Noble eightfold path

Ụz Eightfold (Sanskrit) ma ọ bụ Ụzọ Eigh Right (Sanskris) bụ nchịkọta mbụ nke ụzọ omume ndị Buddha na-eduga na nnwere onwe site na samsara, ọmụmụ ọzọ na-egbu mgbu, [1]^[1] n'ụdị nirvana.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Ụzọ Eightfold nwere omume asatọ: echiche ziri ezi, mkpebi ziri ezi, okwu ziri ezi, omume ziri ezi, ndụ ziri ezi, mgbalị ziri ezi, uche ziri ezi, na samadhi ziri ezi ('ntụgharị uche ma ọ bụ njikọ'; n'aka nke ọzọ, nghọta ntụgharị uche ziri ezi). [1] [1]

Na okpukpe Buddha mbụ, omume ndị a malitere site na nghọta na ahụ-uche na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ rụrụ arụ (echiche ziri ezi), wee banye n'ụzọ Buddha nke idebe onwe onye, njide onwe onye, na ịzụlite obiọma na ọmịiko; ma na-ejedebe na dhyana ma ọ bụ samadhi, nke na-eme ka omume ndị a maka mmepe nke ahụ-uche. [1] N'oge na-adịghị anya (prajñā) ghọrọ ngwá ọrụ soteriological, na-eduga n'echiche dị iche na nhazi nke ụzọ ahụ, [2] [3] nke "ọgwụgwụgwụ nke ụzọ ahụ.

Noble Eightfold Path bụ otu n'ime nchịkọta nke ozizi Buddha, nke a kụziiri iduga na Arhatship.^[5] N'ọdịnala Theravada, a chịkọtakwara ụzọ a dị ka sila (omume), samadhi (ntụgharị uche) na prajna (echiche). Na Mahayana Buddhism, ụzọ a dị iche na ụzọ Bodhisattva, nke a kwenyere na ọ gafere Arhatship ruo Buddha zuru oke.^[5]

In Buddhist symbolism, the Noble Eightfold Path is often represented by means of the dharma wheel (dharmachakra), in which its eight spokes represent the eight elements of the path.

Okwu Pali ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga (Sanskrit: āryāṣṭāṅgamārga) ka a na-asụgharịkarị n'asụsụ bekee ka ọ bụrụ "Ụzọ Ụkwụ asatọ nke Noble". Ntụgharị asụsụ a bụ mgbakọ nke ndị mbụ ntụgharị asụsụ Buddhist malitere n'asụsụ bekee, dịka a sụgharịrị ariya sacca ka ọ bụrụ eziokwu anọ.[16][17] Otú ọ dị, nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ apụtaghị na ụzọ ahụ dị mma, kama na ụzọ ahụ bụ nke ndị ama ama (Pali: arya pụtara 'ndị nwere nghọta, ndị dị ùgwù, ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa').[18]. Okwu magga (Sanskrit: mārga) pụtara "ụzọ", ebe aṭṭhaṅgika (Sanskrit: aṣṭāṅga) pụtara "okpukpu asatọ". Ya mere, ntụgharị ọzọ nke ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga bụ "ụzọ okpukpu asatọ nke ndị ama ama", [5][19][1] ma ọ bụ ụzọ Ariya okpukpu asatọ".[2][3][4]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Ihe asatọ niile nke Ụzọ ahụ na-amalite na okwu samyañc (na Sanskrit) ma ọ bụ sammā (na Pāli) nke pụtara "ezi, kwesịrị ekwesị, dịka o kwesịrị ịbụ, kacha mma".^[6] Ihe odide ndị Buddha dị iche na samma na miccha ya dị iche.^[6]

Dị ka Indologist Tilmann Vetter si kwuo, nkọwa nke ụzọ Buddha nwere ike ịdị na mbụ dị mfe dị ka okwu Middle Way.[9] Ka oge na-aga, a kọwapụtara nkọwa dị nkenke a, na-arụpụta nkọwa nke Ụzọ okpukpu asatọ.[9] Tilmann Vetter na onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Rod Bucknell abụọ na-ekwu na nkọwa dị ogologo nke "ụzọ" nwere ike ịchọta na ederede ndị mbụ, nke nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ụzọ asatọ.[9][26]

Ebumnuche nke "echiche ziri ezi" (samyak-dṛṣṭi / sammā-diṭṭhi) ma ọ bụ "nghọta ziri ezi" [1] bụ iji kpochapụ ụzọ mmadụ site na mgbagwoju anya, nghọtahie, na echiche efu. Ọ bụ ụzọ isi nweta nghọta ziri ezi banyere eziokwu.

Akwụkwọ Pali na Agamas nwere "nkọwa" dị iche iche ma ọ bụ nkọwa nke "echiche ziri ezi". Mahasatipatthana Sutta (Digha Nikaya 22), nke a chịkọtara site na ihe ndị ọzọ sitere na suttas ma eleghị anya na 20 BCE,[50] na-akọwa echiche ziri ezi n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi dị ka Eziokwu anọ: N'ime nke a, echiche ziri ezi gụnyere karma na ọmụmụ ọzọ, na mkpa nke Eziokwu anọ dị mma. Echiche a nke "echiche ziri ezi" nwetara mkpa mgbe "insight" ghọrọ isi na soteriology Buddha, ma ka na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na Theravada Buddhism.

Suttas ndị ọzọ na-enye nkọwa zuru oke, na-ekwu na omume anyị nwere nsonaazụ, na ọnwụ abụghị njedebe, na omume na nkwenkwe anyị nwekwara nsonaazụ mgbe ọnwụ gasịrị, nakwa na Buddha gbasoro ma kụziere ụzọ gara nke ọma site n'ụwa a na ụwa ọzọ (eluigwe na ụwa n'okpuru ma ọ bụ hel). [1] [2] Mahācattārīsaka Sutta ("The Great Forty, " Majjhima Nikaya 117) na-enye nchịkọta zuru oke,-akọwa omume asaa mbụ dị ka ihe achọrọ nke samadhi ziri ezi c.q. dhyana.^{[web 1]} Ọ na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti echiche ziri ezi (karma, rebirth) na echiche ziri ezi dị ka ihe na-eme, na-ejikọta echiche ziri ezi na dhamma vicaya ("nnyocha nke ụkpụrụ), otu n'ime bojjhanga, "ihe asaa nke ịmụrụ anya" nke na-enye akụkọ ọzọ nke mgbalị ziri ezi na dhyana.^[9]

N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-egosipụta echiche ziri ezi (yana mkpebi ziri ezi) na ahịrịokwu nke dhammalsaddhalpabbajja: "Onye nkịtị nụrụ ka Buddha na-akụzi Dhamma, na-abịa nwee okwukwe na ya, ma kpebie iwere nhọpụta dị ka onye mọnk".

Sammādiṭṭhi Sutta
Onye nsọ Sāriputta gwara onye nsọ Mahākotthita: "Jụọ, enyi, ịmara na m ga-aza". Onye a na-asọpụrụ Mahākotthita gwara onye a na-akwanyere ùgwù Sāriputta, sị: "Mgbe o mezuru ihe ndị bụ onye na-eso ụzọ a gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma na nkuzi na ịdọ aka ná ntị nke a na-ewere na e nyere ya echiche ziri ezi, na o mezuru ntụkwasị obi a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na Buddha, na ọ bịarutere ma rute na nkuzi ziri ezi, nweta Dharma ziri ezi a ma teta na Dharma ziri ezumike a?" Onye a na-asọpụrụ Sāriputta kwuru, sị: "Onye a na-ahụ maka Mahākotthita, [nke a na-eme ma ọ bụrụ na] onye na-eso ụzọ a ma ama ghọtara ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị mma dịka ha dị n'ezie, ghọtara mgbọrọgwụ nke enweghị omume dịka ha dị, ghọtara ọnọdụ ndị dị mma dịka ha bụ n'ezie ma ghọta mgbọrọgwụ ịdị mma dịka ha nọ n'ezie. "Olee otu [onye mmụta dị mma] ga-esi ghọta ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị mma dịka ha dị n'ezie? Omume anụ ahụ na-adịghị mma, omume ọnụ na omume uche - ndị a na-ewere ọnọdụ na-adịghị njọ. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-aghọta steeti ndị na-adịghị mma dịka ha dị n'ezie. "Olee otu [onye na-eso ụzọ dị mma] si aghọta mgbọrọgwụ nke enweghị omume ọma dị ka ha dị n'ezie? E nwere mgbọrọgwụ atọ nke enweghị omume ọma: anyaukwu bụ mgbọrọgwụ nke enweghị omume rụrụ arụ, ịkpọasị bụ mgbọrọ ndụ nke enweghị omume enyi, na aghụghọ bụ mgbọrọgba nke enweghị omume ọjọọ − a na-ewere ndị a dị ka mgbọrọgwụ ya enweghị omume rụrụ ọrụ. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-aghọta mgbọrọgwụ nke enweghị omume dịka ha dị n'ezie. "Olee otu [onye mmụta dị mma] ga-esi ghọta ọnọdụ ndị dị mma dịka ha dị n'ezie? Omume anụ ahụ zuru oke, omume ọnụ na omume uche - ndị a na-ewere dị ka ọnọdụ dị mma. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-aghọta ọnọdụ ndị dị mma dịka ha dị n'ezie. "Olee otu [onye na-eso ụzọ dị mma] si aghọta mgbọrọgwụ nke ịdị mma dị ka ha dị n'ezie? Nke ahụ bụ, e nwere mgbọrọgwụ atọ nke ịdị mma: enweghị anyaukwu, enweghị ịkpọasị na enweghị aghụghọ - a na-ewere ndị a dị ka mgbọrọgwụ nke ịdị mma. N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-aghọta mgbọrọgwụ nke ịdị mma dịka ha dị n'ezie. "Venerable Mahākotthita, [ọ bụrụ na] n'ụzọ dị otú a, onye na-eso ụzọ dị mma maara ihe na-aghọta ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị mma dịka ha dị n'ezie, na-aghọ ihe ndị na-enweghị ike dịka ha dị, na- aghọta ọnọdụ ndị dị mma dịka ha bụ n'ezie ma na-aghụta mgbọrọgwụ nke ịdị mma dịka ha nọ n'ezie; mgbe ahụ, n'ihi nke a, [onye na-esote onye na-amụrụ ihe a maara ihe] na nkuzi a na ọzụzụ nwere echiche ziri ezi, emezuola nkwenye ziri ezi, rụzuru nke a ma nweta nkwenye na-enweghị atụ na Dharma a ma nweta ihe ziri ezi.

Gombrich na-ekwu na enwere esemokwu na suttas n'etiti "echiche ziri ezi" na 'enweghị echiche', ntọhapụ site na ịghara ịrapara n'echiche ọ bụla.^[10] Dị ka Chryssides na Wilkins si kwuo, "echiche ziri ezi bụ n'ikpeazụ ihe na-adịghị ahụ anya: ọ bụ ezie na Onye Enlightened na-ahụ ihe dị ka ha dị n'ezie, 'ọ nwere "mmata siri ike" banyere enweghị ike inye nkwupụta zuru ezu na nke ikpeazụ na nkwenye ya n'okwu doro anya'. Ya mere, mmadụ enweghị ike ịrapara na usoro ọ bụla n'ụzọ siri ike na nkwenye. "

Mkpebi ziri ezi

Ikpe ziri ezi (samyak-saṃkalpa / sammā-saṅkappa) nwekwara ike ịmara dị ka "echiche ziri ezi", "ọchịchọ ziri ezi", ma ọ bụ "ihe mkpali ziri ezi". N'ihe a, onye na-eme ya kpebiri ịhapụ ụlọ, hapụ ndụ ụwa ma nyefee onwe ya n'ịchụso onwe ya. [1] [2] Na ngalaba III.248, Majjhima Nikaya na-ekwu,^[11] Dị ka anya ziri ezi, ihe a nwere ọkwa abụọ. Na ọkwa ụwa, mkpebi ahụ gụnyere ịbụ onye na-enweghị mmerụ ahụ (ahimsa) na izere ajọ ọchịchọ (avyabadha) nye onye ọ bụla, ka nke a na-eme ka karma na-eduga n'ịmụghachi. [1]^[12] Na ọkwa ụwa kachasị elu, ihe ahụ gụnyere mkpebi ịtụle ihe niile na onye ọ bụla dị ka ihe na-adịghị adịgide adịgide, isi iyi nke nhụjuanya na enweghị Onwe.^[12]

A na-ekewa Noble Eightfold Path mgbe ụfọdụ n'ime nkewa atọ, na anya ziri ezi na ebumnuche ziri ezi na-emechi usoro ahụ: [1]

Nkewa	Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Ụzọ Asatọ
Omume ọma[1] (Sanskrit: śīla, Pāli: sīla)	1. Okwu ziri ezi
	2. Omume ziri ezi
	3. Ihe ezi ndụ
Ntụgharị uche[114] (Sanskrit na Pāli: samādhi)	4. Mgbalị ziri ezi
	5. Ezi uche
	6. Ntinye uche ziri ezi
Nghọta, amamihe (Sanskrit: prajñā, Pāli: paññā)	7. Echiche ziri ezi
Nghọta, amamihe (Sanskrit: prajñā, Pāli: paññā)	8. Mkpebi ziri ezi

Usoro a bụ mmepe mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe nghọta ịkpa ókè (prajna) ghọrọ isi ihe na soteriology Buddha, a ghọkwara onye a na-ewere dị ka njedebe nke ụzọ Buddha. [1] Ma, Majjhima Nikaya 117, Mahācattārīsaka Sutta, kọwara omume asaa mbụ dị ka ihe achọrọ maka samadhi ziri ezi. Dị ka Vetter si kwuo, nke a nwere ike ịbụ omume soteriological mbụ na okpukpe Buddha mbụ. [1]

"Omume ọma" (Sanskrit: śīla, Pāli: sīla) nwere ụzọ atọ: okwu ziri ezi, omume ziri ezi na ndụ ziri ezi. [1] Okwu ahụ sīla, ọ bụ ezie na ndị edemede Bekee sụgharịrị ya dị ka ihe jikọtara ya na "omume ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ omume", ka Bhikkhu Bodhi na-ekwu, dị na omenala nkọwa Buddha oge ochie na nke oge ochie na-eru nso n'echiche nke ịdọ aka ná ntị na àgwà nke "na-eduga n'ịkwekọ n'ọtụtụ ọkwa - mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akparamagwa, karmic na ntụgharị uche". Nkwekọrịta dị otú ahụ na-emepụta gburugburu ebe obibi iji chụsoo nzọụkwụ ntụgharị uche na Noble Eightfold Path site na ibelata nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, igbochi esemokwu dị n'ime nke sitere na mmebi iwu, na-akwado mmegharị karma n'ọdịnihu site na ọmụmụ ọzọ ka mma, na ime ka uche dị ọcha.

Ìgwè ntụgharị uche ("samadhi") nke ụzọ ahụ na-aga n'ihu site na ihe mgbochi omume iji zụọ uche. [1] Mgbalị ziri ezi na uche na-eme ka mgbagwoju anya nke uche na ahụ dị jụụ, na-ahapụ ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma na usoro omenala ma na-agba ume mmepe nke ọnọdụ dị mma na nzaghachi na-abụghị nke na-akpaghị aka, bojjhaṅga (ihe asaa nke ịmụrụ anya). Omume nke dhyāna na-eme ka mmepe ndị a sie ike, na-eduga na upekkhā (ịkwado) na uche. [1] Dị ka ọdịnala nkọwa nke Theravada na usoro vipassana nke oge a si kwuo, ebumnuche n'òtù a nke Noble Eightfold Path bụ ịzụlite nghọta na nghọta banyere ọdịdị nke eziokwu - dukkha, anicca na anatta, tụfuo ọnọdụ ọjọọ na dispelidya (amaghị ama), n'ikpeazụ nweta nirvana.^[13]

Okpukpe Buddha nke India na Tibet

Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, the path to liberation is outlined in the genre known as Lamrim ("Stages of the Path"). All the various Tibetan schools have their own Lamrim presentations. This genre can be traced to Atiśa's 11th-century A Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment (Bodhipathapradīpa).Kpọpụta njehie: The opening <ref> tag is malformed or has a bad name[62]).^[14]

Nkà mmụta uche

The mara mma ụzọ asatọ ka atụnyere na ọgụgụ isi akparamaagwa; Gil Fronsdal na-ekwu na a pụrụ ịkọwa ihe echiche ziri ezi pụtara ka uche mmadụ si ele ụwa, na ka nke ahụ na-eduga n'ụdị echiche, ebumnuche na omume.[1] N'ụzọ dị iche, Peter Randall na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe nke asaa ma ọ bụ ezi uche ziri ezi nke nwere ike iche n'echiche nke nkà mmụta uche, ebe mgbanwe nke echiche na omume jikọtara ya.[2].7^[15]

Hụkwa zie

Ihe edeturu

Edensibia

↑ Stephen J. Laumakis (2008). An Introduction to Buddhist Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 150–151. ISBN 978-1-139-46966-1.
↑ Brekke, Torkel. "The Religious Motivation of the Early Buddhists". Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 67, No. 4 (Dec. 1999), p. 860
↑ www.wisdomlib.org (2018-10-18). Aryashtangamarga, Arya-ashtanga-marga, Āryāṣṭāṅgamārga: 6 definitions (en). www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved on 2023-07-24.
↑ www.wisdomlib.org (2019-07-05). Samyag-marga, Samyagmārga, Samyanc-marga: 2 definitions (en). www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved on 2023-07-24.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Harvey (2000). An introduction to Buddhist ethics : foundations, values and issues. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 123–24. ISBN 0-521-55394-6.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Thomas William Rhys Davids (1921). Pali-English Dictionary. Motilal Banarsidass, 695–96. ISBN 978-81-208-1144-7.
↑ Mkhas-grub Dge-legs-dpal-bzaṅ-po (1992). A Dose of Emptiness: An Annotated Translation of the sTong thun chen mo of mKhas grub dGe legs dpal bzang. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0729-5.
↑ Chögyam Trungpa (2010). The Heart of the Buddha. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-0-8348-2125-5.
↑ Gethin, The Buddhist Path to Awakening; Keren Arbel, Early Buddhist Meditation
↑ Gombrich, What the Buddha Thought.
↑ Ajahn Brahm (27 May 2018). Word of the Buddha.
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Damien Keown (2013). Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-98588-1.
↑ Kevin Trainor (2004). Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide. Oxford University Press, 74. ISBN 978-0-19-517398-7.
↑ Stages of the Path (Lamrim). Bhikshuni Thubten Chodron.
↑ Peter Randall (2013). The Psychology of Feeling Sorry: The Weight of the Soul. Routledge, 206–208. ISBN 978-1-136-17026-3.

Njikọ mpụga

Kpọpụta njehie: <ref> tags exist for a group named "web", but no corresponding <references group="web"/> tag was found

[auto-1] Stephen J. Laumakis (2008). An Introduction to Buddhist Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 150–151. ISBN 978-1-139-46966-1.

[2] Brekke, Torkel. "The Religious Motivation of the Early Buddhists". Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 67, No. 4 (Dec. 1999), p. 860

[3] www.wisdomlib.org (2018-10-18). Aryashtangamarga, Arya-ashtanga-marga, Āryāṣṭāṅgamārga: 6 definitions (en). www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved on 2023-07-24.

[4] www.wisdomlib.org (2019-07-05). Samyag-marga, Samyagmārga, Samyanc-marga: 2 definitions (en). www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved on 2023-07-24.

[Cambridge_Univ._Press-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Harvey (2000). An introduction to Buddhist ethics : foundations, values and issues. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 123–24. ISBN 0-521-55394-6.

[DavidsStede1921p695-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Thomas William Rhys Davids (1921). Pali-English Dictionary. Motilal Banarsidass, 695–96. ISBN 978-81-208-1144-7.

[7] Mkhas-grub Dge-legs-dpal-bzaṅ-po (1992). A Dose of Emptiness: An Annotated Translation of the sTong thun chen mo of mKhas grub dGe legs dpal bzang. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0729-5.

[8] Chögyam Trungpa (2010). The Heart of the Buddha. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 978-0-8348-2125-5.

[10] Gethin, The Buddhist Path to Awakening; Keren Arbel, Early Buddhist Meditation

[11] Gombrich, What the Buddha Thought.

[Brahm-12] Ajahn Brahm (27 May 2018). Word of the Buddha.

[keownprebish333-13] 12.0 ^12.1 Damien Keown (2013). Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-98588-1.

[trainor2004p74-14] Kevin Trainor (2004). Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide. Oxford University Press, 74. ISBN 978-0-19-517398-7.

[thubten-15] Stages of the Path (Lamrim). Bhikshuni Thubten Chodron.

[16] Peter Randall (2013). The Psychology of Feeling Sorry: The Weight of the Soul. Routledge, 206–208. ISBN 978-1-136-17026-3.

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