↑ Dean T. Jamison Joel G. Breman Anthony R. Measham George Alleyne Mariam Claeson David B. Evans Prabhat Jha Anne Mills Philip Musgrove (2006-04-02). in Jamison: Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, Second, The World Bank. DOI:10.1596/978-0-8213-6179-5. ISBN 9780821361795. 
  5. ↑ Hernández-Díaz (1999-11-29). "Association of maternal short stature with stunting in Mexican children: common genes vs common environment" (in En). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53 (12): 938–945. DOI:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600876. ISSN 1476-5640. PMID 10602351. 
  6. ↑ Barquera (2001). "[Policies and programs of food and nutrition in Mexico]" (in en). Salud Publica de Mexico 43 (5): 464–77. DOI:10.1590/S0036-36342001000500011. ISSN 0036-3634. PMID 11765723. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 The double burden of malnutrition Case studies from six developing countries. www.fao.org. Retrieved on 2017-11-24.
  8. ↑ Preibisch (2002). "Defending Food Security in a Free-Market Economy: The Gendered Dimensions of Restructuring in Rural Mexico" (in en). Human Organization 61 (1): 68–79. DOI:10.17730/humo.61.1.b0xbdqk1lw37yy1j. 
  9. ↑ Sen (1981). Poverty and famines: an essay on entitlement and deprivation. Oxford university press. ISBN 978-0-19-828426-0. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Juárez (July 9, 2010). Food Security and Nutrition in Mexico. Foreign Agricultural Service. Retrieved on 27 September 2017.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Nasu. Desnutrición y obesidad: doble carga en México. www.revista.unam.mx. Retrieved on 2017-11-24.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Rtveladze (January 2014). "Obesity prevalence in Mexico: impact on health and economic burden". Public Health Nutrition 17 (1): 233–239. DOI:10.1017/S1368980013000086. ISSN 1368-9800. PMID 23369462. Rtveladze, Ketevan; Marsh, Tim; Barquera, Simon; Romero, Luz Maria Sanchez; Levy, David; Melendez, Guillermo; Webber, Laura; Kilpi, Fanny; McPherson, Klim (January 2014). "Obesity prevalence in Mexico: impact on health and economic burden". Public Health Nutrition. 17 (1): 233–239. doi:10.1017/S1368980013000086. ISSN 1368-9800. PMC 10282205. PMID 23369462. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":8" defined multiple times with different content
  13. ↑ Rivera (February 2002). "Epidemiological and nutritional transition in Mexico: rapid increase of non-communicable chronic diseases and obesity". Public Health Nutrition 5 (1a): 113–122. DOI:10.1079/PHN2001282. ISSN 1475-2727. PMID 12027273. 
  14. ↑ Gantner (2007). PROGRESA: An Integrated Approach to Poverty Alleviation in Mexico (en-US). cip.cornell.edu. Cornell University. Retrieved on 2017-10-24.
  15. ↑ Balance de la Cruzada Nacional contra el Hambre (es). National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (2016).
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