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Obere Dị Mma

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Obere mara mma: Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara akụ na ụba dị ka a ga-asị na ndị mmadụ metụtara bụ nchịkọta edemede nke e bipụtara na 1973 site n'aka onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba Britain nke amụrụ German E. F. Schumacher . Aha "Obere mara mma" sitere n'ụkpụrụ nke onye nkuzi Schumacher Leopold Kohr [1] (1909-1994) na-akwalite obere teknụzụ dabara adaba, atumatu, na ọchịchị dị ka ihe ọzọ dị elu na usoro izizi nke "ibu ka mma".

Mkpokọta gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba dị ka nsogbu ike nke 1973 na mgbasa ozi nke echiche nke ijikọ ụwa ọnụ nyere aka weta nkatọ Schumacher's Small Is Beautiful nke usoro akụ na ụba bụ isi nye ndị na-ege ntị n'oge 1970s. Na 1995 The Times Literary Supplement họọrọ Obere mara mma n'ime akwụkwọ 100 kacha nwee mmetụta e bipụtara kemgbe Agha IIwa nke Abụọ . [2] E bipụtara mbipụta ọzọ nke nwere nkọwa na 1999.

Ịsọpụrụ 50th ncheta nke Obere mara mma na 2023, Schumacher Center for a New Economics nyere ntụziaka ọmụmụ emelitere site n'aka onye edemede Britain na onye nta akụkọ David Boyle . [3]

Nkọwa okwu

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E kewara Small Is Mara mma ụzọ anọ: "Ụwa nke oge a", "Akụkụ", "Ụwa nke Atọ", na "Nhazi na Onye nwe".

  • Nkebi nke Mbụ – na-achịkọta ụwa akụ na ụba nke mmalite 1970 site na echiche Schumacher. N'isi nke mbụ, "Nsogbu nke Mmepụta", Schumacher na-arụ ụka na akụ na ụba nke oge a bụ ihe na-adịghị mma. A na-ewere ihe ndị sitere n'okike (dị ka mmanụ ọkụ ), a na-ewere ya dị ka ego a na-akwụ ụgwọ, mgbe n'ezie ekwesịrị ka a na-emeso ha dị ka isi obodo, ebe ọ bụ na a naghị emegharị ha, ma si otú a na-emecha kwụsị. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụrịta ụka na nguzogide okike na-egbochi mmetọ dị oke oke. O kwubiri na mgbalị gọọmentị ga-etinyerịrị na mmepe na-adigide, n'ihi na obere mgbanwe dị ntakịrị, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịnyefe teknụzụ na mba nke atọ, agaghị edozi nsogbu dị n'okpuru nke akụ na ụba na-adịghị adịgide adịgide. Nkà ihe ọmụma Schumacher bụ otu n'ime "izu okè", na-aghọta ma mkpa mmadụ na njedebe, yana iji teknụzụ kwesịrị ekwesị. O tolitere site n'ọmụmụ ihe gbasara akụ na ụba obodo, bụ nke o mesịrị kpọọ Buddhist Economics, nke bụ isiokwu nke isi nke anọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ.
  • Nkebi nke Abụọ - na-atụgharị Education dị ka ihe onwunwe kasị ukwuu, ma na-atụle ala, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ike nuklia na mmetụta mmadụ nke Technology.
  • Nkebi nke Atọ - na-atụle ọdịiche dị n'etiti etiti usoro ụwa na mba ndị na-emepe emepe ka ọ dị mgbe ahụ, na-elekwasị anya na omenala obodo na enweghị ọrụ na India.
  • Nkebi nke anọ – na-ewepụta sketch nke Theory of Large Scale Organisation, na-esepụta okwu na platitudes gbasara ikeketa ọchịchị dị ka usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma na-ekwurịta ihe ndị ọzọ. Isi nke 3 nke akụkụ a mechiri site na ndụmọdụ ndị na-elekọta mmadụ:

"Ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya kwesịrị ịkwusi ike na iji ụlọ ọrụ ndị mba ọzọ, ọ bụghị nanị iji wepụ ndị isi obodo - mgbalị nke ha nwere ike ma ọ bụ na ha agaghị aga nke ọma - kama ịmepụta usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na nke dị ùgwù nke nchịkwa ụlọ ọrụ, ọrụ ọrụ nke igwe, na iji ọgụgụ isi na-etinye n'ọrụ nke mkpụrụ nke ọgụgụ isi na mgbalị mmadụ, ọ bụrụ na ha nwere ike ime nke a, ha nwere ọdịnihu n'aka ha ma ọ bụrụ na ha enweghị ike, ọ dịghị ihe ha ga-enye nke kwesịrị ka ọsụsọ nke ụmụ nwoke nweere onwe ha. (Nkebi nke anọ, isi nke 3 'Socialism')

 

Edensibia

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Na 1995 The Times Literary Supplement họọrọ Obere mara mma n'ime akwụkwọ 100 kacha nwee mmetụta e bipụtara kemgbe Agha IIwa nke Abụọ . E bipụtara mbipụta ọzọ nkeNa 1995 The Times Literary Supplement họọrọ Obere mara mma n'ime akwụkwọ 100 kacha nwee mmetụta e bipụtara kemgbe Agha IIwa nke Abụọ . [4] E bipụtara mbipụta ọzọ nke

  1. Dr. Leopold Kohr, 84; Backed Smaller States, New York Times obituary, 28 February 1994.
  2. The Times Literary Supplement, October 6, 1995, p. 39
  3. "Small is Beautiful Revisited 50 Years On", Schumacher Center For New Economics.
  4. The Times Literary Supplement, October 6, 1995, p. 39