Onye na-akwalite uto okike
Ndị na-akwalite uto okike (NGPs) bụ ihe mgbakwunye nri maka anụmanụ ugbo.
Nkọwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-akpọ ụdị mgbakwunye nri dị iche iche maka anụmanụ ugbo dị ka ndị na-akwalite uto eke (NGPs) ma ọ bụ ndị na-akwalite uto na-abụghị ọgwụ nje. A na-ewerekarị ha dị ka ụzọ dị mma maka ndị na-akwalite uto ọgwụ nje (AGPs) na mmepụta anụ ụlọ.
Ụdị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]NGPs na-agụnyekarị acids organic, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phytogenics, tannins, nri enzymes na ihe na-akpali akpali.
Uru zuru oke
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Isi uru nke NGPs karịa AGP bụ na ha anaghị ebutekarị ihe ize ndụ ọ bụla gbasara nguzogide nje ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na ngwaahịa anụmanụ dị ka anụ, mmiri ara ehi ma ọ bụ akwa. Mgbakwunye NGP na nri anụ ụlọ nwere ike inwe ọtụtụ uru bara uru, gụnyere:
| - mmepe ngwa ngwa nke microflora dị mma nke eriri afọ |
| - nkwụsi ike nke ịgbari nri |
| - mmụba uto |
| - mkpali na uto ngwa ngwa nke usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ |
| - mbelata nke afọ ọsịsa |
| - mmeziwanye nke nri |
| - ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anwụ anwụ dị ala |
| - uru dị elu |
Ụzọ e si eme ihe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe ndị na-eme ka acid dị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-eji acidifiers, dị ka organic acids ma ọ bụ nnu ha, iji gbochie mmebi microbial nke akụrụngwa ma ọ bụ nri emechara, karịsịa n'okpuru ọnọdụ nchekwa na-adịghị mma (dịka mmiri dị elu, ọkwa dị elu nke mmetọ na ebu). Ọzọkwa, acidifiers nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ uto site na nguzobe ọnọdụ pH dị ala nke na-akwado enzymes digestive endogenous ma belata microorganisms gut na-achọghị. Ọtụtụ acidifiers nri na-adabere na propionic acid, formic acid, lactic acid na ndị ọzọ, ma dị ka otu akụkụ ma ọ bụ na ngwakọta. Ụfọdụ acidifiers nwekwara acid inorganic (dịka phosphoric acid).
Ihe ndị na-egosi na ọ dị ndụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Probiotics bụ microorganisms dị ndụ ma ọ bụ spores dị ndụ nke na-akwado mmepe nke microflora bara uru. Nje bacteria probiotic (dịka sitere na ụdị Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus) na-egbochi microorganisms ndị a na-achọghị dịka Salmonella ma ọ bụ E. coli site na igbochi ndị na-anabata na mgbidi eriri afọ, mmepụta nke ihe antimicrobial ma ọ bụ ịrụ ọrụ nke usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ.
Ihe ndị na-egbu egbu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Prebiotics bụ carbohydrates nke anụmanụ na-anaghị agbari. N'aka nke ọzọ, ha na-ahọrọ site na nje bacteria bara uru nke eriri afọ ma, ya mere, na-akwado microflora dị mma nke eriri afọ. Ndị a gụnyere fructose oligosaccharides (FOS) gụnyere inulin, transgalactose oligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS) na soy oligosaccarides dị ka stachyose, verbose na raffinose. A na-etinye Mannan oligosaccharides mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka prebiotics mana ha anaghị agba. Nke a gosipụtara site na Smiricky-Tjardes et al. na Mahadum Illinois [1] ya mere enwere ike ịkpọ ya immunosaccharides n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị ebe ọ bụ na ha na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ maka njikọ pathogen (Salmonella na E. Coli) ma na-akpata mmụba nke immunoglobulins (IgAs) na eriri afọ.
Synbiotics
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nchịkọta nchịkwa nke probiotics na prebiotics, nke a na-akpọ synbiotics, kwesiri ịkpata mmetụta njikọ aka n'ihe gbasara ahụike na arụmọrụ eriri afọ.
Ọdịdị osisi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Phytogenics sitere na ahịhịa, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ ma ọ bụ osisi na-esi ụtọ ma gosipụta antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant ma ọ bụ sedative properties. A maara ha maka mmetụta ha na-atọ ụtọ, ebe ọ bụ na ha na-eme ka nri dịkwuo ụtọ ma na-akpali enzymes na-agbari nri. Ọzọkwa, phytogenics nwere mmetụta doro anya na microflora eriri afọ.[2]
Ihe ndị e ji akpụkpọ anụ mee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Tannins bụ polyphenolic compounds nke osisi na-emepụta, na-agbanwe na ntinye site na <2% ruo ihe karịrị 20% nke ịdị arọ kpọrọ nkụ ma nwee ike ichebe osisi site na ndị na-eri ahịhịa, na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide pathogens, ma ọ bụ na-echebe anụ ahụ dịka osisi megide ire ure.[3] Nsonaazụ In-vitro na in-vivo na-egosi na abụọ n'ime ihe ndị kasị baa ụba na ndị a na-ahụkarị nke tannins, chestnut (Castanea sativa; hydrolyzable tannins) na quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii, condensed tannins) extracts, dị irè iji belata ma chịkwaa ọrịa. [4][5] Ọzọkwa a na-ewere ha dị ka ihe ọzọ sitere n'okike karịa AGPs n'ihi ihe isi ike nke nje bacteria iji zụlite nguzogide megide ụdị dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị nwere ihe ndị a.[6]
Enzymes nri
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nri anụmanụ nwere ọkwa dịgasị iche iche nke ihe oriri na-adịghị agbari agbari na ihe ndị a na-achọghị dịka fiber, phytate ma ọ bụ protein nwere mmetụta antigenic. Enwere ike itinye enzymes nri dị iche iche dịka, carbohydrases, phytases ma ọ bụ proteases na nri iji melite ojiji nke ike na ihe oriri ma ọ bụ mebie ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-achọghị. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike itinye ụfọdụ enzymes (dịka amylases, lipases) na nri ụmụ anụmanụ iji kwado nsị enzyme endogenous.
Ihe na-akpali ahụike
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe mgbakwunye nri dị iche iche nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali ma ọ bụ modulator nke usoro mgbochi. Iberibe mgbidi sel akọwapụtara nke sitere na nje bacteria ma ọ bụ yists ma ọ bụ algae nke oke osimiri nwere ike ime ka sel ndị na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ rụọ ọrụ (dịka macrophages, lymphocytes).
Ebem si dee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ In vitro fermentation characteristics of selected oligosaccharides by swine fecal microflora -- Smiricky-Tjardes et al. 81 (10): 2505 -- Journal of Animal Science. Archived from the original on 2010-09-15. Retrieved on 2011-04-22.
- ↑ Männer (Dec 2011). "Effects of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens". Poult. Sci. 90 (12): 2811–6. DOI:10.3382/ps.2011-01515. PMID 22080020.
- ↑ Scalbert, Augustin. "Antimicrobial properties of tannins." Phytochemistry 30.12 (1991): 3875-3883.
- ↑ Elizondo, Ana M., et al. "Effect of tannins on the in vitro growth of Clostridium perfringens." Veterinary microbiology 145.3 (2010): 308-314.
- ↑ Tosi, Giovanni, et al. "Efficacy test of a hydrolysable tannin extract against necrotic enteritis in challenged broiler chickens." Italian Journal of Animal Science 12.3 (2013): e62.
- ↑ Redondo, L. M., et al. "Hydrolyzable and condensed tannins resistance in Clostridium perfringens." Anaerobe 34 (2015): 139-145.