Nchebe nri na Tanzania
Ọnọdụ nchekwa nri bụ ihe a nyochachara nke ọma na United Republic of Tanzania . Ọrụ ugbo bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke GDP nke mba (Gross Domestic Product) . [1] Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Tanzania na ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ihe dị n'ime na mpụga gbochiri ya, ndị agha mba ọzọ na mba n'onwe ya na-arụkwa ọrụ ya.
Enwere ọtụtụ ndị na-enye aka na nchekwa nri, gụnyere uto akụ na ụba, amụma ọrụ ugbo, mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi, mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọchịchị. [2] Ọzọkwa, nchekwa nri - ma ọ bụ enweghị ya - nwere ike inwe mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.
N'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ zuru ụwa ọnụ, Tanzania na-ada azụ n'ihe gbasara nchekwa nri. Dị ka Proteus Global Food Security Index - data anakọtara nke World Food Programme - Tanzania nwere index nke 0.564 na nha nha nha nke 0.08 ruo 0.775, ebe njedebe dị elu nke ụdịdị dị iche iche na-egosi enweghị nchekwa nri, Tanzania na-atụ 0.564 na ọkwa 162nd. nke mba 185 gụnyere. [3] Akụkọ ọzọ sitere n'aka mmemme nri ụwa chọpụtara na 7 n'ime 20 ahịa Tanzania a na-enyocha ruru ọkwa nsogbu na Q4-2019 dịka mgbako ALPS (Alert for Price Spikes). [4] Iji kọwakwuo usoro a na-eji nyochaa ahịa ndị Tanzania na adịghị ike ha, ALPS Indicator "na-enyocha ókè ahịa ahịa mpaghara na-enweta ọnụ ahịa nri dị elu na-enweghị atụ site n'ịtụle ọkwa nke ọnụ ahịa nri kwa ọnwa megide usoro oge a na-eme atụmatụ n'oge ma na-akọwa ha dị ka ihe kwesịrị ekwesị. nrụgide, njikere ma ọ bụ nsogbu." [4]
Ihe ịma aka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ejuru Tanzania ibu dị ogologo nke okwu nhazi nke na-egbochi ike ya na mpaghara nchekwa nri. Enweghị ego na ụzọ eji arụ ọrụ - ohere dị nta iji nweta isi ego, nkà azụmaahịa na-emepe emepe, ikike dị ala - yana akụrụngwa na-adịghị ike na-eduga na enweghị ihe mkpali ma a bịa n'ihu ịzụlite ngalaba ọrụ ugbo ha. [1]
Ihe mgbochi eke[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị na-emetụta nchekwa nchekwa nri Tanzania abụghị mgbanwe dị mfe ịchịkwa.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka February 2020, igurube na-emebi Tanzania na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa, na-eyi ikike mpaghara ahụ idowe ọkwa mmepụta ugbo na ya mere, nchekwa nri. Otu akụkọ oge na-akọ banyere okwu a na-emesi ike na nnukwu nsogbu ngwaahịa a nwere ike ịbụ:
Ugwongwo ndị ahụ buru ibu nke ukwuu, na North-Eastern Kenya, a tụrụ otu igwe mmiri ka ọ dị kilomita iri atọ na asaa n'ogologo na kilomita iri abụọ na ise n'obosara. UN na-ekwu na igurube ọzara bụ ahụhụ kacha dị ize ndụ na-akwaga mba ọzọ n'ihi ikike ha nwere imebi ihe ọkụkụ, na-eyi nchekwa nri na ibi ndụ egwu. Swarms, nke nwere ike ịnwe ndị okenye 40-80 nde, nwere ike iri ihe ọkụkụ n'otu ụbọchị nke ga-enye mmadụ 35,000 nri.
The-apụghị izere ezere oghom na-emetụta ndị a ụmụ ahụhụ ga-enwe na ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu akụkụ nke mba aku n'uba kwụsie ike na-eme ka ịchọta ngwọta niile dị mkpa.
Mgbanwe ihu igwe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ihi na ọ dabere kpamkpam na ọrụ ugbo nke mmiri ozuzo dị ka isi mmalite nke GDP na nchekwa nri, mba ndị na-enweghị ego dịka Tanzania na-enwekarị mmetụta nke ọrụ ugbo nke mgbanwe ihu igwe .
Dị ka akwụkwọ nyocha otu Bank World Bank nke afọ 2012 si kwuo, n'ọnọdụ dị nro, mgbanwe ihu igwe metụtara ọrụ ugbo Tanzania kariri 10% dị ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere njikwa nke Tanzania na-enweghị mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ihi mmụba nke okpomọkụ na ngbanwe nke usoro mmiri ozuzo site na ya. etiti narị afọ (2041-2050). [5] N'ime ọnọdụ anọ ahụ akọwapụtara na ọmụmụ ihe (mmiri, nkụ, oyi na ọkụ) atọ n'ime ha metụtara nchekwa nri na-adịghị mma, na-atụ aka na ohere nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere mmetụta ọjọọ. [5]
Ihe ize ndụ nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na ọdịdị a na-atụghị anya ya nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na mmetụta ya na ihu igwe / gburugburu ebe obibi na-atụ egwu ọdịnihu nke Tanzania na nnukwu isi nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na-eri nri.
Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike inwe ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi n'etiti Tanzania na nchekwa nri zuru oke, mba ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-achọta ụzọ isi gaa n'ihu. Dị ka USAID si kwuo, ihe karịrị hectare 190,000 nke ala Tanzania emewo ọganihu n'ịkwalite omume n'ihe gbasara ọrụ ugbo na nkà na ụzụ. [1] Ọzọkwa, n'ozuzu mmepụta osikapa kwa acre amụbaala n'ezie okpukpu abụọ n'ihi nkwado Tanzania na USAID na mbọ ha jikọtara ọnụ iji kwalite ọrụ ugbo na-adigide na itinyekwu uche na nri nri - nke a na-akpọbu ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable. [1] Mgbasa nkwado ọzọ maka nchekwa nri Tanzania na-esonye na ya bụ afọ anọ na-eme ka uto site na itinye ego na mmemme Enterprise (ENGINE). Ndị International Executive Service Corps (IESC) mebere ya, mmemme a na-enyere aka ịgbatị ntule na imeziwanye usoro iwu, ozi na usoro ego na-enyere aka uto azụmahịa na itinye ego nke ụfọdụ mpaghara ọrụ ugbo Tanzania (Mbeya, Morogoro, na Iringa, na Zanzibar). ). [6]
Na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mmetụta anụ ahụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Enweghị nchekwa nri nke juru ebe niile na mba ahụ nwere mmetụta na-akpa ike n'ahụ ndị mmadụ. Tanzania enweela nsogbu na-aga n'ihu nke ụmụ amaala na-erijughị afọ. Dika ihe omumu nke Brookings Tanzania siri gosi, oke n'ime ime obodo Tanzania na-enwe erighi ihe na-edozi ahu - ihe dika pasenti 39.3. [7] Banklọ akụ ụwa na-eche otu ihe ahụ, ebe 34% nke akụkọ Tanzania na-enweghị ike nweta ike chọrọ. [8] Enwere ike ịkọwa akụkụ dị ukwuu nke nke a n'etiti ọdịiche dị n'etiti mmepụta nri na ọkwa mba na nri a na-enweta na ọkwa onye ọ bụla. Ịnweta nri abụghị otu maka onye Tanzania ọ bụla, na-eduga n'eziokwu ahụ na pasent 34 nke ndị bi na ya enweghị ike imezu ihe achọrọ kalori kwa ụbọchị. [7] Ihe ọzọ na-enye aka na erughị eru ndị a bụ enweghị ụdị nri dị iche iche na-edozi na nri a na-emepụta na nke a na-eri. Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Acta Tropica si kwuo, ma ndị Tanzania ime obodo ma ndị obodo mepere emepe na-adabere na carbohydrates - ọka, osikapa, akpu, ugali - dịka isi nri ha. Carbohydrates, ebe ọ bụ ezigbo isi iyi ike, anaghị ekpuchi isi nri niile dị mkpa maka ibi ndụ ahụike. Eziokwu a pụtara ìhè na 2016 data anakọtara site na ERH (Ending Rural Hunger): "N'ihi ya, a na-ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ, karịsịa n'etiti ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise, na-eduga mba ahụ inwe ọnụ ọgụgụ erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ karịa nkezi ma e jiri ya tụnyere mba ndị ọzọ na mba ndị ọzọ. Mpaghara ... Pasent 58 na pasent 45 nke ụmụaka na ụmụ nwanyị n'otu n'otu na-enwe ọrịa anaemia." [7]
Mmetụta uche[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ihe gbasara mmetụta ọ na-enwe n'ahụ ụmụ amaala nkịtị, enweghị nchekwa nri ọ bụghị naanị na-enwe mmetụta anụ ahụ (ya bụ erighị erimeri); Okwu enweghị nchekwa nri nwekwara ike igosipụta onwe ha n'ime uche.
Nnyocha mbụ e mere na 2006 hụrụ agbụrụ anọ n'ofe obodo abụọ dị na Tanzania; na-eji modul nchekwa nri USDA na tandem na Hopkins Symptom Checklist iji tụọ nchekwa nri nke ọma yana nchekasị na ịda mbà n'obi, nchọpụta ahụ chọpụtara njikọ dị mma n'etiti ọkwa nchekwa nri na nchekasị / ịda mbà n'obi. [9] N'ozuzu, enwere ike jikọta ụkọ nri na ọnụ ọgụgụ erughị eru na-edozi ahụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mba, na ụfọdụ n'ime ezughị okè ndị a na-ejikọta ya na mgbaàmà nke ịda mbà n'obi na ọrụ usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ. [10] A naghị amụ njikọ ndị a ugboro ugboro dịka mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke enweghị nchekwa nri; Ọmụmụ Hadley na Patil na 2006 na-atụ aro na enweghị nleba anya nke ọma na-esite na "enweghị ngwá ọrụ zuru oke iji gụta nsonaazụ ahụike uche n'ime ime obodo na-abụghị nke ọdịda anyanwụ." [9]
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Agriculture and Food Security | Tanzania | U.S. Agency for International Development (en). www.usaid.gov (2019-12-19). Retrieved on 2020-04-08.
- ↑ Mazengo (December 1997). "Food consumption in rural and urban Tanzania". Acta Tropica 68 (3): 313–326. DOI:10.1016/s0001-706x(97)00113-7. ISSN 0001-706X. PMID 9492916.
- ↑ Proteus Food Security Index. dataviz.vam.wfp.org. Retrieved on 2020-04-09.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Market Monitor #46. dataviz.vam.wfp.org. Retrieved on 2020-04-09.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Arndt (2012). "Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Tanzania" (in en). Review of Development Economics 16 (3): 378–393. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9361.2012.00669.x. ISSN 1467-9361.
- ↑ Feed the Future Tanzania Enabling Growth through Investment and Enterprise (ENGINE) Program (en). www.usaid.gov (2019-06-03). Archived from the original on 2019-08-13. Retrieved on 2020-04-09.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Alphonce (October 2017). Ending Rural Hunger The case of Tanzania. Brookings.
- ↑ Haug (2013-06-01). "The art of balancing food security: securing availability and affordability of food in Tanzania" (in en). Food Security 5 (3): 415–426. DOI:10.1007/s12571-013-0266-8. ISSN 1876-4525.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hadley (2006). "Food insecurity in rural Tanzania is associated with maternal anxiety and depression" (in en). American Journal of Human Biology 18 (3): 359–368. DOI:10.1002/ajhb.20505. ISSN 1520-6300. PMID 16634017.
- ↑ Bodnar (November 2005). "Nutrition and Depression: Implications for Improving Mental Health Among Childbearing-Aged Women". Biological Psychiatry 58 (9): 679–685. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.009. ISSN 0006-3223. PMID 16040007.