Osisi ntụ
Osisi ntụ bụ ntụ ntụ fọdụrụ mgbe ọkụ nke osisi gasịrị, dị ka ọkụ ọkụ na ọkụ, ọkụ ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ. Ọ bụ nke ukwuu mejupụtara calcium ogige tinyere ndị ọzọ na-adịghị combustible Chọpụta ihe dị na osisi. Ejila ya mee ọtụtụ ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.
Ihe ndị e dere n'ime ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mgbanwe na nyocha[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Nlebanya zuru oke nke ihe mejupụtara osisi ash sitere na ọtụtụ ụdị osisi ka Emil Wolff mere.[1] Ọtụtụ ihe nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ihe mejupụtara ya:
- Ọcha dị mma: Nnyocha ụfọdụ na-agụnye ihe siri ike na-esi na anwụrụ ọkụ na-agbapụ n'oge ọkụ, ebe ndị ọzọ anaghị agbapụ.
- Okpomọkụ nke ọkụ.[2] Mkpụrụ nke ntụ na-ebelata na okpomọkụ ọkụ na-arịwanye elu nke na-emepụta mmetụta abụọ kpọmkwem:
- Dissociation: Mgbanwe nke carbonates, sulfides, wdg, na oxides na-akpata carbon, sulfur, carbonates, ma ọ bụ sulfides. Ụfọdụ metallic oxides (dịka mercuric oxide) ọbụna na-ekewapụ na ọnọdụ elemental ha na / ma ọ bụ na-agbawa kpamkpam na okpomọkụ ọkụ osisi (600 °C (1,112 ).)
- Volatilization: N'ọmụmụ ihe ebe a na-adịghị atụ ntụ gbapụrụ agbapụ, ụfọdụ ngwaahịa ọkụ nwere ike ọ gaghị adị ma ọlị. Arsenic dịka ọmụmaatụ abụghị volatile, mana arsenic trioxide bụ (ebe ọ na-esi: 465 °C (869 )).
- Usoro nnwale: Ọ bụrụ na a na-ekpughe ntụ ahụ na gburugburu ebe obibi n'etiti ọkụ na nyocha ahụ, oxides nwere ike ịlaghachi na carbonates site na imeghachi omume na carbon dioxide na ikuku. Ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'elu mmiri n'oge ahụ nwere ike ịmị mmiri nke ikuku.
- Ụdị, afọ, na gburugburu ebe obibi na-eto eto nke osisi na-emetụta ihe mejupụtara osisi (dịka osisi siri ike na osisi dị nro), ya mere ntụ. Osisi siri ike na-emepụta ntụ karịa osisi ndị dị nro nwere ụgbụgbọ osisi na akwụkwọ na-emepụta ihe karịrị akụkụ dị n'ime ogwe osisi ahụ.[3][3]
Nlele[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Dị ka otu nnyocha si kwuo na nkezi, ọkụ ọkụ na-ere n'ihe dị ka pasenti ntụ isii ruo iri.A na-emepụta ntụ ntụ nke 0.43 na 1.82 pasent nke osisi ọkụ (ihe nkụ) maka osisi ụfọdụ ma ọ bụrụ na a na-eme ya ruo mgbe ihe niile na-efe efe ga-apụ n'anya ma kpọọ ya ọkụ na 350 °C (662 ) ruo awa asatọ. [1] Ọzọkwa ọnọdụ nke combustion na-emetụta ihe mejupụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke fọdụrụ ash, otú ahụ elu okpomọkụ ga-ebelata ash mkpụrụ.[4]
Nnyocha nke ihe ndị dị mkpa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, ntụ osisi nwere ihe ndị a:
- Carbon (C) bụ pasent 50.
- Calcium (Ca) 733%
- Potassium (K) 3-4%
- Magnesium (Mg) na-adị n'otu n'ime
- Manganese (Mn) 0.30.3%
- Phosphorus (P) 0.3[[1.4%]]
- Sodium (Na) 0.2[[0.5%.
Ngwakọta kemịkal[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
As the wood burns, it produces different compounds depending on the temperature used. Some studies cite calcium carbonate (Àtụ:Chem) as the major constituent, others find no carbonate at all but calcium oxide (Àtụ:Chem) instead. The latter is produced at higher temperatures (see calcination).[2] The equilibrium reaction CaCO3 → CO2 + CaO has its equilibrium shifted leftward at Àtụ:Convert and high Àtụ:CO2 partial pressure (such as in a wood fire) but shifted rightward at Àtụ:Convert or when Àtụ:CO2 partial pressure is reduced.
Ọtụtụ n'ime ntụ osisi nwere calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dị ka isi ihe mejupụtara ya, na-anọchite anya pasenti Iri abụọ na isema ọ bụ ọbụna pasenti iri anọ na ise nke oke ntụ.[5][6] Na 600 °C (1,112 ) A chọpụtara CaCO3 na K2CO3 n'otu ikpe. Ihe na-erughị pasenti iri bụ potash, ihe na-ereghị otu pasenti bụ phosphate.[5]
Ihe ndị e ji mara ya[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Okwukwe 1.6-55 ‰
- Ọ bụrụ na 6-170 ‰
- Na 1.2-45 ‰
- Mn 1-20 ‰
- Dị ka 0.6-50 ppm
- Cd 0.18-60 ppm
- Pb 2-500 ppm
- Cr 12-280 ppm
- Ọ dịghị 10-140 ppm
- V 1.8-120 ppm
Mmanụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Otu nnyocha achọpụtala na osisi na-ere ọkụ nke nta nke nta (100200 (212 202 ) na-agụnye 16 alkenes, 5 alkadienes, 5 alkynes na ọtụtụ alkanes na arenes n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀. Ethene, acetylene na benzene bụ akụkụ dị mkpa na ọkụ dị mma.[7][7] A chọpụtara na pasent nke C3-C7 alkenes dị elu maka smouldering.[7] Benzene na 1,3-butadiene mebere ~ 10-20% na ~ 1-2% site n'ịdị arọ nke mkpokọta hydrocarbons na-abụghị methane..[7]
Ojiji[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Enwere ike iji ntụ osisi mee ihe dị ka fatịlaịza eji eme ka ala ugbo baa ọgaranya. N'ọrụ a, ntụ osisi na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi nke potassium na calcium carbonate, nke ikpeazụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka ala acid ghara ịdị.[5]
A pụkwara iji ntụ osisi mee ihe dị ka mmezigharị maka ihe ngwọta hydroponic nke anụ ahụ, n'ozuzu na-anọchi ihe ndị na-enweghị anụ ahụ nwere calcium, potassium, magnesium na phosphorus.[8]
Hụkwa Ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Onye na-ere ntụ (ọrụ ọdịnala)
- Ọkụ dị n'okpuru
- Ọkụ
- Ọkụ na-efe efe
- Ashery – A location or factory producing lye from wood ash
Ihe edeturu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Edensibia[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ Wolff (1871). Aschen-Analysen. Berlin: Wiegandt und Hempel.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 (1993) "Wood Ash Composition as a Function of Furnace Temperature". Biomass and Bioenergy 4 (2): 103–116. DOI:10.1016/0961-9534(93)90032-Y. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "misra" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:1 - ↑ (1991) "Physical and chemical characteristics of wood ash". Bioresource Technology 37 (2): 173–178. DOI:10.1016/0960-8524(91)90207-Z.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lerner BR (16 November 2000). Wood Ash in the Garden. Purdue University, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. Retrieved on 2008-10-01. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "purdue" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Hume E (11 April 2006). Wood Ashes: How to use them in the Garden. Ed Hume Seeds. Archived from the original on 2019-07-05.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Barrefors (April 1995). "Volatile hydrocarbons from domestic wood burning" (in en). Chemosphere 30 (8): 1551–1556. DOI:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00048-D.
- ↑ Sholto Douglas (1985). Advanced guide to hydroponics: (soiless cultivation). London: Pelham Books, 345–351. ISBN 9780720715712.