Okpukpe Tao
ITaoism maobu Daosism bu ihe omenala nke China, nke eji ihe ekpemerechi na philosophy mara. Taoism na ekwu ka mmadu n'ibe ya na ebi n'udo Maka nghota nke impersonal, enigmatic process nke transformation nke ana ekwu Maka ihe na eme eme.okwua putara na asusu ndi Chinese nke nwere odika ya na nghota n'asusu English nke putara way, road na technique.(Àtụ:IPAc-en, Àtụ:IPAc-en.[1]Àtụ:Sfnp Àtụ:Zh (Àtụ:Lang-zh
Isi nke echiche Taoist pụtara n'oge mmalite nke Warring States, c. , n'oge epigrammatic Tao Te Ching na anecdotal Zhuangzi - nke a na-ewere n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe odide ndị bụ isi nke nkà ihe ọmụma Taoist - bụ nke e dere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu. Ha mejupụtara isi nke ihe odide Taoist gbakọtara n'ime narị afọ ndị sochirinụ, nke ndị mọnk chịkọtara n'etiti akwụkwọ Daozang malite na narị afọ nke ise OA. Taoism mbụ sitere na mmetụta dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere okpukpe Shang na Zhou, Naturalism, Mohism, Confucianism, echiche dị iche iche nke Legalist, yana Book of Changes na Spring and Autumn Annals.[3][4] Taoism bụ echiche kachasị mkpa n'echiche ndị China, nke abụọ naanị na Confucianism. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dị iche na Confucianism, ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka ọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya. Ka e mesịrị, mgbe e webatara Okpukpe Buddha na China, usoro abụọ ahụ malitere imetụta ibe ha, na okwu ogologo oge nke ndị Taoist na ndị Buddha kerịtara; ọdịnala Mahayana dị iche nke Zen nke pụtara n'oge usoro ndị eze Tang gụnyere ọtụtụ echiche sitere na Taoism.
Ọ bụ ezie na Taoism na-enwekarị mkpali maka usoro ndị isi siri ike, nkà ihe ọmụma Taoist abụwo ntọala maka echiche nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na agha, na òtù Taoist nwere atụmatụ dị iche iche adịla n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke China. N'oge ọchịchị Han, òtù nzuzo nke Taoist kpaliri nnupụisi Yellow Turban, na-anwa ịmepụta ihe a kọwara dị ka ọchịchị Taoist. Ọtụtụ okpukpe Taoism na-amata chi, mgbe mgbe ndị dị na omenala ndị ọzọ, ebe a na-asọpụrụ ha dị ka ndị karịrị mmadụ na-egosipụta omume ọma Taoist. Ọdịdị syncretic nke ọdịnala ahụ na-eweta ihe isi ike ụfọdụ n'ịgbalị ịkọwa omume ya. Ebe ọ bụ na echiche Taoist gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'omenala ndị China ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ, ọ na-abụkarị ihe doro anya ma a ga-ewere mmadụ dị ka "Taoist". Ọnọdụ nke daoshi, ma ọ bụ 'onye nkuzi Taoist', bụ naanị ndị ụkọchukwu nọ n'òtù Taoist; ndị a na-emekarị ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọdịnala ha na ndị ọzọ n'okpukpe ndị China.Chi na ndị na-adịghị anwụ anwụ神仙) nke Taoism kwenyere nwere ike kewaa n'ụdị abụọ, ya bụ "chi" na "xian". "Chi" na-ezo aka na chi, nke e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị. "Xian" bụ ndị na-adịghị anwụ anwụ nwere ike karịrị nke mmadụ, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ejikwa okwu ahụ mee ihe dị ka nkọwa maka onye nwere ụkpụrụ na omume ọma.[2]
Taa, Taoism bụ otu n'ime ozizi okpukpe ise gọọmentị China nabatara, na-enwekwa ọnọdụ gọọmentị na Hong Kong na Macau.[3] A na-ewere ya dị ka nnukwu okpukpe na Taiwan, ma nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị na-eso ụzọ na Sinosphere na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia.[4] N'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ, Taoism ewerewo ụdị dị iche iche, ma ndị na-agbaso omume akụkọ ihe mere eme, yana omume ndị a na-ejikọta nke ọma nke a na-akọwa dị ka òtù Okpukpe ọhụrụ.
Okwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Asụsụ na ịkpọpụta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
"Taoism" na "Daoism" bụ mkpụrụ okwu ọzọ nke otu okwu ahụ. "Tao" dị na usoro Wade-Giles nke Romanization, nke ruo na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 20 bụ ihe a ma ama na mba ndị na-asụ Bekee ma nọgide na-eji maka okwu ụfọdụ nwere mkpụrụedemede siri ike. "Dao" bụ mkpụrụ okwu na usoro Hanyu Pinyin, nke a nabatara na China n'afọ ndị 1950, nke dochiri Wade-Giles.
Nkọwapụta nke Standard Chinese nke romanizations abụọ nke "Dao" bụ otu, ya bụ, /daʊ/, dị ka "dow" Bekee. Otu ikike na-akpọ ịkpọpụta ya na <> dị ka "mmekọrịta" ka ọ bụrụ "ịkpọpụta ya n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi" nke "usoro Wade-Giles na-adịghị mma," nke ghọgburu ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ ya.
- ↑ Elizabeth Pollard (16 December 2014). Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the World – From the Beginnings of Humankind to the Present. W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-91847-2. Retrieved on 21 May 2019.
- ↑ 武当山道教协会. 道教神仙分类. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved on 29 January 2024.
- ↑ Religion in China. Council on Foreign Relations (11 October 2018). Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved on 17 June 2020.
- ↑ Taiwan 2017 International Religious Freedom Report. American Institute on Taiwan. US Federal Government (29 May 2018). Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved on 17 June 2020.