Ndị Black Mormon

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Ndị Black Mormon
Eldridge Cleaver, onye bụbu onye isi egwuregwu nke Black Panther Party, na onye Mormon convert Eldridge cleaver Black Panther Park

Kemgbe ntọala nke okpukpe Mormon, ndị isi ojii abụwo ndị otu, agbanyeghị na chọọchị ahụ tinyere ihe mgbochi na mbọ ndị isi ojii na-agba. Tupu afọ 1978, ndị otu ojii dị obere. [citation needed] Ọ toro kemgbe ahụ, na 1997, e nwere ihe dịka ndị isi ojii 500,000 nke ụka (ihe dịka 5% nke ndị otu niile), ọtụtụ n'ime ha n'Africa, Brazil na Caribbean. __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ [ ihe odide dị mkpa ] Africa Brazil Caribbean[1] Ndị otu ojii anọgidewo na-eto nke ukwuu, ọkachasị na West Africa, ebe e wuru ụlọ nsọ abụọ. Ụlọ nsọ ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018, e mere atụmatụ na pasent 6 nke ndị otu ahụ bụ ndị isi ojii n'ụwa niile.[2] Na United States, ihe dịka 1% nke ndị otu bụ ndị isi ojii.[3][4]

Ndị Black Mormon n'Okpukpe nke Mormon[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọrụ mbụ nke ụka ahụ bụ ime ka onye ọ bụla gbanwee, n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ohu.[5] Mgbe chọọchị ahụ kwagara isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na steeti ohu nke Missouri, ha malitere ịgbanwe iwu ya. N'afọ 1833, chọọchị ahụ kwụsịrị ịnabata ndị na-acha ọbara ọbara n'efu n'ime Chọọchị ahụ n'ihi ihe ndị a na-amaghị. : 13 N'afọ 1835, iwu chọọchị kwuru na a gaghị akụziri ndị ohu ozioma na-enweghị nkwenye nna ha ukwu, n'afọ sochirinụ, a gbasaa ya ka ọ ghara ikwusa ozi ọma nye ndị ohu ruo mgbe a tọghatara ndị nwe ha. : 14 Ụfọdụ ndị isi ojii sonyeere chọọchị ahụ tupu mmachibido iwu ahụ, dị ka Joseph T. Ball, Peter Kerr, na Walker Lewis, na ndị ọzọ na ndị nna ha ukwu, gụnyere Elijah Abel na William McCary. : __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ 13 __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ : __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ 14 __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ Joseph T. Ball Peter Kerr Walker Lewis Elijah Abel William McCary[5][5]

Ndị Black Mormon na United States[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Tupu afọ 1978, mmadụ ole na ole ndị isi ojii sonyeere ụka ahụ nọgidere na-abụ ndị otu.[6] Ndị mere ya, na-enwekarị ịkpa ókè. Onyeozi Chọọchị LDS Mark E. Petersen kọwara ezinụlọ ojii nke gbalịrị isonyere Chọọchị lDS: "[ụfọdụ ndị ọcha nọ na chọọchị] gakwuuru Onye isi oche nke alaka, wee kwuo na ma ọ bụ ezinụlọ [ndị ojii] ga-apụ, ma ọ bụ ha niile ga-apụ. Mark E. Petersen Onye isi alaka ahụ kpebiri na [ezinụlọ ojii] enweghị ike ịbịa nzukọ ụka. "[7] Ịkpa ókè sikwa n'aka ndị isi ụka. N'okpuru Heber J. Grant, Onye isi oche mbụ zigara akwụkwọ ozi na onye isi ala Ezra Taft Benson na Washington D.C. na-adụ ọdụ na ọ bụrụ na "a bịakwutere ụmụ nwanyị ojii Mormon abụọ" ha ga-enwe obi ụtọ ịnọdụ n'azụ ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ka ha ghara ịkpasu ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị ọcha mere mkpesa maka ịnọdụ n" nso ha na Relief Society iwe. : 43 Ezra Taft Benson Relief Society: __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ 43[5] 

Wynetta Willis Martin[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'afọ 1970, Wynetta Willis Martin nwetara ọdịiche nke ịbụ onye Africa America mbụ nke ngalaba na Mahadum Brigham Young (BYU) na otu n'ime ndị isi ojii abụọ mbụ nke Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Brigham Young University Mormon Tabernacle Choir[8][9] Ọ nabatara ya dị ka ọrụ onwe ya iji gosipụta ụwa na e nwere n'ezie ndị Mormon Africa-America nakwa na ndị Mormon abụghị ndị na-akpa ókè agbụrụ. Ọ gara njem na ndị ukwe ruo afọ abụọ tupu ọ nabata nhọpụta ya na ngalaba na BYU. E were ya n'ọrụ na ọzụzụ nke ndị nọọsụ ma gbalịa inyere ha aka ịmatakwu ọdịbendị.[10] Banyere iwu mgbochi agbụrụ, o kwuru, sị: "Ihe abụọ a: baptizim na Mmụọ Nsọ bụ naanị ihe achọrọ, megidere nkwenkwe a ma ama, maka ịbanye n'Alaeze Eluigwe na ịnọnyere Chineke ruo mgbe ebighi ebi ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Ihe abụọ a: baptizim na Mmụọ Nsọ bụ naanị ihe achọrọ, megidere nkwenye a ma ama, maka ịbanye n'Alaeze Eluigwe na ịnọnyere Chineke ruo mgbe ebighi ebi ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ kwesịrị. Ya mere, ọgbụgba ndụ ndị ụkọchukwu nke ụlọ nsọ nke a na-ekweghị ka anyị dị n'oge a abụghị ihe dị oke mkpa dị ka nkwenkwe a ma ama si kwuo. "Ya mere, ọgbụgba ndụ ndị ụkọchukwu nke ụlọ nsọ nke a na-ekweghị ka anyị mee n'oge a abụghị ihe dị oké mkpa dị ka nkwenkwe a ma ama si kwuo[11]

Joseph Freeman, Jr.[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Joseph Freeman, Jr. bụ onye Africa America mbụ natara ọkwa ụkọchukwu Melchizedek mgbe mkpughe nke afọ 1978 gasịrị. Joseph Freeman, Jr. Melekisedek bụ ndị ụkọchukwu[12] Freeman bụkwa onye isi ojii mbụ natara iwu ụlọ ụka. Iwu ụlọ nsọ[13] Na June 23, 1978, onyeozi Thomas S. Monson mechiri Freeman na nwunye ya na ụmụ ise na Salt Lake Temple. Onyeozi ụlọ nsọ Salt Lake Thomas S. Monson[12][13]

Ndị Black Mormon na South Africa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Chọọchị ahụ malitere ịtọghata ndị ọcha na-asụ Bekee na 1853, mana ndị isi ojii South Africa ole na ole sonyeere Chọọchị LDS tupu 1978. Dunn, onye bụ nwa nke nna Scotland na nne Zulu, ekwere na ọ bụ onye isi ojii Africa mbụ a tọghatara n'Africa na 1905, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọgideghị na-arụsi ọrụ ike ruo ogologo oge.[14] Onye ọzọ a tọghatara n'oge mbụ nke ndị Afrịka bụ William Paul Daniels, onye sonyeere Chọọchị LDS na 1915 mgbe ọ na-eleta ndị ikwu ya na Utah. Ọ zutere Joseph F. Smith ọtụtụ oge tupu ọ laghachi South Africa. Joseph F. Smith[15]

N'afọ 1930, Chọọchị LDS guzobere usoro ọmụmụ iji nyere ndị ikom aka ịchọta usoro ọmụmụ ha na mba Europe iji chọpụta iru eru ha maka ịbụ ndị ụkọchukwu, na nkwado ikpeazụ maka ịnata ndị ụkọcha nke onye isi ala nyere.[16] Evan P. Wright jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke South Africa Mission 1948-1953. Wright kwupụtara onye isi oche mbụ ugboro ugboro ihe isi ike n'ịtọlite ụka n'ógbè ahụ nke mmachibido iwu chọọchị niile na-eme ka ndị ikom ojii si n'Afrịka bụrụ ndị ụkọchukwu kpatara. Nke a bụ nsogbu karịsịa n'ihi na ndị isi ọchịchị gara aga chọrọ ọbụna ndị ikom yiri ndị ọcha ka ha gosipụta enweghị ndị nna nna ojii Africa tupu a họpụta ha na ndekọ anaghị adịkarị ma ọ bụ na-ezughị ezu. E nyere ndị ozi ala ọzọ abụọ ọrụ ịrụ ọrụ na nyocha usoro ọmụmụ maka ebumnuche nke iguzobe ndị mmadụ ruru eru maka ịbụ ndị ụkọchukwu.[17] David O. McKay bụ onye isi mbụ gara South Africa na 1954, n'oge ọ gara ozi ahụ, ọ gbanwere iwu iji kwe ka ndị isi ozi ahụ kwado ka a họpụta ndị ikom na-enweghị nyocha usoro ọmụmụ ọ bụla n'ọnọdụ ebe "enweghị ihe akaebe nke inwe ọbara Negro ya n'akwara ya". David O. MacKay[18][19]

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

  • 1978 Mkpughe Banyere Ịbụ Onye Nchụàjà
  • Ndị isi ojii na okpukpe Mormon
  • Ndị isi ojii na okpukpe Mormon
  • Ndị isi ojii na ozizi ndị Mormon
  • Joseph Freeman (onye Mormon)
  • Ìgwè Jenesis
  • Okpukpe Mormon na Ndị bi n'Agwaetiti Pacific
  • Okpukpe Mormon na ịgba ohu

Ihe edeturu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ [1] quoting Deseret News 1999-2000 Church Almanac. Deseret News: Salt Lake City, UT (1998); pg. 119.
  2. ↑ Brady McCombs. "Mormons grapple with race decades after ban on black leaders".
  3. ↑ Religious Landscape Study.
  4. ↑ Religious Landscape Study.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Lester E. Bush, Jr (1973). Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview. Dialogue 8.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "BushDialogue" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ Harris. "Mindful of history, Mormon Church reaches out to minorities", The Washington Post, February 17, 2012. Retrieved on February 29, 2012. “a period of more than 120 years during which black men were essentially barred from the priesthood and few Americans of color were active in the faith.”
  7. ↑ Race Problems;— As They Affect The Church, Convention of Teachers of Religion on the College Level, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, August 27, 1954
  8. ↑ "White LDS choir gets touch of color", Arizona Republic, 22 February 1970.
  9. ↑ Fletcher Stack. "Black Mormon pioneers — a rich but forgotten legacy of faith", The Salt Lake Tribune, 22 July 2014.
  10. ↑ Martin, 1972."
  11. ↑ Martin 1972: 56, emphasis her own.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Salt Lake Tribune, 1978-06-24.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Mormonism Enters a New Era", Time, 1978-08-07.
  14. ↑ Country information: South Africa. Church News. LDS Church News (February 2010). Retrieved on 24 May 2017.
  15. ↑ LDS Church Almanac, 2010 Edition, p. 576
  16. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Monson
  17. ↑ Wright (1977). A History of the South African Mission. 
  18. ↑ H. Dean Garrett, "South Africa", in Arnold K. Garr, Donald Q. Cannon and Richard O. Cowan, ed., Encyclopedia of Latter Day Saint History, (Salt Lake City:Deseret Book, 2000), p. 1160-1161
  19. ↑ Prince (2005). David O. McKay and the rise of modern Mormonism. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press. ISBN 0-87480-822-7. 

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