Nkwekọrịta Maka Mbelata nke Ngwá Agha Mmiri
Nkwekọrịta maka njedebe nke ngwá agha ụgbọ mmiri bụ ọtụtụ nkwekọrịta na 1920s nke United States, Great Britain, Japan, Italy na France bịanyere aka n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Nkwekọrịta ndị ahụ sitere na Washington Naval Conference, nke US mere na 1921-22.
Otu n'ime nkwekọrịta ahụ, nke a maara dị ka Iwu Ike Anọ (1921), nyere na US, UK, Japan na France ga-enyere aka idebe udo n'Oké Osimiri Pacific, ebe nke ọzọ, Washington Naval Treaty (1922), nke a makwaara dị ka Nkwekọrịta Ike Ise, kwuru na US, United Kingdom na Japan ga-ewu ụgbọ mmiri na 5:5:3 ratio. Nke a bụ nke onye odeakwụkwọ nke steeti America bụ Charles Evans Hughes chepụtara na mbụ, ndị Japan jụrụ ya. Otú ọ dị, Tokyo kwetara, mgbe agbakwunyere ndokwa na-amachibido US na UK iwusi ihe onwunwe ha n'àgwàetiti Pacific ike, mana na-enye Japan ohere ime ya. Nkwekọrịta nke atọ, Nkwekọ Ike Abụọ (1922), mesiri ike idebe Iwu Mkpọrọ Mkpọrọ na China.[1]
Mmetụta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'ịgbaso ogbugbu a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ - na mmefu - nke Agha Ụwa nke Mbụ, ọnọdụ a ma ama n'ụwa niile bụ udo na iwepụ ngwá agha, nke chịrị n'afọ ndị 1920. Na ngwụcha Agha Ukwu ahụ, Britain ka nwere ụgbọ mmiri kachasị ukwuu n'elu mmiri mana nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri ya na-aghọ ihe mgbe ochie, ndị America na ndị Japan na-arụkwa ụgbọ agha ọhụrụ dị oke ọnụ. London na Tokyo bụ ndị enyi na nkwekọrịta nke ga-agwụ na 1922 mana esemokwu na-eto eto nke America na Japan maka ịchịkwa Oké Osimiri Pacific bụ ihe iyi egwu ogologo oge maka udo ụwa. London ghọtara na ọ kacha mma na Washington karịa Tokyo. Iji kwụsị asọmpi ngwá agha na-enweghị isi, nke dị oke ọnụ ma nwee ike ịdị ize ndụ, mba ndị dị mkpa bịanyere aka n'usoro nkwekọrịta nkwụsị ụgbọ mmiri.[2]
Nzukọ Ndị Agha Mmiri nke Washington[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nzukọ kachasị mkpa bụ Washington Naval Conference, nke Onye isi ala Warren Harding kwadoro ma bụrụ nke odeakwụkwọ nke steeti Charles Evans Hughes na-achị. Harding chọrọ ka e mee ihe iji nweta otuto ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ụlọ. Ọ bịara n'ụdị Washington Naval Treaty Of 1922.
Nkwekọrịta Ụgbọ Mmiri nke Washington[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Iji dozie esemokwu teknụzụ banyere ogo ụgbọ agha, ndị na-ekwu okwu nabatara ụkpụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ, dabere na mbugharị tonnage (ihe dị mfe nke nha ụgbọ mmiri). Nkwekọrịta afọ iri setịpụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ụgbọ agha na 5:5:3 - nke ahụ bụ tọn 525,000 maka USA, tọn 524,000 maka Britain, na tọn 315,000 maka Japan.[3] Usoro ngwá agha kachasị n'oge ahụ - ụgbọ agha - enweghị ike ibu karịa tọn 35,000. Ike ndị dị mkpa nyere onwe ha 135,000:135,000:81,000 tọn maka ịzụlite ụgbọelu, ụdị ụgbọ agha ọhụrụ.
Nzukọ Washington zere mmelite dị oke ọnụ site na ike ọ bụla na-echegbu onwe ya na abụọ ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịbawanye ike. Nkwekọrịta ahụ manyere US ịhapụ ụgbọ agha ochie 15 na abụọ ọhụrụ, yana ụgbọ mmiri 13 a na-ewu. Britain ga-atụfu ụgbọ mmiri - n'ezie, ọtụtụ ụgbọ agha "efu na Washington" karịa n'agha ọ bụla n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.[4]
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Nkwekọrịta Ụgbọ Mmiri nke London
- Nkwekọrịta Ụgbọ Mmiri nke Abụọ nke London
Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Caroline F. Ziemke, "Peace without strings? Interwar naval arms control revisited." Washington Quarterly 15.4 (1992): 87-106.
- ↑ Stephen Roskill, Naval Policy Between Wars. Volume I: The Period of Anglo-American Antagonism 1919-1929 (Seaforth Publishing, 2016).
- ↑ Smaller limits applied to France and Italy. Germany was still limited to zero by the Versailles Treaty; the Soviet Union, a pariah nation because of Communism, was not invited.
- ↑ Christopher Bell, The Royal Navy, seapower and strategy between the wars. (Springer, 2000).
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ike na Pacific: mmalite nke njedebe nke ngwá agha ụgbọ mmiri, 1914-1922 (1976)
- Goldstein, Erik, na John H. Maurer, editọ. Nzukọ Washington, 1921-22: Naval Rivalry, East Asian Stability na Road to Pearl Harbor (Taylor & Francis, 1994).
- Redford, Duncan "Nchebe mkpokọta na esemokwu dị n'ime: Mgbalị nke Njikọ Ndị Agha Mmiri iji Mepụta Iwu Ọhụrụ maka Ike Ụgbọ Mmiri Britain n'etiti 1919 na 1922 Washington Naval Treaty". Akụkọ 96.321 (2011): 48-67.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Iwu Ụgbọ Mmiri n'etiti Agha. Mpịakọta nke Mbụ: Oge nke Anglo-American Antagonism 1919-1929 (Seaforth Publishing, 2016).