Nde Nde Ọhụrụ
Ijeri Bottom Ọhụrụ na-ezo aka na nde mmadụ 960 ma ọ bụ karịa ndị ogbenye (ihe dị ka ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ndị kasị daa ogbenye n'ụwa ijeri 1.3) ndị bi na mba ndị na-emepe emepe (MICs). Dabere na nyocha nke Andy Sumner, [1] [2] onye nyocha nyocha na Institute of Development Studies, New Bottom Billion na-ewelite ajụjụ ndị siri ike banyere akwụkwọ akụkọ Paul Collier mbụ Bottom Billion, karịsịa n'ihe metụtara nkwupụta ya gbasara nkesa ala. nke ịda ogbenye zuru ụwa ọnụ . Ọ bụ ezie na Collier rụrụ ụka na a ga-achọta Billion Bottom na 60 kasị daa ogbenye ma ọ bụ karịa, [3] nyocha Sumner na-egosi na ọtụtụ ndị ogbenye ụwa bi n'ezie na MIC dị ka China, India, Nigeria na Indonesia. Ya mere ijeri New Bottom na-atụ aro na ịda ogbenye abụghị naanị nsogbu obodo dị ala (LIC), na a na-akpọkwa mkparịta ụka ọzọ maka amụma.
Ijeri Bottom New Bottom enwetala mkpuchi dị ịrịba ama n'ụdị isi mmalite dị iche iche, gụnyere The Economist, OECD Insights, na blọọgụ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche (lee Njikọ Mpụga n'okpuru).
Nchọpụta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'etiti isi nchoputa - nke dabeere na ukara World Bank data na mba classifications, ma na-na-agbanwe agbanwe gafee ego, nutritional na multidimensional ịda ogbenye jikoro (lee ihe atụ Multidimensional Ịda ogbenye Index ) - Sumner's nnyocha na-egosi na:
- Ebe MIC bụ nde 960 n'ime ijeri mmadụ 1.3 kasị daa ogbenye n'ụwa, LIC bụ naanị nde 370.
- Ihe dị ka ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị ogbenye n'ụwa na-ebi na MIC kwụsiri ike nke nnukwu esemokwu ike na-emetụtaghị. LIC ndị na-emebi emebi ugbu a bụ naanị 12% nke ndị ogbenye ụwa.
- Ihe dị ka pasent 23 nke ndị ogbenye ụwa na-ebi na steeti ndị na-esighi ike ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ ewere nkọwa zuru oke nke FCAS (mba 43), na-ekewa ha n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'etiti LICs na-adịghị ike na MIC na-esighị ike. Atụmatụ ndị gara aga gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ a dị elu karịa otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ.
- Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ijeri New Bottom bi na China na India, pasentị nke ịda ogbenye zuru ụwa ọnụ nke MIC na-ebelata China na India ka na-ebili nke ọma site na 7 pasent ruo 22 pasent kemgbe 1990.
Mkpa na ihe ọ pụtara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ijeri Bottom New dị mkpa n'ihi na:
Ọ na-ama aka n'otú anyị si ele ịda ogbenye n'ụwa anya na ihe ndị na-akpata ya. Anyị na-echebu ịda ogbenye bụ n'ihi enweghị akụrụngwa na mba 'ogbenye'. Ijeri Bottom New na-atụ aro na ịda ogbenye ụwa abụghị isi ihe gbasara akụrụngwa maka ọtụtụ ndị ogbenye ụwa; ọ bụ maka ahaghị nhata - ndị ogbenye bi na mba ndị na-abụghịzị 'ogbenye' n'ọchịchị.
Ọ na-agbagha oke enyemaka na ụzọ ndị na-enye onyinye na ndị NGO si eme maka mbelata ịda ogbenye. Anyị na-echebu enyemaka bụ azịza nke ịda ogbenye. Ọ bụrụ na ọtụtụ mba adịkwaghị 'ogbenye' n'ihu ọha mgbe ahụ oke nke enyemaka chọrọ nyocha ngwa ngwa zuru ụwa ọnụ. Nke a nwere ike ịpụta na ọchịchị na ụtụ isi ụlọ na nkesa ga-adị mkpa karịa enyemaka mmepe gọọmentị (ODA). [4]
Ọ na-agbanwe otú anyị si ele mba ndị na-emepe emepe anya. E nwerebu ụwa bara ọgaranya ma ọ bụ 'mepere emepe' na ogbenye ma ọ bụ 'ụwa na-emepe emepe', mana nchọpụta ndị a na-egosi na ọ bụ naanị mba 39 'ogbenye' fọdụrụ, na ọtụtụ mba 'na-emepe emepe' (mba 102) abụghịzi ọchịchị. 'ogbenye'.
Isi mmalite[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Sumner, A. (2010a) 'Global Poverty and the New Bottom Billion: Three-quarters of the World's Poor Live in Middle-income Countries', IDS Working Paper 349, Brighton: Institute of Development Studies. Retrieved 3 January 2011
- ↑ Sumner, A. (2010b) 'Global Poverty and the New Bottom Billion: What if Three-Quarters of the World's Poor Live in Middle-Income Countries?', IPC-UNDP Working Paper 74, Brasilia: IPC-UNDP. Retrieved 3 January 2011
- ↑ Collier, P. (2007) The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It, New York: Oxford University Press
- ↑ Glennie, J. (2010) 'Which bottom billion?', The Guardian Datablog. Retrieved 3 January 2011
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Akụkọ
- The Economist, "Ịtụ Ụbịam Ụwa Nile: Nsogbu onye ugbu a?" Septemba 30, 2010
- OECD Nghọta, "Olee ebe ijeri ndị ala bi" Nov 2 2010
- Voice of America, "Ijeri ala ala ọhụrụ: Ebee ka ndị ogbenye ụwa nọ?" Ọkt 24, 2010
- Fox News, "China na-ebili ma na-ebili, ma ka na-enweta enyemaka mba ọzọ dị ukwuu, ụfọdụ ndị na-enye onyinye na-eche ihe kpatara ya" Sept 25, 2010
- The Guardian, "Kedu ijeri ala?"
- The Independent, "Adrian Hamilton: ịda ogbenye zuru ụwa ọnụ abụghị ihe ọ bụ", Sept 23, 2010
- Global Dashboard, "Ndị ogbenye ụwa anọghị ebe anyị chere na ha nọ" Sept 23, 2010
- Daily Star (Bangladesh), "Nnukwu mgbapụ" Nov 28, 2010
- Times of India, "Ndị ogbenye ụwa na India na-aga n'ihu na-akpata ego etiti" Dec 26, 2010