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Queen Amina

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Ebe Zaria/Zazzau dị na Naijiria nke oge a

Amina (also Aminatu,[1] born c. 1533; died 1610; pronunciationⓘ) was a Hausa[2] historical figure in the city-state of Zazzau (now Zaria in Kaduna State), in what is now the north-west region of Nigeria. Official/palace tradition has her having reigned as queen (sarauniya),[a] however other traditions say she was a princess (gimbiya).[3]: 275  While her name isn't present on regnal lists found in the Chronicle of Abuja and two published by E. J. Arnett, local traditions say she ruled the territory she conquered. According to some sources, she reigned from 1576–1610.[4]: 34 

Oge ọ malitere

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A mụrụ Amina n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na isii OA n'aka Eze Nikatau, onye ọchịchị nke iri abụọ na abụọ nke Zazzau, na Eze Nwanyị Bakwa Turunku (r. 1536–c. 1566).[1] (Steeti Kaduna).[2][1] Dịka akụkọ ifo ndị ọkà mmụta ihe gbasara mmadụ bụ́ David E. Jones si chịkọtara si kwuo, a zụlitere Amina n'obí nna nna ya, ọ hụkwara ya n'anya. Ọ na-ebuga ya n'ụlọikpe ma na-akụziri ya nke ọma n'ihe gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na agha.[5]

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, a kpọrọ Amina Magajiya (onye nketa), ma nye ya ndị ohu nwanyị iri anọ (kuyanga). [6] Site na nwata, Amina nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-achọ ịlụ ya. Mgbalị ndị e mere iji nweta aka ya gụnyere "onyinye ndị ohu iri kwa ụbọchị" site na Makama na "ndị ohu nwoke iri ise na ndị ohu nwanyị iri ise yana akpa iri ise nke ákwà ọcha na acha anụnụ anụnụ" site na Sarkin Kano.[6]

Mgbe nne na nna ya nwụsịrị na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 1566, nwanne Amina ghọrọ eze Zazzau. N'oge a, Amina gosipụtara onwe ya dị ka "onye agha na-eduga na ndị agha ịnyịnya nke nwanne ya nwoke" ma bụrụ onye a ma ama maka nkà agha ya.[1] A ka na-eme emume ya taa n'abụ otuto ọdịnala Hausa dị ka "Amina nwa nwanyị nke Nikatau, nwanyị nwere ike dịka nwoke nwere ike iduga ụmụ nwoke n'agha". [1]

Mgbasawanye na ịchịkwa

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Mgbe nwanne ya nwoke Karama nwụsịrị na 1576, omenala ụfọdụ na-ekwu na Amina rịgooro n'ọkwa eze nwanyị.[6] Zazzau bụ otu n'ime mba asaa mbụ nke Hausa (Hausa Bakwai), ndị ọzọ bụ Daura, Kano, Gobir, Katsina, Rano, na Garun Gabas. [6] [7]Jones (2000). Women Warriors: A History. Brassey's. ISBN 1-57488-206-6. </ref> Tupu Amina ewere ocheeze, Zazzau bụ otu n'ime steeti ndị a kachasị ukwuu. Ọ bụkwa isi iyi nke ndị ohu nke ndị ahịa Arab ga-ere n'ahịa ohu nke Kano na Katsina. [8]

Only three months after being crowned queen, Amina waged a 34-year campaign against her neighbors, to expand Zazzau territory.[5][7][6] Expansion north was blocked by Kano and Katsina, and east by the Jos Plateau; therefore she campaigned to the southeast and southwest. Her army, consisting of 20,000 foot soldiers and 1,000 cavalry troops, was well trained and fearsome.[5] In fact, one of her first announcements to her people was a call for them to "resharpen their weapons."[5] She conquered large tracts of land as far as Kwararafa and Nupe,[6] including Bauchi and Yauri. Sokoto caliph Muhammad Bello claimed she reached what presumably was the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers, and extracted tribute from Katsina and Kano, however contemporary historians dispute the latter claim. The Chronicle of Abuja says she received 40 eunuchs and 10,000 kola nuts from Nupe's ruler, introducing these to Hausaland. Akụkọ mgbe ochie nke Sidney John Hogben kwuru na ọ kpọọrọ onye ọ hụrụ n'anya ọhụrụ n'obodo ọ bụla ọ gafere, nke a sịrị na onye ọ bụla n'ime ha zutere otu ihe ọjọọ ahụ n'ụtụtụ: "e gbupụrụ di ya dị mkpirikpi ka ọ ghara ịdị ndụ iji kọọ akụkọ ahụ". [6] N'okpuru Amina, Zazzau chịkọtara ọtụtụ ókèala karịa mgbe ọ bụla. Iji gosi ma chebe ala ọhụrụ ya, Amina nwere mgbidi ụrọ gbara obodo ya gburugburu. Mgbidi ndị a ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mba ahụ ruo mgbe Ndị Britain meriri Zazzau na 1904, ọtụtụ n'ime ha ka dị taa, nke a maara dị ka ganuwar Amina (mgbidi Amina). [6]

Ọnwụ

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A maghị kpọmkwem ọnọdụ ọnwụ Amina. Onye ọkà mmụta Alakụba nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu bụ Dan Tafa na-ekwu na "Ọ nwụrụ n'ebe a na-akpọ Attaagar. Ọ bụ n'ihi nke a ka alaeze Zazzau bụ nke kachasị ukwuu n'etiti alaeze ndị Hausa, ebe ọ bụ na Bauchi gụnyere ọtụtụ mpaghara. " [9] Dabere na akụkọ Tafa, Sidney John Hogben na-akọ na "Amina na Atagara na A Sunday kwuru na ọ nwụrụ na omenala ya ọzọ: "[6]

Dị ka otu akụkọ si kwuo, nwanne ya nwanyị Zaria nọchiri Amina.[10]

Ihe Nketa

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Dị ka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Britain Michael Crowder kwuru, mgbe ọnwụ Amina gasịrị

Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-egosi Queen Amina na mmepụta ihe nkiri

  Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ịga nke ọma Amina dị ka onye ọchịchị enweghị mmetụta na ndị inyom nọchiri ya, Amina nwere aha na-adịgide adịgide, na-eru nso n'akụkọ ifo, dị ka nwanyị agha. N'akwụkwọ ya nke 1812 Infaq al-Maysur, Sultan Bello nke Sokoto dere, sị:   E wezụga mgbasawanye ya nke ala Zazzau, o mepụtara ụzọ azụmaahịa n'ebe ugwu Afrịka niile.[7] Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-ekwu na Amina nyere iwu ka e wuo usoro pụrụ iche nke mgbidi ndị Hausa oge ochie, nke a maara dị ka 'mgbidi Amina', yana iwebata ịkọ mkpụrụ osisi kola n'ógbè ahụ. [11][12]

Ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Otu n'ime ihe odide ndị mbụ kpọtụrụ Amina aha bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Muhammed Bello Ifaq al-Maysur, nke e dere n'ihe dị ka 1836. Ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ "onye mbụ guzobere ọchịchị n'etiti [ndị Hausa]," ma manye Katsina, Kano na mpaghara ndị ọzọ ịkwụ ya ụtụ.[13] Bello enyeghị nkọwa zuru ezu banyere ya. A kpọtụrụ ya aha na Kano Chronicle, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo Kano, nke a na-ele anya nke ọma, nke e dere na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, mana na-etinye ihe ndekọ mbụ. Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme a si kwuo, ọ bụ onye ya na Muhammad Dauda dịkọrọ ndụ, onye chịrị site na 1421 ruo 1438, Amina merikwara ruo Nupe na Kwarafa, na-anakọta ụtụ isi site n'ebe dị anya ma chịa ruo afọ 34. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-anabata ozi a ma kwuo na ọ chịrị n'oge mmalite ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na ise.

E nwekwara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Zaria n'onwe ya, nke e dere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu ma gbasaa na 1902, nke e bipụtara na 1910, nke na-enye ndepụta nke ndị ọchịchị na oge ọchịchị ha. A kpọtụghị Amina aha n'ihe ndekọ a, mana ọdịnala a na-ekwu n'ọnụ na mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ weere ya dị ka nwa nwanyị nke Bakwa Turunku, onye ihe ndekọ ahụ kwuru na ọ chịrị site na 1492 ruo 1522. N'ihi nke a, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta kwuru na ọ chịrị na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na isii.[6] Otú ọ dị, ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Abdullahi Smith, na-etinye ọchịchị ya mgbe 1576 gasịrị.

Ihe ngosi ọdịbendị nke oge a

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Ihe oyiyi nke Queen Amina na National Arts Theatre na Lagos StateLagos Steeti
  • Ihe oyiyi Queen Amina na National Arts Theatre na Lagos State na-asọpụrụ ya, ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na-ebu aha ya.[7]
  • Amina bụ onye isi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akụkọ ifo Queen of Zazzau (2018) nke J.S. Emuakpor, dabere na ndụ ya malitere na 1557 OA.
  • Amina bụ ihe kpaliri onye Malika na akwụkwọ akụkọ Malika: Warrior Queen (2017) nke Roye Okupe kwuru na akwụkwọ na-acha uhie uhie nke onye edemede ahụ mepụtara.[14]
  • Na Education, ihe omume nke ise nke ihe nkiri Small Axe nke Steve McQueen, Kingsley Smith dị afọ iri na abụọ ji mmeri gụọ akụkọ Amina nye ezinụlọ ya, mgbe ọ mụtachara ịgụ akwụkwọ.
  • N'egwuregwu vidio Age of Empires III: Definitive Edition Queen Amina pụtara dị ka onye ndú nke mmepeanya Hausa.
  • Amina pụtara dị ka onye ndú nke Zazzau na 1444, ogologo oge tupu ndụ ya, na Europa Universalis IV. Ọ bụkwa onye ọchịagha, nke ndị ọchịchị nwanyị na-enweghị ike ịnọ n'egwuregwu ahụ, ma nwee ezigbo stats.
  • Ihe nkiri Amina nke 2021 gosipụtara ịrịgo ya n'ocheeze. Ọ bụ Izu Ojukwu duziri ya.
  • Amina pụtara dị ka Great General na egwuregwu vidio Civilization VI na onye ndu nwere ike igwu egwu na Civilization VII.

Omenala ọnụ e dere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya nwere usoro akụkọ na-akpali akpali gbasara eze nwanyị, ndị a abanyela n'ọdịnala ama ama. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ: Amina bụ dike dị ike ma nwee mmasị n'ịlụ ọgụ. Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, nne nne ya bụ́ Marka, nwunye nna nna ya bụ́ Sarkin Nohir, hụrụ ya n'anya, jidere ya ka o ji mma agha. Amina ji mma agha ahụ emeghị ka Marka tụọ ụjọ, kama ọ bụ na Amina jidere ya kpọmkwem dịka onye agha ga-eme. Mgbe ọ bụ okenye, ọ jụrụ ịlụ di maka egwu nke ịda mbà n'ike. O nyeere Zazzau (Zaria) aka ịghọ ebe azụmaahịa na inweta ala karịa. Nne ya, Bakwa, nwụrụ mgbe Amina dị afọ 36, wee hapụ ya ka ọ chịa Zaria.[15]

Osisi ezinụlọ

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Hụkwa

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Ihe edeturu

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Edemsibia

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  1. 1 2 3 (2008) "AMINATU, QUEEN OF ZARIA", in Smith: The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History (in en). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195148909. 
  2. ↑ Amina, Warrior Queen of Zaria. Change the Script. Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved on 2026-03-03.
  3. ↑ Amadu (1984). "The Hausa and their neighbours in central Sudan", General History of Africa: Volume 4. UNESCO Publishing. 
  4. ↑ Falola (2009-07-01). Historical Dictionary of Nigeria (in en). Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. ISBN 978-0-8108-6316-3. 
  5. 1 2 3 4 (1999–2002) Women in world history : a biographical encyclopedia, Commire, Anne., Klezmer, Deborah., Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications. ISBN 078763736X. OCLC 41108563. Women in world history : a biographical encyclopedia.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hogben (1966). Emirates of Northern Nigeria. London: Oxford University Press, 215–255. Hogben, S.J. (1966).
  7. 1 2 3 4 Jones (2000). Women Warriors: A History. Brassey's. ISBN 1-57488-206-6. Jones, David E (2000).
  8. ↑ Crowder, Michael. (1978). The story of Nigeria, 1st publ. in this non-net, London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0571112102. OCLC 178813654. 
  9. ↑ Tafa. Rawdat al-Afkaar. Timbuktu, Mali: Sankore Institute. 
  10. ↑ Abubakr (1992). "Queen Amina of Zaria", in Awe: Nigerian Women in Historical Perspective (in en). Sankore Publishers; Bookcraft. “It has even been suggested in one account that Amina was also succeeded by her sister, Zaria.” 
  11. ↑ Kinni (2015). Pan-Africanism : political philosophy and socio-economic anthropology for African liberation and governance, Caribbean and African American contributions.. Mankon, Cameroon: Langaa Research & Publishing. ISBN 9789956762651. OCLC 929790888. 
  12. ↑ Asante, Molefi Kete (December 2018). The history of Africa : the quest for eternal harmony. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781315168166. OCLC 1045650307. 
  13. ↑ Muhammad Bello, Infaq 'l-Maysuur, chapter 7, translated Muhammad Shareef, (Sennar, Sudan,2008) Archived copy. Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved on 2010-10-30.
  14. ↑ YouNeek African Heroes - An All Ages Coloring & Activity Book. youneekstudios.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-23.
  15. ↑ She's one of those female fighter that fought very hard and she also created a legacy by leading her men from her kingdom to war Woman that lead mean to war. naijabiography (28 May 2020).
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