Nicolò Brancaleon
Nicolò Brancaleon (c.1460 - mgbe 1526) bụ onye na-ese ihe a mụrụ na Venice, onye nka ya na-enwe mmetụta doro anya na Ethiopia site na ọchịchị Baeda Maryam gaa n'ihu. N'oge ndụ ya na Ethiopia, a na-akpọkarị ya "Marqorewos".
Achọpụtabeghị ihe akaebe nke ndụ ya tupu ọ rute Etiopia, dị ka Paul B. Henze si kwuo.[1] E. A. Wallis Budge, n'okwu mmalite ya na mbipụta nke abụọ nke nsụgharị ya nke Kebra Nagast, na-ekwu na Brancaleon bụ onye mọnk bịara Etiopia iji mee ka Eze Ukwu Zara Yaqob chegharia, ma gbakwa Abba Giyorgis ụka ọtụtụ ugboro n'ihe gbasara okpukpe; (Wallis Budge nwere ike icheta nkwupụta James Bruce banyere onye mmegide Abba Giyorgis na arụmụka okpukpe ahụ, "A gwaghị anyị aha onye na-emegide Abba George, mana a na-eche na ọ bụ onye Venetian na-ese ihe, onye biri ọtụtụ afọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị na Abyssinia, ma, ekwere na ọ nwụrụ n'ebe ahụ - na-akọwa ya dị ka Brancaleon na ihe odide ala ala ala ala.[2][3])Francisco Álvares, onye zutere Brancaleon mgbe ọ na-eso onye nnọchi anya Portuguese na ozi ya na Lebna Dengel na 1520s, dere na "ha na-ekwu na ọ bụ onye mọnk tupu ọ bịa mba a".[4]
Brancaleon rutere Etiopia n'etiti 1480 na 1482, dị ka akụkọ nke Francesco Suriano, onye gara mba ahụ, dere n'afọ na-esote ya Mgbe ọ bịarutere n'ụlọ ikpe nke Eze Ukwu (onye mara ụlọikwuu na Barar n'oge ahụ, nke O.G.S. Crawford dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Addis Ababa nke oge a), Suriano hụrụ ndị Europe iri na anọ ndị bi n'ụlọ ikpe ahụ, n'etiti ha bụ "Master Nicolo Branchalion".[5]
Ka ọ na-erule oge Álvares zutere Brancaleon, onye na-ese ihe bara ọgaranya ma bụrụ onye ama ama na Ethiopia - ọ bụ ezie na Eze Ukwu machibidoro ya ịhapụ mba ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule n'oge a, ọ tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ ma bụrụ onye a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na nkà ya n'ise ihe oyiyi, igosi akwụkwọ, na ịchọ ụlọ ụka mma. "Ihe oyiyi Brancaleon nke ọnwụ nke Saint George na nke ọrụ ebube nke Virgin Mary nọgidere na-ewu ewu ruo na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ."[6]
Ọrụ ya a maara nke ọma bụ eserese nke Madonna and Child nke mere ka ụlọ ụka Atronsa Maryam maa mma, nke kpatara ọtụtụ esemokwu. Beckingham na Huntingford, na ndetu ha na nsụgharị ha nke akụkọ Álvares, kwughachiri akụkọ sitere na Paris Chronicle na ọrụ Brancaleon
- kpasuru ndị Etiopia iwe nke ukwuu n'ihi na e jidere Nwa ahụ n'aka ekpe nke Nne Ya, a na-ewere aka ekpe dị ka nke dị ala karịa aka nri. (Ma enwere ọtụtụ foto ndị Etiopia ebe a na-ebu Nwa ahụ n'aka ekpe, ọ pụkwara ịbụ na n'ọnọdụ a, e gosipụtara ya n'ezie n'aka nri, nke a na-ahụ site n'ihu nwere ike ịkọwa dị ka "aka ekpe".)[7]
Otú ọ dị, eserese ahụ dịgidere ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ ruo mgbe e bibiri ya na 1704, ya na ụka, site na mwakpo Oromo.
N'afọ 1973, onye njem Diana Spencer chọpụtara ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke ọrụ Brancaleon na Wafa Yesus na ebe obibi ndị mọnk dị nso nke Getisamani na Goncha Gorge, gụnyere ọrụ nke onye mmụta Etiopia a na-amaghị ama. Henze na-akọ na ya na Stanislaw Chojnacki kwadoro na ọrụ ndị a lanarịrị oge Derg. "Ọ bụ ezie na amụtala ọtụtụ ihe banyere nka okpukpe Etiopia n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ọ ka bụ ngalaba ịma aka ebe o yikarịrị ka a ga-achọpụta ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa. "[1]
Brancaleon bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na narị afọ nke iri na ise ole si Ethiopia nke a maara aha ya, na mgbakwunye na onye na-ese ihe na-ese ihe na ethiopian Fere Seyon
Ebensidee[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Paul B. Henze, Layers of Time, A History of Ethiopia (New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 80.
- ↑ E.A. Wallis Budge, The Queen of Sheba and Her Only Son Menyelek (I) or, The Kebra Nagast, second edition (London: 1932)
- ↑ James Bruce, Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile (1805 edition), vol. 3, p. 100
- ↑ Francisco Alvarez, The Prester John of the Indies translated by C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford (Cambridge: Hakluyt Society, 1961), p. 313.
- ↑ O.G.S. Crawford, Ethiopian Itineraries, circa 1400–1524 (Cambridge: Hakluyt Society, 1958), pp. 40–54.
- ↑ Jacques Mercier, "Ethiopian Art History" in Ethiopian Art: The Walters Museum (London: Third Millennium, 2001), p. 56
- ↑ Alvarez, Prester John, p. 332 n.2