Nuer language
| Nuer | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Greater Upper Nile, Gambela Region | |
| Total speakers: | 890,000 | |
| Language family: | Niluṣeḥrawit? Eastern Sudanic Nilotic Western Nilotic Nuer | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | — | |
| ISO 639-3: | nus | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Asụsụ Nuer (Thok Naath) ("asụsụ ndị mmadụ") bụ asụsụ Nilotic nke ìgwè Western Nilotic.[1] Ọ bụ ndị Nuer nke South Sudan na ọdịda anyanwụ Etiopia (ógbè Gambela) na-asụ ya. Asụsụ ahụ yiri nnọọ Dinka na Atuot.[2]
Eji mkpụrụedemede sitere na Latin dee asụsụ a. Enwere ọtụtụ olumba nke Nuer, n'agbanyeghị na ha niile na-eketa otu ọkọlọtọ ederede. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-akpọ ikpeazụ /k/ n'olumba Jikany mana a na-atụba ya na olumba ndị ọzọ n'agbanyeghị na e gosiri ya n'asụsụ Nuer nke mmadụ niile na-eji.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Emebebeghị nyocha ụda olu. Ya mere consonants ndị a nwere ike ọ gaghị adị iche.
| Ọnụ | Ezé ezé | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Ọkụ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n̪ | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | Enweghị olu | p | t̪ | t | c | k | |
| Nkwupụta | b | d̪ | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| Flap | ɾ̪ | ||||||
| Ihe atụ | w | l̪ | j | h | |||
Ịda ụda abụghị ihe pụrụ iche na njedebe nke azuokokoosisi, n'agbanyeghị ma ọ dị na njedebe nke okwu ma ọ bụ n'okwu. Ụyọkọ consonant n'ihi suffixes na-adịkarị mfe.
Edere consonants eze th dh nh n'ọkpụkpụ nke bara uru. /h/ dere ɣ.
Ụdaume nwere ike ịdị ogologo ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ, ụda modal ma ọ bụ ume ume. Edere nke ikpeazụ na-eji nrịbama n'ọkpụrụkpụ nke bara uru, ma e wezụga maka u na ä /ə̤/, ebe enweghị ụdaume modal-ụda dị iche.
| N'ihu | Central | Nlaghachi | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elu | na iː na iː |
Akụkụ a: | |
| N'etiti etiti | e eː eʹ eʹ eː e'aː |
o o o oː o o oʹ oː oʹ oʹ o. | |
| Mepee n'etiti | Ọ bụ n'afọ iri na ụma |
N'ihi ya, ọ na-agụ egwú |
Ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ n'afọ iri na ụma ka ọ bụrụ n'afọ |
| Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ala | (æ æː eʹaː) |
||
| Ala Dị Ala | aː aː a: |
{æ} dị ụkọ. (Curly brackets na-egosi nhazi ụdaume æ.) Ikpeazụ {i} na-eku ume mgbe niile. O nweghi ihe dị iche n'etiti mkpirisi a na ə. A na-akpọ iku ume {o} [ʊ] ma ọ bụ [ɵ].
Faust & Grossman achọtaghị ihe akaebe siri ike maka ụda okwu ma ọ bụ ụda ụtọ asụsụ, na ihe ole na ole dị ka 1sg suffix //ə̌// na ọtụtụ suffix/ /nǐ/ ~ /ǐ/, nke nwere ụda na-arị elu.
Asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ethnologue depụtara asụsụ ndị na-esonụ nke Nuer.
- Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Jikany (Jekaing, Jikain)
- Abigar
- Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Jikany
- Otu narị
- Lou
- Nyuong
- Thiang
- Bul Chol
- Gawaar
- Laak
- Jagei (geai koay)
- Osimiri
- Dok Dok
- Haak
Obodo Nuer[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Enwere olumba dị iche iche ndị otu Nuer bi na mpaghara dị iche iche na-asụ na South Sudan. Ụfọdụ ndị Nuer bi na Western Ethiopia. A na-akpọ ha Jikany Nuer. A na-akpọkwa ndị Nuer nke Upper Nile State Jikany, na ndị dị na Jonglei State Lou, Gawaar, Thiang na Laak.
E nwekwara mpaghara asaa nke ndị otu Nuer ndị ọzọ bi na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Upper Nile Province nke a na-akpọ ugbu a dị ka Unity State Bentiu. Mpaghara ndị a gụnyere:
- Guit County: Ndị Jikany mal cieng bi na ya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Bentiu
- Mayom County: Obodo Bul Chol Geah bi na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke steeti ahụ
- Rubkona County: Obodo Leek bi na ugwu Bentiu
- Koch County: Obodo Jagei bi na etiti Bentiu
- Mayiandit County: Ndị obodo Haak Bakol-kuoth bi na mpaghara ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke steeti ahụ, a makwaara ha dị ka Gatbakol-kuoth.
- Leer County: Obodo Dok bi na mpaghara ndịda nke steeti ahụ.
- Obodo Payinjiar: Obodo Nyuong bi na mpaghara ndịda nke steeti ahụ.
N'ime mmadụ 120,000 nọ na United Nations Protection of Civilians Site Bentiu, Nuer bụ asụsụ kacha amasị maka redio na akụkọ.
Ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Sudan na-asụ Nuer etolitela nnukwu obodo na Omaha, Nebraska, United States.
Nkọwapụta ahịrịokwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nuer: Naath dial diethɛ kɛ a lɔr kä päärkɛ kɛ a flecha malä a a mäni__wol____wol____wol__. Tekɛ n'ime ala n'ime ya bụ n'ime obodo n'ime mba n'ime afọ n'ime ha.
Igbo: A mụrụ mmadụ niile nweere onwe ha nhata na ugwu na ikike. Enyere ha uche na akọ na uche ma kwesị ịkpakọrịta ibe ha n'ime mmụọ nke ụmụnna.
(Nkebi nke 1 nke Universal Declaration of Human Rights)[3]
Usoro ide ihe[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mkpụrụedemede nke Nuer na-eji mkpụrụedemede 39 dị iche iche, nke egosiri n'okpuru n'ụdị mkpụrụedemede ukwu (majuscule) na obere obere (minuscule).
| Nnukwu mkpụrụ akwụkwọ | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | A̱ | Ä | B | C | D | Dh | E | E̱ | Mụ onwe onye | Ɛ | Ọ bụ n'afọ ọ bụla | Ọ bụ n'ihi na ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na- | G | Ihe osise | H | M | I̱ | J | |
| K | L | M | N | Ŋ | Nh | Nyụ | O | O̱ | Ö | Ọ bụ | Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme ihe | P | R | T | Th | U | W | Y | |
| Obere mkpụrụedemede | |||||||||||||||||||
| a | a̱ | Ọ bụ n'oge ochie | b | c | d | dh | na | E̱ | ë | Ọ bụ | Ọ na-adị | Ọ dị n'ebe ahụ | g | ɣ | h | i | i̱ | j | |
| k | l | m | n | ŋ | nh | ny | o | o̱ | ö | Ọ bụ n'afọ | Ọ bụ n'oge a ka ọ na-eme | p | r | t | th | u | w | na | |
Ahịrị dị n'okpuru ụdaume, dị ka a̱, pụtara na e ji olu ume ume kpọ ya. Udaume ä, u, na ikpeazụ m na-eku ume mgbe niile. Udaume okpukpu abụọ, dị ka n'okwu raan (mmadụ), pụtara na ụdaume dị ogologo. Nuer nwere ụda, mana ọdịiche dabere na ụda anaghị adịkarị.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ejiri usoro ide ihe n'afọ 1928 wee tinye obere mgbanwe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asụsụ ahụ. Ma ndị Dinka ma ndị Nuer kwetara na asụsụ ha dị nnọọ iche nke na ha apụghị ịkọrọ asụsụ e dere ede, ma ha chepụtara ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ.
- A ga-anọchite anya ụdaume interdental ikpeazụ dị ka th.
- A ga-anọchite anya ụdaume alveolo-palatal niile na-enweghị olu dị ka c.
- mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Nuer a rụchara arụcha nwere mkpụrụedemede ndị a, nke ha nhata na ụdaume nke asụsụ Nuer: d, k, l, m, n, p, t, w, g, j, r, y, ŋ, ny, th, dh, nh, ɣ, c, a, e, i, o, u, ö, ö
Ezinụlọ asụsụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Asụsụ Nuer so n'ezinụlọ asụsụ ndị a, site na nke kacha nta gaa na nke kachasị ukwuu.
- Asụsụ Dinka-Nuer
- Asụsụ Western Nilotic
- Asụsụ Nilotic
- Asụsụ ndị Kirā-Abbaian
- Asụsụ ndị Sudan nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ
- Asụsụ Nile na Sahara
- Asụsụ Dinka
- Ndị Nuer
- Ndị Dinka
- Asụsụ Western Nilotic
- Asụsụ Nilotic
- ↑ WALS Online -Language Nuer. wals.info. Retrieved on 2016-10-29.
- ↑ Trust. Nuer (Naath). www.gurtong.net. Retrieved on 2016-10-29.
- ↑ Nuer language and pronunciation. www.omniglot.com. Retrieved on 2016-10-29.
- Nuer Project - ọtụtụ ihe odide ụtọ asụsụ
- Nuer Lexicon bụ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na-emekọrịta ihe n'ịntanetị nke Nuer
- OpenRoad peeji na Nuer (Thok Nath)
- PanAfrican L10n peeji na Nuer
- Omniglot peeji na Nuer
- World Atlas of Language Structures ozi gbasara Nuer
- Wright Jay Frank, Nuer noun morphology, Master of Arts thesis, State University of New York na Buffalo, 1999 (n'ịntanetị).
- Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Nuer