Onye na-abụ abụ

Hans Sachs, onye ndú nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Meistersinger a ma ama na narị afọ nke 16 na Nuremberg

Meistersinger</link> (German maka "nna ukwu onye na-abụ abụ") bụ onye otu German Guild maka uri uri, nhazi egwu na nka na-esoghị nke mbụ afụ nke 14, 15 na 16. A na- na ndị Meistersingers  site n'aka ụmụ etiti etiti n'ọtụtụ

Ndị otu

Meistersinger debere ma kwalite omenala ndị Minnesingers mgbe ochie.  Ha bụ ndị ọrụ nka na nchekwa nke obodo German, ma na-ewere dị ka ndị nna ukwu ha na ndị ndu guild ndị na-ede uri iri na abụọ nke oge Middle High German, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Konrad von Würzburg, Reinmar von  Zweter, na Heinrich Frauenlob.  Frauenlob boro ebubo guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ Meistersinger mbụ na Mainz, elele ncheta afọ nke 14. akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ndị ahụ mgbasa na mpagharahine dị elu, wee kpuchie ebe ọzọ.  Na mkpa afọ nke 14 ụlọ akwụkwọ na-arụ ọrụ na Mainz, Strasbourg, Frankfurt, Würzburg, Zürich, na Prague ;  na 15th na Augsburg na Nuremberg.  Nuremberg, n'okpuru nduzi nke Hans Sachs, ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ a ma na-eje nke 16, bụ nke oge Meistersinger agbasawo na Germany na n'ebe ugwu, na Magdeburg, Breslau, Görlitz, na Danzig .

Ndị otu ọ nwere ike klas dị iche nke ndị otu, sitere na ndị isi, ma ọ bụ Schüler (da ozi na ndị na-amụ ọrụ akara ), na Schulfreunde (nke dabara na Gesellen ma ọ bụ ndị njem ), na Meister  .  Meisters bụ ndị na-ede uri nwere ike dee ọhụrụ na abụ ndị dị adị ma chepụta abụ ọhụrụ.  A mara uri a nke ọma dị ka Bar ma ọ bụ Gesetz, abụ abụ dị ka Ton ma ọ bụ Weis .  A na-abụ abụ ndị niile n’ ike onye so.

Iwu

Edebere iwu nke nka na nke a na-akpọ Tabulatur ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ iwu nke guild. Tabulatur kwuru okwu atọ: (1) Ụdị uri na akụkụ nke meistergesang; (2) ukwe ekwe ekwe; (3) mmejọ a ga-ezere, gụnyere njehie nke nnyefe, nke abụ olu ụtọ, nhazi na echiche na, ọkachasị, njehie nke ukwe, nhọrọ okwu, ma ọ bụ mita. Abụ bụụrụ ha ọrụ nkà nke a pụrụ ịmụta site n’iji ịdị uchu na-amụ ihe, ọ bụghị ihe dabeere n’ike mmụọ nsọ Chineke.

Egwu ha na-ekpuchi ụdị strophic dị iche iche iche na ọtụtụ egwu ọhụrụ nke Meistersingers chepụtara wee nye aha anya dị ka Gestreiftsafranblumleinweis</link>  Egwu nke iri ọtụtụ ihe), geblümte Paradiesweis</link> (Egwu paradaịs nke ngwaahịa), wdg.  A na-elebara nlebara anya ka ukwuu iji kwekọọ na nsogbu okwu n'abụ n'ikiri n'ihe ederede ,, ma ọ bụ ozi.  E kewara abụ dị iche iche ahụ ụzọ atọ, ma kewara strophe ọ abụọ ụzọ abụọ Stollen</link> na a discant ma ọ bụ Abgesang</link> .  Efere, na " Die Kunstausdrücke der Meistersinger</link> ", [1] na-enye ndepụta dị nke ogologo dị iche iche nke ụkwụ na ukwe na uri a gbagwojuru anya, n'ime ha niile nwere ike ịhụ n'otu n  'otu na nkà na ẹzẹ nke ndị nta chepụtara, na egwuregwu nke ka mma, ndị na-ede uri ምናልባት afu gara aga.  na Southern France.

Nzukọ

ụfọdụ ndị na-ewere ọnọdụ ma n'iche ezumezu obodo ( Rathaus ) ma ọ bụ, ọtụtụ ugboro, na Sunday na ike.  Ugboro atɔ n'afọ, n'oge Ista, Pentikọst, na Krismas, a na-eme ememe iche na iche ịbụ abụ.  N'ahọmpi ndị dị otú ahụ ma ọ bụ Schulsingen, a mgbaàmà ndị ọkàikpe ( Merker ) ka ha katọọ echiche ma rịba ama mmejọ ha megide iwu nke Tabulatur .  A na-enye ihe nrite, a na-atakwa ndị na-abụ abụ abụ nra.  Ihe nrite a bụ ego mgbe ụfọdụ, mgbe ụfọdụ okpueze, dị ka ọ dị na Nuremberg n'oge Hans Sachs.  Ifuru akụkụ dị mkpa na ewepụ ndị a.  Ọtụtụ n'oge ochie, otu onye na-agụ ịgụ na-eko kunna okpueze dị ka ihe ịma aka na ọrụ maka mmeri.  Onye meistersinger na-eyi uwe uwe na-ahụ ahụkebe nke na-ama mma.

Ọrụ omenala

Abụ Meistersinger keere òkè dị ukwuu na ndụ obodo German nke ike awụ nke 15 na 16. Omenala a na-ewusi ibu burger German ike;  dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ bụ etiti-klas na-ewu ewu nka kama elu nka.  " Meistergesang</link> " ndị na-eje ije nke 16 wee daa obere oge ka nke ahụ mma.  Omenala Meistersinger dịgidere n'ebe ndị Germany ka ịhụ afọ nke 19: ọha mmadụ na Ulm gbasara na 1839;  ụlọ akwụkwọ ikpeazụ na Memmingen na 1875.

Ihe nketa

Atụmatụ nke Richard Wagner 1868 opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg gba na guild nke Meistersingers na ịbụ abụ ha.

Ntụaka

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}Robertson, John George (1911). "Meistersinger". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). p. 86.
• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Meistersinger" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Meistersingers" . Encyclopedia Americana.

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