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Ngụkọta nke ihe ndị a gbazere agbaze

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Mmiri mineral a na-etinye n'ime karama na-enwekarị ọkwa TDS dị elu karịa Mmiri pọmpụ.

Total dissolved solids (TDS) bụ ihe atụ nke ihe niile a na-agwakọta agwakọta nke ihe niile na-adịghị ndụ na ihe ndị dị na mmiri dị na mmiri, ionized, ma ọ bụ micro-granular (colloidal sol) kwụsịtụrụ. A na-atụkarị TDS n'akụkụ kwa nde (ppm). Enwere ike ịlele TDS [1] mmiri site na iji mita dijitalụ.

N'ozuzu, nkọwa ọrụ bụ na ihe siri ike ga-adị ntakịrị iji lanarị nzacha site na nzacha nwere oghere 2-micrometer (nha nha ma ọ bụ nta). A na-ekwukarị mkpokọta ihe siri ike gbazere naanị maka sistemụ mmiri dị ọhụrụ, ebe salinity gụnyere ụfọdụ ion ndị mejupụtara nkọwa nke TDS. Ngwa kachasị nke TDS bụ n'ịmụta ogo mmiri maka iyi, osimiri, na ọdọ mmiri. Ọ bụ ezie na a naghị elekarị TDS anya dị ka onye na-emetọ ihe bụ isi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, a naghị ele ya anya na ọ na-emetụta mmetụta ahụike), a na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-egosi àgwà ọma nke mmiri ọṅụṅụ na dịka nchịkọta nchịkọta nke ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ ihe na-emerụ ahụ. .

Isi mmalite maka TDS n'inweta mmiri bụ mmiri na-asọpụta nke ugbo na ebe obibi (ime obodo) mmiri mmiri, mmiri ugwu nwere ụrọ, nsị nke mmetọ ala, na isi iyi mmetọ mmiri na-esi na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ma ọ bụ nsị mmiri. Ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ a na-ahụkarị bụ calcium, phosphates, nitrates, sodium, potassium, na chloride, bụ́ ndị a na-ahụ na mmiri mmiri na-edozi ahụ́, oké mmiri ozuzo n'ozuzu na mmiri na-asọpụta site na ihu igwe snow bụ ebe a na-etinye nnu na-ekpochapụ ice n'okporo ụzọ. Kemịkalụ nwere ike ịbụ cations, anions, molecules ma ọ bụ agglomerations n'usoro nke otu puku mkpụrụ ndụ ma ọ bụ ole na ole, ma ọ bụrụhaala na etolite micro-granule soluble. Ihe ndị ọzọ dị egwu na nke na-emerụ ahụ nke TDS bụ ọgwụ na-egbu egbu na-esite na mpụta mmiri n'elu. Ụfọdụ ihe siri ike gbazere n'okike na-esite na ihu igwe na mgbaze nke okwute na ala. United States ehiwela ụkpụrụ ogo mmiri nke abụọ nke 500 mg/L iji nye maka ịdị mma nke mmiri ọñụnụ. 

A na-ekewapụta ihe ndị siri ike a gbazere agbaze site na ihe ndị siri elu a kwụsịtụrụ (TSS), n'ihi na nke ikpeazụ ahụ enweghị ike ịgafe site na sieve nke 2 micrometers ma ka a kwụsiri ike na ngwọta. Okwu [2] na-akpọ solids na-ezo aka na ihe ọ bụla nke na-agaghị akwụsị ma ọ bụ gbazee na tankị na-enweghị ike ịkwaga, ma wepụ ma TDS na TSS. Ihe siri ike nwere ike ịgụnye ihe buru ibu ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ na-adịghị agwakọta.

Ngụkọta nke ihe siri ike a gbazere agbaze gụnyere ma ihe siri ike na-adịghị agbaze agbaze. Ihe siri ike na-efe efe bụ ndị nwere ike ịgafe n'ụzọ dị mfe site na ihe siri ike gaa na ọnọdụ gas. A ghaghị ime ka ihe siri ike na-adịghị efe efe na-ekpo ọkụ ruo n'okpomọkụ dị elu, nke a na-ahụkarị 550 °C, iji nweta mgbanwe ọnọdụ a.  Ihe atụ nke ihe ndị [3]-adịghị efe efe na-agụnye nnu na shuga.

Ịtụle

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Mita TDS nke dabeere na conductivity n'ime iko mmiri

Ụzọ a[4] bụ isi iji tụọ ngụkọta ihe siri ike bụ nyocha gravimetric na conductivity. Ụzọ Gravimetric bụ nke kachasị mma ma na-agụnye ime ka mmiri na-agbanye mmiri ma tụọ oke nke ihe fọdụrụnụ. Usoro a bụ nke kachasị mma, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ewe oge. Ọ bụrụ na nnu ndị na-adịghị n'ahụ na-agụnye ọtụtụ TDS, usoro ndị dabeere na conductivity kwesịrị ekwesị.

Conductivity nke mmiri nwere njikọ kpọmkwem na njupụta nke ihe siri ike ionized. Ion ndị a na-enye ohere ka mmiri na-eduzi ọkụ eletrik. Enwere ike ịlele ọkụ eletrik a site na iji mita conductivity mita ọ bụ Mita TDS. Mgbe ejikọtara ya na nyocha TDS nke ụlọ nyocha, conductivity na-enye uru dị ka uru maka ntinye TDS, nke nwere ihe dị ka 10% ziri ezi.

Maka ụmụ anụmanụ ala, ọkụkọ na-enwekarị oke elu dị nchebe nke TDS nke ihe dịka 2900 mg / L, ebe a na-atụle ehi ehi na-enweghị nchebe nke ihe dịka 7100 mg / L.   Nnyocha egosiwo [5] ikpughe na TDS na-agbakwunye nsị mgbe ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka nrụgide dị, dị ka pH na-adịghị mma, oke turbidity, ma ọ bụ mbelata oxygen a gbazere agbaze na nrụgide nke ikpeazụ na-arụ ọrụ naanị n'ihe gbasara Animalia.

Na mba ndị nwere mmiri mgbata na-adịghị mma/adịghị ọcha, ndị ọkachamara na-enyocha TDS nke mmiri ọñụñụ mgbe mgbe iji tụọ ka ngwaọrụ RO/Water Filtration ha si arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ọ bụ ezie na ọgụgụ TDS agaghị enye azịza maka ọnụọgụ microorganisms dị na nlele mmiri, ha nwere ike nweta ezi echiche maka arụmọrụ nke nzacha site na ole TDS dị.

Nchịkọta mmiri

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[6] Enwere ike ịkewa mmiri site na ọkwa nke ngụkọta nke ihe siri ike (TDS) na mmiri:

  • Mmiri dị ọcha: TDS erughị 1,000 ppm 
  • Mmiri nnu: TDS = 1,000 ruo 10,000 ppm 
  • Mmiri nnu: TDS = 10,000 ruo 35,000 ppm 
  • Hypersaline: TDS karịrị 35,000 ppm 

Mmiri ọṅụṅụ n'ozuzu ya nwere TDS n'okpuru 500 ppm.  Mmiri dị ọcha TDS dị elu bụ ihe a na-aṅụ mana ụtọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-adịghị mma.

Hụkwa

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  • Mmiri ozuzo acid
  • Mmiri na-asọba n'elu
  • Banyere mita:
    • Mita EC
    • Mita pH
    • Salinometer

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ What Is The Acceptable Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Level In Drinking Water?. The Berkey. Retrieved on 2020-02-22.
  2. ↑ DeZuane (1997). Handbook of Drinking Water Quality, 2nd, John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-28789-X. 
  3. ↑ Wetzel, R. G. (2001). Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems. San Diego: Academic Press.
  4. ↑ Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): EPA Method 160.1 (Gravimetric, Dried at 180 deg. C). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1999-11-16). Archived from the original on 2016-02-23.
  5. ↑ Hogan (August 1973). "Statistical Prediction of Dynamic Thermal Equilibrium Temperatures using Standard Meteorological Data Bases". Retrieved on 2016-02-15.  Environmental Protection Technology Series. Document No. EPA-660/2-73-003.
  6. ↑ Saline Water and Salinity | U.S. Geological Survey.
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