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Nkwado ugbo

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Nkwenye n'ugbo bụ asambodo ngwaahịa maka ngwaahịa ọrụ ugbo nke na-emesi ụkpụrụ nke mmesi obi ike. Ihe e mesiri ike na mmesi obi ike dị mma pụtara na, na mgbakwunye na nyocha ngwaahịa, atụmatụ mmesi obi ike nke ugbo nwere ike ịgụnye ụkpụrụ na asambodo maka traceability, ụzọ mmepụta, ụgbọ njem, na akụrụngwa..[1]

Atụmatụ mmesi obi ike ugbo niile na-azọrọ na ha na-ahụ maka ụkpụrụ dị elu nke ọdịmma anụmanụ, ọ bụ ezie na enwere nnukwu ọdịiche na ihe achọrọ metụtara otu esi elekọta anụmanụ na nlekọta.[2]

Na United Kingdom na Australia anyị, mmemme mmesi obi ike ugbo ndị dị mkpa dabere na usoro njikwa dị mma maka nchekwa nri nke sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mbara igwe US NASA, nke a maara dị ka Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP).[3][4] Na mba ndị a na ndị ọzọ, ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ maka ezigbo mmepụta (GMP), ezigbo ọrụ ugbo (GAP), ezigbo omume ịdị ọcha na ezigbo omume azụmahịa na-akwado mmesi obi ike.[5]

Ihe atụ nke atụmatụ mmesi obi ike ugbo gụnyere:

  • asambodo organic
  • Non-GMO Project, otu US nke Product Verification Program na-enye asambodo ngwaahịa ndị na-agbaso omume kachasị mma iji zere mmetọ GMO
  • Red Tractor mark, mmemme nkwenye UK maka ngwaahịa na ihe ọkụkụ anụmanụ [6]
  • Nri Nnwere Onwe, mmesi obi ike maka ọdịmma anụmanụ site na RSPCA [7]
  • Grainsafe, mmemme dabeere na Indiana [8]
  • IKB (Integrated chain control system), mmemme Netherlands [5]
  • usoro mmemme HAACP nke ụlọ ọrụ mmiri ara ehi Australia [3]

N'afọ 2004, 65% nke mmepụta ugbo nke United Kingdom bụ ugbo e mesiri obi ike, na site na 2006, a na-etinye nri ruru ijeri £ 6 kwa afọ n'okpuru akara mmesi obi ike ugbo Red Tractor nke United Kingdom, gụnyere ihe karịrị 90% nke mmepụta ezì na mmiri ara ehi nke mba ahụ.[1][9] 

A na-enye ụfọdụ atụmatụ mmesi obi ike ugbo ike iwu, ma ọ bụ site na iji akara ahịa ma ọ bụ nlekota nke ndị na-achịkwa ọrụ ugbo na ụkpụrụ nri.Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ejikọkarị na mmepụta nri, enwere ike itinye mmesi obi ike ugbo na ngwaahịa ugbo ndị ọzọ, dị ka ákwà, okooko osisi, ụtaba na mmanụ.

Iji nweta asambodo ngwaahịa ugbo, enwere ike ịchọ mmesi obi ike maka ihe ndị ọrụ ugbo.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, atụmatụ Red Tractor nke UK na-akwado mmemme mmesi obi ike maka nri (UFAS, FEMAS) na fatịlaịza (FIAS).[10][11]

Ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-adabere kpamkpam na nyocha ngwaahịa, ọ naghịkwa adabere n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke nkwenye dị mma.Otu ihe atụ nke usoro ihe omume dị otú ahụ bụ United States Quality Standards maka nhazi, asambodo na nkwenye: akara anụ ehi USDA dabere na àgwà anụ ahụ, gbakwunyere afọ nke anụ ahụ.[12]

Hụkwa

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  • A kwadoro ya ka ọ na-etolite
  • Nnyocha Ihe ize ndụ na Ebe Nchịkwa Dị Oké Mkpa - Usoro mgbochi maka nchekwa nriPeeji ndị na-egosi nkọwa dị mkpirikpi nke ndị a na-achọ ịlaghachi
  • Quality Assurance International - Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka asambodo mba ụwa na United States
  • Njikọ Ala - Ọrụ ebere nke Britain
  • Sugarwise - UK asambodo ikike maka nkwupụta shuga na nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ.
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Farm Assurance factsheet. Institute of Grocery Distribution (7 December 2004). Archived from the original on 24 August 2007. Retrieved on 22 July 2008. “Over 78,000 farmers and growers in the UK are farm assured, accounting for between 65% and 90% of output in the main commodity sectors...Farm assurance is now one link in a chain of assurance, which covers areas such as agricultural inputs (e.g. feed); transport and processing.”
  2. ↑ Farm Assurance Schemes & Animal Welfare: How the standards compare. 2012. Executive Summary. Compassion in World Farming (2012). Retrieved on 25 September 2014.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Industry information: Food safety and regulation: Dairy Food safety. Dairy Australia. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved on 25 September 2014.
  4. ↑ THE CERTIFICATION STANDARD. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved on 22 July 2008. “Annex 4 sets out the seven principles of HACCP”
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Krieger. ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION LEVEL IN DIFFERENT QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE AGRI-FOOD SECTOR. Archived from the original on 8 September 2005. Retrieved on 22 July 2008.. "The basis for any quality system is good practice, especially good manufacturing practice, good agricultural practice, good hygienic practice and good trade practice".
  6. ↑ Read about AFS. Red Tractor Assured Food Standards. Archived from the original on 18 November 2007. Retrieved on 16 July 2008.
  7. ↑ "Press release: RSPCA: Freedom food – record numbers are looking for the logo", RSPCA via Politics.co.uk, 14 July 2008. Retrieved on 16 July 2008.
  8. ↑ Grainsafe. Purdue University. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved on 22 July 2008.
  9. ↑ SFFS Indicators – 1.07 Farm assurance schemes (data sheet). UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved on 16 July 2008.
  10. ↑ Trade assurance. Agricultural Industries Confederation. Retrieved on 16 July 2008.
  11. ↑ The Assurance of Animal Feedingstuffs – A Brief Outline. Product Authentication International, a certifying body. Archived from the original on 15 August 2009. Retrieved on 16 July 2008.
  12. ↑ Grading, certification and verification: USDA Quality Standards. USDA. Retrieved on 22 July 2008. “For example, Beef quality standards are based on attributes such as marbling (the amount of fat interspersed with lean meat), color, firmness, texture, and age of the animal, for each grade”
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