Osisi Mycoforestry
Mycoforestry is an ecological forest management system implemented to enhance forest ecosystems and plant communities through the introduction of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Mycoforestry is considered a type of permaculture and can be implemented as a beneficial component of an agroforestry system. Mycoforestry can enhance the yields of tree crops and produce edible mushrooms, an economically valuable product. By integrating plant-fungal associations into a forestry management system, native forests can be preserved, wood waste can be recycled back into the ecosystem, carbon sequestration can be increased, planted restoration sites are enhanced, and the sustainability of forest ecosystems are improved.[1][2] Mycoforestry is an alternative to the practice of clearcutting, which removes dead wood from forests, thereby diminishing nutrient availability and reducing soil depth.
Nhọrọ nke ụdị fungal[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Dị ka Paul Stamets si kwuo, ụkpụrụ mbụ maka ịmepụta usoro mycoforestry bụ iji ụdị fungal. Ịmejuputa usoro mycoforestry na-enye ikike nke imeziwanye mgbalị mweghachi na ohere nke uru akụ na ụba site na ịkọ ihe na owuwe ihe ubi. Otú ọ dị iji jiri osisi fungal, nke mbụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụdị fungal dị ugbu a na ihe na-eto eto, na ebe obibi kwesịrị ịmụ.
Ụzọ dị mfe iji webata usoro mycoforestry ma bulie ihe ọkụkụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ bụ "iji mycorrhizal spore inoculum mgbe ị na-akụ ala ọhịa ọzọ".[1] Maka usoro a, ọ kachasị mma iji jikọta osisi ndị a mụrụ na mycorrhizal fungi. Usoro a na-echekwa ma ga-akwalite ọrụ nke usoro okike, na ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ.
A na-eche na n'ime usoro okike na-arụ ọrụ na netwọk mycelial dị n'okpuru ala na-adịgide ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe na-amị mkpụrụ a na-ahụ anya.[3] Oge nke anwụrụ ọkụ na-apụ n'anya n'ebe ekwesịghị ịkpata egwu. Iji mee ka e nwee ihe na-amị mkpụrụ, ọtụtụ ụdị fungal chọrọ ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ụfọdụ. Ọtụtụ ụdị fungus anaghị amị mkpụrụ n'afọ niile.
Mycoforestry bụ ngalaba sayensị na-apụta na omume.[1] Ruo mgbe e mepụtara ma mezue usoro iwu zuru oke, nchịkọta nke ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi ugbu a na nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ga-eme ka ihe ịga nke ọma nke ọrụ ahụ dịkwuo mma.[1] Ya mere, nyocha nke mmekọrịta fungal na saịtị ahụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ kachasị mma na nke na-adịghị mma bara uru maka mmejuputa usoro mycoforestry.
Fungi Saprotrophic[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ụkpụrụ nke abụọ bụ ịkwalite saprotrophic fungi na gburugburu ebe obibi.[1] Saprophytic fungi dị oke mkpa maka usoro mycoforestry n'ihi na ndị a bụ ndị isi na-emepụta osisi ma na-eweghachi ihe oriri n'ala maka iji ya mee ihe n'ime ọhịa ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ime nke a site na itinye ihe mkpofu osisi n'ebe ahụ. Enwere ike iji mmanụ spore [jargon] mee ihe na chainsaws mgbe osisi siri ike ma ọ bụ nke na-awakpo chọrọ igbu osisi. Usoro a bụ ụzọ dị mfe iji tinye ọgwụ n'osisi. Tụkwasị na nke a, enwere ike itinye plug spawn ma tinye ya n'ime osisi ọzọ na-akpali mmeri site na fungus ahọpụtara. N'ikpeazụ, mgbalị ndị a na-eme ugboro ugboro ekwesịghị ịdị mkpa n'ihi na ọtụtụ ụdị ndụ fungal siri ike ma ga-agbasa ma na-adịgide n'ala n'onwe ha.[3]
Na njikwa nke usoro mycoforestry, ọ dị mkpa ka osisi nwụrụ anwụ metụta ala. Nke a na-enye ohere ka fungus si n'ala ruo ma mebie osisi dara ada na-ewepụta ihe oriri ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụrụ na a hapụrụ osisi ahụ.[1] Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ dị mkpa ịhapụ osisi nwụrụ anwụ n'ebe ahụ maka ire ure n'ime ala.[1] Echiche a dabere n'otu aka ahụ n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na igbu osisi n'ụzọ doro anya na-ebelata ihe oriri na ọkpụrụkpụ ala.[4]
Mmekọrịta fungal bara uru[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Isi nke atọ bụ itinye n'ọrụ ụdị ndị a maara na ha na-abara ụdị osisi uru.[1] Ndị a na-abụkarị mycorrhizal fungus nke na-ejikọta ogologo oge na osisi, na-agbasakarị n'ime mgbọrọgwụ osisi, na'arụ ọrụ dị ka usoro mgbọrọgwụ ọzọ, ma na-enye maka ịmịkọrọ ihe na-edozi ahụ na mmiri.
Iji ụdị mushroom na-adọta ụmụ ahụhụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe bara uru maka nri azụ. Omume a na-eme ka mycoforestry bụrụ usoro buru ibu. N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ usoro ọrụ ugbo ọ na-enyere gburugburu ebe obibi aka n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. Ọ na-ejikọta akụkụ niile nke gburugburu ebe obibi ọnụ, na-emepụta ndụ na-adịgide adịgide na mmepụta nri yana ịkụ azụ na-adịgidere adịgide yiri nke Hawaiian Ahupua'a oge ochie, nke na-eji akụkụ niile nke ala maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na nri.
Tụkwasị na nke a, enwere ike itinye ụdị fungal ndị na-asọ mpi na ọrịa na-akpata ihe dịka Armillaria root rots, iji nye nchebe ogologo oge nke usoro ọhịa.[1]
Tụkwasị na nke a, mmejuputa usoro agroforestry na-eme mycoremediation na mycofiltration, na-ehichapụ nsí ma na-eweghachi gburugburu ebe obibi.
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Trees portal
- Mgbapụta
Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Stamets (2005). Mycelium running: how mushrooms can help save the world. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-579-2. “mycoforestry.” Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "stamets" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Thomas (2023-03-21). "Edible fungi crops through mycoforestry, potential for carbon negative food production and mitigation of food and forestry conflicts" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120 (12): e2220079120. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2220079120. ISSN 0027-8424.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Frankland, Juliet C. All you ever wanted to know about Mycelium. NWFG Newsletter. April 1997. (ISSN 1465-8054) Print.
- ↑ Dahlgren, R. A.; Driscoll, C. T. The effects of whole-tree clear-cutting on soil processes at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Plant and Soil. Volume 158, Number 2 / January 1994.
Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Fungi na Sustainability. Magazin Fungi Oge opupu ihe ubi nke afọ 2008.
- Stamets, Paul. Mycotechnology. Fungi Perfecti