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Perlite

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Perlite gbasaa.

Perlite bụ iko mgbawa ugwu amorphous nke nwere oke mmiri dị elu, nke a na-etolite site na hydration nke obsidian. Ọ na-apụta n'ụzọ nkịtị ma nwee ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ịgbasa nke ukwuu mgbe ọkụ zuru oke. Ọ bụ ịnweta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, kwesịrị ekwesị "dị ka seramiiki flux iji belata okpomọkụ nke sintering", yana ngwaahịa azụmahịa bara uru maka njupụta ya dị ala mgbe nhazi ya.[1]

Ihe onwunwe

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Nkume perlite nwere fireweed n'ihu

Perlite na-adị nro mgbe ọ ruru okpomọkụ nke 850-900 . Mmiri tọrọ n'ime ihe ahụ na-agbaze ma na-agbapụ, nke a na-eme ka ihe ahụ gbasaa ruo okpukpu 7-16 nke mbụ ya. Ihe gbasaa bụ ihe na-acha ọcha na-egbuke egbuke, n'ihi ngosipụta nke efere ndị a tọrọ atọ. Unxpanded ("raw") perlite nwere nnukwu njupụta gburugburu 1100 kg/m3 (1.1 g/cm3), ebe a na-ahụkarị perlite gbasaa nwere nnukwu njirimara nke ihe dị ka 3-150 kg/m3.[2]  

Nnyocha a na-ahụkarị

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  • 70-75% 2" href="./Silicon_dioxide" id="mwKg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Silicon dioxide">silicon dioxide: SiO2
  • 12-15% aluminum oxide: Al2O3
  • 3-4% sodium oxide: Na2O
  • 3-5% 2" href="./Potassium_oxide" id="mwNA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Potassium oxide">potassium oxide: K2O
  • 0.5-2% 3" href="./Iron_oxide" id="mwNw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Iron oxide">iron oxide: Fe2O3
  • 0.2-0.7% magnesium oxide: MgO
  • 0.5-1.5% calcium oxide: CaO
  • 3-5% ọnwụ na ọkụ (mmiri kemịkal / ngwakọta) [3]

Ebe e si nweta ya na mmepụta ya

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Mmanụ ala Perlite na Owens Valley, California.

Perlite bụ ihe na-enweghị ike imezigharị. A na-eme atụmatụ na ebe nchekwa ụwa nke perlite dị nde tọn 700.[4]

Ihe onwunwe ndị e gosipụtara na Armenia ruru nde m3, ebe ngụkọta nke ihe onwunwe a tụrụ anya ya ruru ijeri m3.[5] N'ịtụle njupụta a kapịrị ọnụ nke 1.1 ton / m3 kwenyesiri ike na Armenia ruru nde tọn 165.

Ihe ndị ọzọ a kọrọ na ha nwere ihe ndị ahụ bụ: Gris - nde tọn 120, Turkey, USA na Hungary - ihe dị ka nde tọn 49-57. [6][7]

Perlite mmepụta ụwa, nke China, Turkey, Greece, USA, Armenia na Hungary duziri, ruru nde tọn 4.6 na 2018. [6][7]

Ojiji

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N'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala na ọnụahịa dị ala (ihe dị ka US $ 150 kwa tọn nke perlite a na-agbasaghị agbasa), e mepụtara ọtụtụ ngwa azụmahịa maka perlite.

Ihe owuwu na mmepụta

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N'ọhịa na-ewu ma na-emepụta ihe, a na-eji ya eme ihe na plaster dị mfe, simenti na simenti, ihe mkpuchi na tebụl elu ụlọ. [8] A pụkwara iji ya mee ihe iji wuo ihe ndị mejupụtara nke a na-ahazi ma ọ bụ iji mepụta ụfụfụ. [9][10]

Perlite filters bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na nzacha biya tupu etinye ya na karama.   [citation needed]

A na-ejikwa obere perlite mee ihe na foundries, cryogenic insulation, na ceramics (dị ka ihe mgbakwunye ụrọ). [11] Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta bọmbụ na-ejikwa ya.[12]

Nchịkọta mmiri

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A na-eji Perlite ugbu a na teknụzụ nzacha ọdọ mmiri azụmahịa, dị ka nnọchi nzacha ụwa diatomaceous. Perlite bụ ezigbo enyemaka nzacha ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe ọzọ na ụwa diatomaceous. Owuwu nke ojiji perlite dị ka ihe nzacha na-eto nke ukwuu n'ụwa niile. Ọtụtụ ngwaahịa dị n'ahịa iji nye nzacha dabere na perlite. Ọtụtụ ihe nzacha perlite na mgbasa ozi perlite ezutela nkwado NSF-50 (Aquify PMF Series na AquaPerl), nke na-ahazi ogo mmiri na nchekwa teknụzụ na arụmọrụ. Enwere ike iwepụ Perlite n'enweghị nsogbu site na sistemu nsị dị ugbu a, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ọdọ mmiri na-ahọrọ ikewapụ perlite site na iji tankị edozi ma ọ bụ sistemụ nyocha ka a tụfuo ya iche.[Tinye edensibịa]

Biotechnology

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N'ihi nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ na nke igwe, enweghị nsị, na iguzogide dị elu megide mwakpo microbial na solvents organic, a na-eji perlite eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ngwa biotechnological. A chọpụtara na Perlite bụ ezigbo nkwado maka immobilization nke biocatalysts dị ka enzymes maka Bioremediation na sensing applications.[13]

Ọrụ ugbo

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Na horticulture, a pụrụ iji perlite mee ihe dị ka mmezi ala ma ọ bụ naanị ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mmiri ma ọ bụ maka ịmalite ịkpụcha. Mgbe ejiri ya dị ka mmezigharị, ọ nwere nnukwu permeability na obere mmiri ma na-enyere aka igbochi mkpakọ ala.[14]

Ihe ntecha

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A na-eji perlite eme ihe ntecha dị ka ihe na-amị amị na ihe na-eme ka ihe dị nro.[15][16]  

Ndị na-anọchi ya

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Enwere ike dochie Perlite maka ojiji ya niile. Ndị na-anọchi anya gụnyere:

  • Diatomite, nke a na-eji eme ihe maka nzacha
  • Ọkpụkpụ ụrọ gbasaa, ihe ọzọ na-adịghị arọ maka ihe owuwu
  • Akpụkpọ anụ
  • Pumice
  • Ihe otiti
  • Vermiculite - ọtụtụ ndị na-agbasawanye perlite na-ewepụkwa vermiculite ma bụrụ ndị otu azụmahịa abụọ ahụ

Nchebe n'ebe ọrụ

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Dị ka perlite nwere silicon dioxide, a na-atụ aro ugogbe anya na ihe mkpuchi silica mgbe ị na-ejikwa nnukwu ihe.

United States

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Ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa na ahụike n'ọrụ (OSHA) setịpụrụ oke iwu (ókè ikpughe) maka ikpughe perlite n'ebe ọrụ dị ka 15 mg / m3 zuru ezu ikpughe na 5 mg / m 3 iku ume n'ime ụbọchị ọrụ awa 8.   National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) setịpụrụ oke ikpughe (REL) nke 10 mg / m33 zuru ezu na 5 mg / m2 iku ume n'ime ụbọchị ọrụ awa 8.[17]  

Hụkwa

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  • Biochar
  • Igwe ụfụfụ
  • Mmanụ ala ụlọ ọrụ
  • Mmanụ ala (firestop)
  • Vermiculite

Ebem si dee

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  1. ↑ Reka (24 October 2019). "Chemical, mineralogical and structural features of native and expanded perlite from Macedonia" (in en). Geologia Croatica 72 (3): 215–221–215–221. DOI:10.4154/gc.2019.18. ISSN 1333-4875. Retrieved on 4 January 2020. 
  2. ↑ Maxim (2014-04-01). "Perlite toxicology and epidemiology – a review". Inhalation Toxicology 26 (5): 259–270. DOI:10.3109/08958378.2014.881940. ISSN 0895-8378. PMID 24601903. 
  3. ↑ Md Arifuzzaman and H. S. Kim, "Prediction and evaluation of density and volume fractions for the novel perlite composite affected by internal structure formation", Construction and Building Materials, Vol 141, 2017, 201–215.
  4. ↑ Celik (2013-02-27). Expanded perlite aggregate characterization for use as a lightweight construction raw material. Research Gate. Retrieved on 2024-05-29.
  5. ↑ General Information - Mining Resources - www.minenergy.am. www.minenergy.am. Retrieved on 2019-06-10.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 M. Bennett. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries - PERLITE. U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries. Archived from the original on 2019-12-24. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Perlite Statistics and Information. www.usgs.gov. Retrieved on 2019-06-10. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ Wallace P. Bolen Perlite USGS 2009 Minerals Yearbook
  9. ↑ Md Arifuzzaman and H. S. Kim, Novel flexural behaviour of sandwich structures made of perlite foam/sodium silicate core and paper skin, Construction and Building Materials, Construction and Building Materials, Vol 148 2017, pp 321–333.
  10. ↑ Dipendra Shastri and H. S. Kim, “A new consolidation process for expanded perlite particles”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol 60, June, 2014, pp.1–7.
  11. ↑ Moradi (2019). "Immobilization of Lewis acidic ionic liquid on perlite nanoparticle surfaces as a highly efficient solid acid catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of xanthene derivatives". RSC Advances 9 (35): 19940–19948. DOI:10.1039/c9ra03312b. PMID 35514727. 
  12. ↑ Emulsion explosive composition containing expanded perlite United States Patent 4940497
  13. ↑ Torabi (2007-08-31). "Covalent attachment of cholesterol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase on perlite through silanization: Activity, stability and co-immobilization". Journal of Biotechnology 131 (2): 111–120. DOI:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.04.015. PMID 17658643. 
  14. ↑ ISU Extension News Release. iastate.edu. Archived from the original on 2004-03-23.
  15. ↑ Perlite. L'Oréal. Retrieved on 2020-10-04.
  16. ↑ Winter (2009-10-20). A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients, 7th Edition: Complete Information About the Harmful and Desirable Ingredients Found in Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals (in en). Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony/Rodale, 402. ISBN 978-0-307-45986-2. 
  17. ↑ CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Perlite. www.cdc.gov. Retrieved on 2015-11-27.
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