Obodo Whiteway
| mba/obodo | Obodoézè Nà Ofú  |
|---|---|
| dị na ngalaba nhazi mpaghara | Miserden |
| historic county | Gloucestershire |
| nhazi ọnọdụ | 51°47′26″N 2°7′1″W |
| Ntuziaka grid OS | SO918104 |
Whiteway Colony bụ obodo obibi na Cotswolds na parish nke Miserden dị nso Stroud, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. Ndị Tolstoyans hibere obodo ahụ na 1898 ma taa enweghị ala mapụtara nwere ihe karịrị ụlọ iri isii na ndị na-achị 120. [1] Na mbido, a jụrụ ihe onwunwe nkeonwe ma kesaa ihe onwunwe nkeonwe ; Otú ọ dị, taa, a na-enwe ụlọ nke ndị na-achị obodo ma na-ere ya na ọnụ ahịa ahịa. [2] [3] Dị ka ógbè ahụ gbahapụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma Tolstoy, ọtụtụ ndị ewerewo ya, gụnyere Mohandas Gandhi onye gara na 1909, dị ka nnwale Tolstoyan dara ada. [4]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Onye nta akụkọ Quaker, Samuel Veale Bracher, na ndị Tolstoyan ndị ọzọ hibere mpaghara ahụ na 1898. Bracher zụtara 41 acres (17 ha) tinyere mkpụrụ, ngwá ọrụ, ihe na ihe oriri. Ndị na-achị obodo wee gbaa akwụkwọ ihe onwunwe ahụ ọkụ na njedebe nke ndụdụ dị ka ihe atụ jụrụ echiche nke ihe onwunwe . Aylmer Maude duuru kọmitii ntọala ntọala maka ógbè ahụ. Dị ka Maude si kwuo, akụkọ Leo Tolstoy nke kpaliri ndị bi na obodo ka ha gbakọta ma hụ na ógbè ha bụ " Walk in the Light while There is Light " . [5]
Ndị mbụ biri n'obodo ahụ nwere echiche utopian socialist, na-ekerịta ihe oriri na ịlaghachi n'ala . Ndị na-achị ntọala dị ihe dị ka asatọ mana ka oge na-aga, obodo ahụ ruru iri anọ na onye ọ bụla nabatara ya. Agbanyeghị Bracher, ezinụlọ ya na ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ hapụrụ ógbè ahụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ka ha na-enwewanye nkụda mmụọ maka enweghị nkịtị nke ndị bi ebe ahụ. [2] [6]
Ndụ mbụ n'ime ógbè ahụ bụ spartan na ụfọdụ ndị bi na-eji ọba dị ka ebe nchekwa - mmiri ọkpọkọ abịaghị ruo 1949 na ọkụ eletrik ọ bụghị ruo 1954. Ebe ahụ bụbu ala mepere emepe gbara Whiteway House gburugburu mana ugbu a ọ nwere nnukwu osisi yana ebe a na-achịkọta ụlọ tumadi nke osisi - ebe ọ nweghị onye nwere ala ahụ, enweghị ike ịnweta ego mgbazinye, yabụ ndị mmadụ ga-ewu ụlọ nke ha. Otu ụlọikpe kpebiri n’afọ 1955 gosiri na ọ dịghị onye nwere ikike iwu kwadoro ala ahụ. [7] Ndị bi n'afọ 1924 rụrụ otu ụlọ nzukọ na-elekọta mmadụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ, ma wuo ọdọ mmiri na 1969. Whiteway Colony ka dị taa yana ụlọ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ụmụ sitere na ndị mbụ bi na ya. N'agbanyeghi na o nwekwaghi agwa anarchist doro anya, ndi bi n'oge a maara, na mpako, maka mmalite ya. Usoro ha na-aga n'ime obodo ka, ihe atụ kachasị mma bụ iji na-arụ ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ (ụlọ ezumezu, ọdọ mmiri na ebe egwuregwu). Na mgbakwunye, ọchịchị obodo ka na-eme site na nzuko izugbe nke ndị bi na ya.
N'ime afọ ndị bi na-agụnye mbata na -anarchists, akọ na uche jụrụ na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ si Spanish Civil War, nakwa dị ka nkwado ventures dị ka Protheroe's Bakery, na Cotswold Co-operative Handicraft guild na Co-operative Gardening Group. Ruo oge ụfọdụ , Thomas Keell wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ anarchist Freedom .
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ụka Ụmụnna
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]ihe onwunwe ahụ ọkụ na njedebe nke ndụdụ dị ka ihe atụ jụrụ echiche nke ihe onwunwe . Aylmer Maude duuru kọmitii ntọala ntọala ha na-aga n'ime obodo ka, ihe atụ kachasị mma bụ iji na-arụ ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ (ụlọ
- ↑ Whiteway Colony. Diggers and Dreamers. Archived from the original on 2012-03-06.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Alston (10 October 2010). Tolstoy's Guiding Light. History Today. Retrieved on 2018-07-19.Alston, Charlotte (10 October 2010). "Tolstoy's Guiding Light". History Today. Retrieved 19 July 2018. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Alston2010" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Edghill (1 February 2003). What a carry-on in the Cotswolds. The Telegraph. Retrieved on 2018-07-19.
- ↑ Hunt (2005). An American Looks at Gandhi: Essays in Satyagraha, Civil Rights, and Peace. Bibliophile South Asia, 43–. ISBN 978-81-85002-35-4.
- ↑ Aylmer Maude (1910). The Life of Tolstoy. Dodd, Mead.
- ↑ Hart (1906). Confessions of an anarchist. E. Grant Richards, 79–81.
- ↑ Conaty:Commons Sense-Co-operative place making and the capturing of land value for 21st century Garden Cities. Co-operatives UK (n.d.).
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
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