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The Nature Conservancy logo

The Nature Conservancy (TNC) bụ òtù gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke nwere isi na Arlington, Virginia. As of 2021 2021, ọ na-arụ ọrụ site na njikọ ma ọ bụ alaka na mba na mpaghara 79, yana gafee steeti ọ bụla na US.

Tọrọ ntọala na 1951, The Nature Conservancy nwere ihe karịrị otu nde ndị otu n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erule 2021 ma chebe ihe karịrị 119,000,000 acres (48,000,000 hectare) nke ala na akụkọ ihe mere eme ya.[1] As of 2014 n'afọ 2014, ọ bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru na gburugburu ebe obibi site na akụ na ego a na-enweta na Amerịka.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Nzukọ na Alabama Nature Conservancy iji hazie mgbalị iji mee ihe ọzọ na Birmingham, 1972

The Nature Conservancy mepụtara site na nzukọ ndị ọkà mmụta a maara na mbụ dị ka Ecological Society of America (ESA).[2] E hiwere ESA na 1915, ma mesịa guzobe Kọmitii na-echekwa mpaghara okike maka ọmụmụ gburugburu ebe obibi, nke Victor Shelford duziri.[2][3] Ebumnuche bụ isi nke Shelford bụ ịchọta mpaghara ala ga-aba uru maka nyocha ogologo oge.[2] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1930, Shelford na ndị ọrụ ibe ya dịka Aldo Leopold nọgidere na-achọ ịkwado nchekwa.[2] Nkewa n'echiche gbasara agụmakwụkwọ ma ọ bụ nkwado mere ka Society gbasaa kọmitii ahụ na 1946, Shelford na ndị ọrụ ibe ya guzobere Njikọ Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Okike.[2][4] Ìgwè nke ikpeazụ ahụ mechara were aha "The Nature Conservancy", na-eṅomi ụlọ ọrụ Britain nke aha ahụ, nke na-achụso ọrụ nke ichekwa oghere na ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa. E debanyere aha Nature Conservancy na United States dị ka nzukọ na-enweghị uru na October 22, 1951.[4]

Ka nzukọ ahụ na-eto, nzukọ ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịzụta ọtụtụ ala dị ka o kwere mee n'aha nchedo na obere nnyocha sayensị emere n'ala tupu a zụta ya.[2] Patrick Noonan jere ozi dị ka onye isi ala site na 1973 ruo 1980 ma na-ebute ụzọ n'inweta ala, ịnakọta ego na uto nke mmemme steeti.[5] N'afọ 1970, nzukọ ahụ goro onye ọrụ sayensị mbụ ya, Robert E. Jenkins Jr., onye nyeere nzukọ ahụ aka ilekwasị anya n'ọrụ ya iji chekwaa ọdịiche dị iche iche.[5][2] Site na nkwado Noonan, na 1974 Jenkins malitere iso gọọmentị steeti na-arụkọ ọrụ iji mepụta ndepụta steeti site na steeti nke na-achịkọta ma na-echekwa data na "ihe" nke okike (dịka ụdị dị iche iche na obodo okike) na "ihe ndị na-eme" (ebe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ ebe ha na-eme), nke mechara ghọọ Natural Heritage Network, netwọk nke mmemme ihe nketa nke steeti.[5][2]

Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ

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Nature Conservancy nke Tennessee William B. Clark Sr. Nature Preserve na Wolf River na Rossville, Tennessee

 

A na-ewere Clymer Meadow Preserve nke ndị na-elekọta dị ka otu n'ime ihe atụ ole na ole na ndị kachasị echekwa nke Texas Blackland Prairie (ógbè gburugburu ebe obibi) fọdụrụ.

Mgbalị ndị Nature Conservancy gụnyere nchedo na North America, Central America, na South America, Africa, Pacific Rim, Caribbean, na Eshia.[6]

North America: ọrụ ndị a họọrọ

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The Nature Conservancy na onye mmekọ nchedo ya, Pronatura Peninsula Yucatán, iji kwụsị mgbukpọ ọhịa na ala onwe onye na gburugburu 1.8 nde acre (7,300 km2) Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, n'akụkụ ókèala Guatemala na Mexico. Ha kwadoro nchebe nke 370,000 acres (1,500 km2) nke oké ọhịa na Calakmul.[7] Na mmemme ọzọ, TNC na-arụ ọrụ iji chebe ebe obibi anụ ọhịa na Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

N'afọ 2007, Nature Conservancy zụrụ 161,000-acre (650 km2) nke ọhịa New York site na Finch Paper Holdings LLC maka $ 110 nde, nnukwu ịzụta ya na steeti ahụ.[8][9] Na June 2008, The Nature Conservancy na The Trust for Public Land kwupụtara na ha ruru nkwekọrịta ịzụta ihe dịka 320,000 acres (1,300 km2) nke ọdịda anyanwụ Montana ọhịa site na Plum Creek Timber Company maka $ 510 nde. Azụmaahịa ahụ, nke a maara dị ka Montana Legacy Project, bụ akụkụ nke mgbalị iji mee ka ọhịa ndị a nọgide na-arụ ọrụ na njikwa osisi na-arụpụta ihe ma chebe mmiri dị ọcha na ọtụtụ azụ na ebe obibi anụ ọhịa, ka ọ na-akwalite ohere ọha na eze na-aga n'ihu na ala ndị a maka ịkụ azụ, ịga ije, ịchụ nta na ntụrụndụ ndị ọzọ.[10][11][12] Dị ka ihe na-esote, na 2015 The Nature Conservancy mere azụmahịa nde $ 134 iji zụta 165,073 acres - 257 square miles - nke oké ọhịa, osimiri na ebe obibi anụ ọhịa na Cascade Mountain Range nke Washington na Blackfoot River Valley na Montana. Conservancy nwetakwara ala a site na Plum Creek, gụnyere 47,921 acres na Yakima River Headwaters na Washington na 117,152 acres na Lower Blackfoot River Watershed na Montana.[13][14]

Nature United bụ onye mmekọ Canada nke The Nature Conservancy. E hiwere Nature United dị ka ọrụ ebere nke Canada na 2014, na-ewulite ọtụtụ iri afọ nke nchekwa na Canada. N'ịbụ nke nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ na Toronto, nzukọ ahụ nwere ndị ọrụ ubi dị na mba ahụ. Nature United na-akwado idu ndú ụmụ amaala, mmepe akụ na ụba na-adịgide adịgide, na nchekwa buru ibu, karịsịa na Great Bear Rainforest, Clayoquot Sound, Northwest Territories, na ugwu Manitoba.[15]

Afrịka

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N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2015, The Nature Conservancy kwupụtara mmezu nke mgbanwe ụgwọ mbụ na Seychelles maka nchekwa oké osimiri. Ebe ọhụrụ a na-echebe na-abawanye mmiri mmiri a na-echekwa na mba ahụ site na ihe na-erughị pasent 1 ruo ihe karịrị pasent 30 gụnyere nkwado maka ịmepụta mpaghara nke abụọ kachasị echekwa mmiri na Western Indian Ocean.[16] E mere ka nkwekọrịta mgbanwe ụgwọ ahụ nwee ike site na mmekorita ya na Ministry of Finance nke Seychelles, nkwado nke mba ndị ji ụgwọ gụnyere France, na enyemaka sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ onwe onye nke Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation na-edu.[17]

Ọ bụ ndị na-etinye ego na Nature Conservancy nke a na-akpọ NatureVest haziri ego maka mgbalị a.[18][19] E mepụtara NatureVest na 2014 site na nkwado nkwado ntọala site na JPMorgan Chase na ebumnuche ekwupụtara nke inweta na itinye ọrụ ọ dịkarịa ala $ 1 ijeri nke itinye ego maka nsonaazụ nchekwa a na-atụle karịa afọ atọ.[20][21] Maka ọrụ ha na nhazi ụgwọ Seychelles, e nyere The Nature Conservancy na JPMorgan Chase FT / ITC Transformational Business Award for Achievement in Transformational Finance. Financial Times na World Bank's International Finance Corporation (IFC) na-enye onyinye ahụ maka ihe ngwọta na-emepe emepe maka nsogbu mmepe.[22]

Kụọ ọtụtụ ijeri osisi

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Mgbalị "Plant a Billion Trees" nke Nature Conservancy bụ mgbalị ịkụ otu ijeri osisi gafee ụwa n'oké ọhịa nwere nnukwu mkpa ma na-arụ ọrụ ruo afọ 15 ịkụ osisi na Brazil, China, Colombia, Guatemala, Kenya, Tanzania, Mexico, na United States.[23][24] Dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa ahụ n'ozuzu ya, The Nature Conservancy kwere nkwa ịkụ osisi nde 25 dị ka akụkụ nke mmalite nke United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) 's Billion Tree Campaign.[25] Mgbasa ozi a na-agba ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na òtù ume ịkụ osisi nke ha gburugburu ụwa ma dekọọ omume a na weebụsaịtị dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ.[26] Mgbasa ozi ya "Plant a Billion Trees" na Brazil na-ezube iweghachi Oké ọhịa Atlantic nke Brazil site n'ịkụ osisi ala na 2.5 nde acres nke e gburu.[27]

Ọrụ

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N'afọ 2012, onye bụbu onye isi ala Brian McPeek n'ọrụ ya n'oge ahụ dị ka Chief Operating Officer, bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ikike nke ala dị hekta 10 maka onyinye mbụ iji guzobe Everglades Headwaters National Wildlife Refuge na Florida
Christie Boser in the field
Christie Boser si na The Nature Conservancy na ihe atụ nke Urocyon littoralis, obere nkịta ọhịa nke dị na Channel Islands nke California

The Nature Conservancy nwere ihe karịrị otu nde ndị otu n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erule afọ 2021.[28][29] As of 2014, ọ bụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru na gburugburu ebe obibi site na akụ na ego a na-enweta na Amerịka.[30]

Nnukwu mmekọrịta azụmahịa

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Nature Conservancy nwere njikọ na ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, gụnyere ndị dị na mmanụ, gas, igwu ala, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal na ọrụ ugbo.[31] As of 2016 n'afọ 2016, ndị nduzi ya gụnyere onye isi oche lara ezumike nká nke Duke Energy, na ndị isi si Merck, HP, Google na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ego.[32] O nwekwara Kansụl Azụmaahịa nke ọ na-akọwa dị ka nzukọ ndụmọdụ nke gụnyere Bank of America, BP America, Chevron, Coca-Cola, Dow Chemical, Duke Energy, General Mills, Royal Dutch Shell, na Starbucks.[33] Nzukọ ahụ chere nkatọ ihu na 2010 site n'aka ndị na-akwado ya maka ịjụ ịkwụsị mmekọrịta ya na BP mgbe mmanụ Gulf wụpụrụ.[34][35]

Onye edemede na onye na-eme ihe ike Naomi Klein akatọwo The Nature Conservancy n'ụzọ siri ike maka inweta ego site na olulu mmanụ n'ala ọ na-achịkwa na Texas na maka mmekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala.[36] The Nature Conservancy zaghachiri site n'ikwu na ọ nweghị ihe ọzọ ọ ga-eme n'okpuru usoro nkwekọrịta ọ bịanyere aka na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas ọtụtụ afọ gara aga ma mesịa kwaa ụta.[36]

N'afọ 2020, Bloomberg bipụtara otu isiokwu na-azọrọ na ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ (dị ka JPMorgan Chase, Disney, na BlackRock) na-azụta ego carbon site na The Nature Conservancy na-azọpụta ego carbon maka ọhịa ndị na-achọghị nchebe.

N'afọ 2021, The Nature Conservancy jikọrọ aka na Amazon iji kwụọ ndị ọrụ ugbo nọ n'ógbè ahụ ụgwọ maka iweghachi na ichebe oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo na Para, Brazil.[37]

N'afọ 2022, otu ìgwè nke 158 nchedo, gburugburu ebe obibi, na ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha na eze bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi ghere oghe nye onye isi oche nke Conservancy, Jennifer Morris, na-ebo ebubo na The Nature Conservancy kwadoro oke ọdịmma osisi na ojiji nke ngwaahịa osisi dị ka ihe ngwọta ihu igwe. TNC bụ onye otu Forest Climate Working Group n'akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ ngwaahịa osisi dị ka Weyerhaeuser na Enviva, na òtù ndị ọzọ na-echekwa ihe dị ka Trust for Public Land and American Forests.[38][39]

Ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na ịza ajụjụ

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The Charity Navigator nyere The Nature Conservancy akara kpakpando atọ n'ozuzu ya, akara ego kpakpando abụọ na ọkwa ịza ajụjụ na ngosipụta kpakpando anọ, site na kpakpando niile, maka afọ mmefu ego 2019.[40]

Ịchụ nta

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Dị ka ọtụtụ nnukwu òtù gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka Sierra Club na World Wildlife Fund, Conservancy gụnyere ikike maka ịchụ nta na igbu azụ n'ime iwu nchịkwa ya. Nzukọ ahụ anaghị amachibido ịchụ nta ma ọ bụ igbu azụ kpamkpam mana ọ na-agbanwe iwu ịchụ nta na igbu azụ.[41]

Mbipụta

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Nzukọ ahụ na-ebipụta magazin The Nature Conservancy ( ; mbipụta isii kwa afọ).

Ịzụlite ya

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E nweela ebubo na The Nature Conservancy na-enweta ala ma na-ere ya ọzọ na uru, mgbe ụfọdụ na ndị na-akwado ya na mgbe ụfọdụ na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ha ohere ịsị na ha ga-akwụ ụtụ isi.[42][43][44] The Nature Conservancy na-ekwu na uru sitere na ahịa dị otú ahụ na-enye ohere ka The Nature Conservency mụbaa nchekwa ya nke ihe Nature Conservance na-ekwu bụ ebe ndị dị mkpa karị.[45]

Ihe ngosi

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Arụmụka

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Arụmụka maka azụmahịa ala

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N'afọ 2003, Washington Post gbara usoro nyocha gbasara Nchekwa Nature na ebubo nke mmekọ na-ezighi ezi yana ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma nke Nature Conservancy gbara aka. N'otu akụkụ, Post boro ebubo na Conservancy nwere, ugboro ugboro, zụtara traktị ala dị ịrịba ama nke gburugburu ebe obibi, tinye ụfọdụ mmachi mmepe wee resere ndị na-elekọta ụlọ na ndị na-akwado ya n'ọnụ ahịa mbelata nke ukwuu. Ire ahịa ahụ bụ akụkụ nke mmemme na-egbochi mmepe intrusive mana n'ozuzu na-enye ndị na-azụ ahịa ohere iwu ụlọ n'ala ahụ. Ndị na-azụ ahịa ahụ nyeziri ego Conservancy nke dabara na ọnụ ahịa mbelata. Nke ahụ nyere ndị nwe ọhụrụ ohere iwepụta ụtụ isi dị ukwuu maka onyinye afọ ofufo.[46][47]

The Nature Conservancy kwụsịtụrụ usoro dị iche iche n'oge na-adịghị anya akụkọ ndị ahụ gbasasịrị gụnyere ire ahịa ndị a, na-enye ndị ụlọ ọrụ ikike ikike ya akara ngosi nke ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị isi oche nọ ọdụ na kọmitii na-achị Conservancy na kansụl, osisi ọhụrụ niile na "ọrụ mmịpụta akụrụngwa" ndị ọzọ dị ka mkpọ mmanụ na gas. ọdịdị ya na-echekwa, na mgbazinye ego ọhụrụ niile nye ndị ọrụ. Conservancy weputara nyocha nke onwe ya nke weputara akụkọ ikpeazụ ya na 2004, na-akpọ maka mgbanwe mgbanwe iji mee ka Conservancy bụrụ ihe atụ nke ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ omume maka ndị otu anaghị akwụ ụgwọ.[48]

Nnyocha nke iyi egwu mmekọahụ

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Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche The Nature Conservancy otu afọ, Brian McPeek gbara arụkwaghịm na Mee 31, 2019, mgbe akụkọ gbasara nyocha ime nke iyi egwu mmekọahụ nke Politico kpugheere na ndị isi abụọ ndị ọzọ mechara chụrụ dabere na nchoputa ya. Na June 7, 2019, Mark Tercek, Onye isi ala kemgbe 2008, kwuputara arụkwaghịm ya na arụkwaghịm nke McPeek. Na June 10, Luis Solorzano, onye isi isi nke The Nature Conservancy's Florida nke dabeere na Caribbean, ghọrọ onye isi nke ise hapụrụ nzukọ a. Na June 11, onye isi oche bọọdụ Nature Conservancy Thomas J. Tierney mara ọkwa na onye otu bọọdụ na onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ nke ime ime US Sally Jewell ga-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nwa oge, na-arụ ọrụ na Septemba 2019.[49]

Hụkwa

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Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Yachnin (2021-08-27). Could 'non-use' rights boost conservation lands? (en-US). E&E News. Archived from the original on August 15, 2022. Retrieved on 2022-08-15.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Adams (2006). The Future of the Wild. Beacon Press, 51–54. ISBN 978-0-8070-8537-0. 
  3. ↑ About Us. The Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NC-History
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Birchard (2005). Nature's Keepers. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 0-7879-7158-8. 
  6. ↑ Where We Work | The Nature Conservancy. Nature.org. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  7. ↑ Adams (November 13, 2004). Plan would protect swath of Yucatán forest. San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved on June 25, 2015.
  8. ↑ Global Solutions. Conservationgateway.org. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  9. ↑ The Nature Conservancy Purchases 161,000 acres in New York. The Land Report (August 2007). Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  10. ↑ Nature Conservancy News Room – The Forestl. Nature.org. Archived from the original on May 1, 2010. Retrieved on February 21, 2014.
  11. ↑ Conservationists Go Big in Montana –Land&People | The Trust for Public Land. Tpl.org (June 12, 2006). Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  12. ↑ The Montana Legacy Project — Northwest Connections. Northwestconnections.org (June 30, 2008). Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  13. ↑ Forests for America's Future | The Nature Conservancy. Nature.org (January 15, 2016). Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  14. ↑ Gunther. "Behind one of the Nature Conservancy's largest ever forest purchases | Guardian Sustainable Business", The Guardian. Retrieved on 2020-12-08.
  15. ↑ Who We Are (en-CA). Nature United. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved on 2021-05-24.
  16. ↑ Seychelles to protect more than 400,000 square kilometers of Ocean – Reef Builders | The Reef and Marine Aquarium Blog. Reef Builders (March 18, 2016). Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  17. ↑ LDF Supports First Ever Debt-for-Nature Swap in Seychelles – Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation : Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation. Leonardodicaprio.org (March 15, 2016). Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  18. ↑ Seychelles Debt Restructuring | NatureVest. Naturevesttnc.org (June 20, 2014). Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  19. ↑ Nature Conservancy Debt Swap to Finance Conservation in Seychelles | News | PND. Philanthropynewsdigest.org (February 26, 2015). Archived from the original on September 21, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  20. ↑ About Us | NatureVest. Naturevesttnc.org. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  21. ↑ Why TNC and JPMorgan Chase are investing $1 billion in nature. GreenBiz.com (April 29, 2014). Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  22. ↑ FT/IFC Transformational Business Awards organised by FT Live. Live.ft.com. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  23. ↑ Staff Writer. Plant a Billion Trees. The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved on 13 May 2023.
  24. ↑ Plant A Billion Trees – restore, plant, protect – with The Nature Conservancy. Plantabillion.org. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved on February 2, 2013.
  25. ↑ Conservation & Green News | The Nature Conservancy. Nature.org. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved on February 2, 2013.
  26. ↑ Plant a Billion (en-US). Plant a Billion Trees. Archived from the original on May 14, 2020. Retrieved on 2020-06-01.
  27. ↑ Watson (2009). CauseWired: Plugging In, Getting Involved, Changing the World. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 48–49. ISBN 978-0470460108. 
  28. ↑ Donate to our mission. The Nature Conservancy (1 January 2021). Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved on 28 February 2021.
  29. ↑ Who we are. The Nature Conservancy Australia. Archived from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved on 28 February 2021.
  30. ↑ The 200 Largest U.S. Charities List: Environment/Animal. Forbes. Archived from the original on February 15, 2014. Retrieved on February 21, 2014.
  31. ↑ Working with Companies – Companies We Work With | The Nature Conservancy. Nature.org. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  32. ↑ Board of Directors Member Profiles | The Nature Conservancy. Nature.org. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  33. ↑ Business Council | The Nature Conservancy. Nature.org (July 1, 2016). Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  34. ↑ Nature Conservancy faces potential backlash from ties with BP. Washingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  35. ↑ "Reaching for a longer spoon", The Economist, June 3, 2010. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Gillis. "Group Earns Oil Income Despite Pledge on Drilling", The New York Times, August 4, 2014. Retrieved on September 15, 2016.
  37. ↑ Freedman (2021-09-07). Amazon, Nature Conservancy launch initiative to help preserve the Amazonian rainforest (en). Axios. Retrieved on 2022-08-15.
  38. ↑ Forest-Climate Working Group Policy Platform for 117th Congress | Forest Climate Working Group (en-US). Archived from the original on 2023-08-04. Retrieved on 2023-07-28.
  39. ↑ Ketcham (2022-06-29). Logging is destroying southern forests — and dividing US environmentalists (en-us). Grist. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved on 2022-10-11.
  40. ↑ Rating for The Nature Conservancy. Charity Navigator. Archived from the original on September 3, 2016. Retrieved on November 2, 2016.
  41. ↑ The Nature Conservancy's Position on Hunting and Fishing. The Nature Conservancy (April 2011). Archived from the original on September 6, 2019. Retrieved on October 17, 2019.
  42. ↑ Stephens. "Senators Question Conservancy's Practices", Washington Post, 2005-06-08. Retrieved on 2020-12-04.
  43. ↑ Stephens. "Charity Hiring Lawyers to Try to Prevent Hill Probe", Washington Post, 2003-05-16. Retrieved on 2020-11-30.
  44. ↑ The Chronicle of Philanthropy. October 18, 2007.
  45. ↑ Staff. "In Wake of Criticism, Nature Conservancy Changes Policies", The New York Times, June 14, 2003. Retrieved on August 11, 2014.
  46. ↑ Stephens. "Nonprofit Sells Scenic Acreage to Allies at a Loss", Washington Post, 2003-05-06. Retrieved on 2022-03-12. (in en-US)
  47. ↑ Stephens. "Charity's Land Deals To Be Scrutinized", Washington Post, 2003-05-10. Retrieved on 2022-03-12. (in en-US)
  48. ↑ Stephens. "Overhaul of Nature Conservancy Urged", Washington Post, 2004-03-31. Retrieved on 2022-05-18. (in en-US)
  49. ↑ Colman (2019-06-11). Nature Conservancy taps Obama Interior secretary as interim CEO (en). POLITICO. Archived from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved on 2019-06-12.

Akwụkwọ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  • Tercek, Mark R.; Adams, Jonathan (2013) "Nature's Fortune: Otu Azụmaahịa na Ọha si Na-eto site na itinye ego na Okike". New York: Basic Books .
  • Grove, Noel; na foto nke Stephen J. Krasemann (1992). Ichebe Iden: The Nature Conservancy. New York City: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.  ISBN 0-8109-3663-1.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ezigbo Ikpo: Nkwupụta nke Onye Nchekwa. Chester, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press.  ISBN 0-87106-444-8.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ndị Na-elekọta Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass (nke Wiley bipụtara).  ISBN 0-7879-7158-8.
  • [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-agbaso omenala na-ajụ ọrụ ha". Akwụkwọ akụkọ Washington Post.
  • Stephens, Joe; Ottaway, David B. (May 4, 2003). "$420,000 kwa afọ na No-Strings Fund: Conservancy Underreported President's Pay and Perks of Office". Akwụkwọ akụkọ Washington Post.

Njikọ mpụga

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Templeeti:Conservation organisationsTempleeti:Conservation of species

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