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Rafael Marques de Morais

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Rafael Marques de Morais
Born (1971-08-31) 31 Ọgọstụ 1971 (age 53)
Luanda, Angola
NationalityAngolan
OccupationJournalist
OrganizationMaka Angola
Known forReporting on corruption, human rights and conflict diamonds in Angola.
Awards

Rafael Marques de Morais (amụrụ n'afọ 1971 [1]) bụ onye nta akụkọ Angola na onye na-emegide nrụrụ aka [2] [3] onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye mba ụwa maka akụkọ ya gbasara diamond esemokwu na Nrụrụ aka gọọmentị na Angola. Ọ bụ onye isi nke onye na-ahụ maka nrụrụ aka Maka Angola ugbu a.[4]

Oge ọ malitere

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Mgbe Marques na-etolite, ọnọdụ obodo ya na-akawanye njọ na-ewute ya: "Ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe m nụtụrụla banyere ọkàiwu, amaghị m ihe ruuru mmadụ, enweghị echiche nke ịlụ ọgụ nrụrụ aka bụ", ka o mesịrị cheta. "Aghọtara m na ụzọ isi dozie nsogbu ndị metụtara m bụ site n'ịbụ onye odeakụkọ."[5]

O nwetara BA (Hons) Anthropology & Media site na Goldsmiths, Mahadum London na MSc na African Studies site na St Antony's College, Mahadum Oxford.[4] Ọ malitere ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na 1992 na akwụkwọ akụkọ steeti Jornal de Angola.

N'oge na-adịghị anya ka o sonyeere Jornal de Angola, Marques dere akụkọ banyere ntuli aka onye isi ala na-abịanụ nke o hotara nkatọ onye ndu mmegide megide dos Santos. O bughị n'obi ka e bipụta nhota ahụ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ, mana site na njehie ụfọdụ nke nchịkọta akụkọ ọ pụtara n'akwụkwọ ahụ. A tara Marques ahụhụ site na mbufe na tebụl akụkọ mpaghara. N'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na "ọchịchọ ịgbanye nkọwa mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-adịghị anabata n'ime akụkọ kachasị njọ", ọ gara n'ihu na-eweda ya ala. Otu ụbọchị, e kenyere ya ide banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ mba kachasị ọhụrụ, ọ gụnyere nyocha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. "Nke ahụ bụkwa ahịhịa ikpeazụ", o mechara gwa onye nta akụkọ. A chụrụ ya n'ọrụ.[5]

N'afọ 1998, Agha Obodo Angola maliteghachiri. N'afọ 1999, obere oge ka o bipụtara echiche "Cannon Fodder" Marques malitere ịnakọta mbinye aka na mkpesa na-akpọ maka njedebe nke agha. A wakporo ya na redio na ndị nta akụkọ.[5]

"Ọkpụkpụ ọnụ nke ọchịchị aka ike"

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Na 3 Julaị 1999, magazin a na-ebipụta kwa izu bụ Agora bipụtara otu isiokwu nke Marques akpọrọ "The Lipstick of Dictatorship" (egwuregwu na okwu ndị dabeere na okwu Portuguese maka mkpara ndị uwe ojii). N'ime ya, ọ katọrọ Onye isi ala Angola bụ José Eduardo dos Santos. Marques kpọrọ Dos Santos onye ọchịchị aka ike ma boo ya ebubo ibibi Angola na ịkwalite "enweghị ike, mmefu ego na nrụrụ aka dị ka ụkpụrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya". [5] Mgbe ọnwa atọ gachara, n'ụbọchị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọktoba, e jidere Marques n'ụlọ ya dị na Luanda ma boo ya ebubo nkwutọ.[6]

Ejidere ya ụbọchị iri anọ n'ebuboghị ya, ekwekwaghị ka ọ kpọtụrụ ezinụlọ ya ma ọ bụ onye ọka iwu. N’abalị, “ndị uwe ojii na-abata, kpọtee ya, ma gbalịa ịmanye ya ka ọ bịanye aka n’akwụkwọ ndị na-edoghị anya bụ́ ndị e mesịrị dee akwụkwọ megide ya.” Mgbe ọ jụrụ, ha gọnarị ya nri na mmiri. Marques gara n'ihu ọha na-agụ agụụ. N’ihi ya, a kpọfere ya n’ụlọ mkpọrọ ọzọ, bụ́ ebe e nyere ya nri, ma ebe ọnụ ụlọ ya juputara nke ukwuu nke na “ndị mkpọrọ na-ehi ụra na-adabere n’ahụ́ mgbidi ndị na-akpụ akpụ.”[5][7]

N'ihi nrụgide mba ụwa na-arị elu na Angola site na mbọ nke Open Society Institute, a tọhapụrụ Marques na mgbapụta na 25 November, na ọnọdụ na ọ nọgidere na Luanda ma ghara ịgwa ndị nta akụkọ okwu ma ọ bụ kwuo okwu ọha. Na 15 Disemba, na-enweghị nkọwa, ụlọ ikpe mpaghara Luanda wepụrụ ikpe ya na Courtlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Angola.[5][8][9]

Dị ka Kọmitii Na-echebe Ndị nta akụkọ si kwuo, gọọmentị dos Santos "malitere mkpọsa mkparị megide Marques," na-ezo aka na nkwupụta nke onye omeiwu Mendes de Carvalho, n'oge arụmụka ndị omeiwu na Jenụwarị 19 2000 banyere nnwere onwe mgbasa ozi, na ọ bụrụ na Marques nọgide na-akatọ dos Santos, ọ "agaghị adị ndụ ruo afọ 40."[7]

Ikpe

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Ikpe ya malitere na 9 Machị 2000. E boro ya ebubo n'okpuru Iwu Angola 7/78, nke a makwaara dị ka Iwu na mpụ megide nchekwa steeti. Kọmitii na-echebe ndị nta akụkọ boro ebubo na "Iwu 7/78 mebiri Akụkụ 35 nke Iwu Iwu Angola nke afọ 1992, nke na-enye ikike nnwere onwe ikwu okwu".[7]

Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ndokwa ka a nụ ya n’ihu Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu, e zighachiri ikpe Marques n’Ụlọikpe Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mpụ, bụ́ ebe a nụrụ ya n’ihu Joaquim de Abreu Cangato, onye bụbu onye uwe ojii nzuzo nke Angola nke na-enweghị ọzụzụ gbasara iwu.[6] Na Machị 10, ebigharịrị ikpe ahụ ruo Maachị 21. N'ụbọchị ahụ, Cangato nyere ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri, gụnyere ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ nnọchi anya US na Portuguese, ndị na-akwado ikike mmadụ, na ndị nta akụkọ, pụọ n'ụlọ ikpe ahụ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ikpe ahụ gara n'ihu na nzuzo.

Na 31 Maachị, a mara Marques ikpe maka ebubo mmetọ nke ndị nta akụkọ, butere “mmerụ ahụ” nye Onye isi ala.[7] A mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ọnwa isii, mana ọ ka nwere onwe ya ruo mgbe mkpegharị ikpe.[10] A tara ya ntaramahụhụ US $17,000.[11]

Ngalaba US State gosipụtara nchegbu na Marques enwetaghị ikpe ziri ezi.[8] Kọmitii US na-echebe ndị nta akụkọ "katọrọ" ikpe ahụ.[9] N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba, n'okpuru nrụgide mba ụwa, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu gbanwere ikpe Marques ka ọ bụrụ ikpe a kwụsịtụrụ ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ gaghị ede ihe ọ bụla na-akọwa gọọmentị maka afọ ise sochirinụ.[10] E nyekwara ya iwu ka ọ kwụọ onye isi ala ụgwọ, e weghaara paspọtụ ya ruo na ngwụcha ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2001. [5][11]

Ọrụ ndị e mere mgbe e mesịrị

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Mgbe nkwutọ ahụ gasịrị, Marques lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwụsị Agha Obodo Angola, na-ahazi njikọ nke ndị isi obodo na okpukpe 250 iji kpọọ maka mkpebi udo.[1] N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2001, e jidere ya ọzọ mgbe ọ gachara ndị a chụpụrụ n'ogige ntụrụndụ n'èzí Luanda ya na onye nta akụkọ BBC bụ Justin Pearce; a chụpụla ndị nọ n'ogbe ahụ n'ike n'ógbè dị n'obodo ahụ nke o doro anya na a gbanwere maka mmepe azụmahịa.[12]

N'agbata afọ 1999 n'afọ 2002, Marques dere ọtụtụ isiokwu banyere azụmahịa nke diamond esemokwu na Luanda Province na nrụrụ aka na Cabinda Province, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ. Dị ka Civil Courage Prize ya si kwuo, "nkatọ ya na-enweghị isi banyere obi ọjọọ ndị agha Angola na mmebi nke gọọmentị na ọdịmma mmanụ mba ọzọ tinyere ya n'ihe ize ndụ dị egwu". [1]

N'afọ 2003, o dere Cabinda: A Year of Pain, akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ narị mmegbu nke ikike mmadụ nke ndị agha gọọmentị na ndị ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ na-emegbu ndị mmadụ. N'ọtụtụ akụkọ gbasara ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, na akwụkwọ Blood Diamonds: Corruption and Torture in Angola nke Septemba 2011, ọ kọwara ogbugbu na iyi egwu nke ndị obodo site n'aka ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa onwe ha na ndị ọrụ agha Angola n'aha ichebe ọrụ igwu ala. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2011, o wepụtara mkpesa mpụ na-ebo ndị ọchịagha itoolu nke Angola ebubo mpụ megide mmadụ n'ihe metụtara igwupụta diamond.

N'afọ 2008, o guzobere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na-emegide nrụrụ aka a na-akpọ Maka Angola.[5]

Ọrụ ndị ọzọ

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Marques esonyewo n'ọtụtụ nzukọ na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe mba ụwa, gụnyere "Transitions: A Conversation with National Leaders," nke Mahadum New York na International Peace Academy kwadoro ma mee na New York na Machị n'afọ 2005; "Beyond 'Conflict Diamonds:' a New Report on Human Rights and Angolan Diamonds," nke emere na Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars na Washington, DC, na 24 Machị n;afọ2005); na "Angola's Oil's Curse," na Post-Nobel Conference for "Oil Revenues From Counting - Blessing?", nke e mere na 17 Disemba 2004. [13][14]

Nkwado

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Marques natara Percy Qoboza Award nke US National Association of Black Journalists na 2000.[15] N'afọ 2006, ọ natara Civil Courage Prize site na Northcote Parkinson Fund, nke na-ekweta "iguzogide ihe ọjọọ na nnukwu ihe ize ndụ onwe onye - karịa ike agha". [16] N'afọ 2015, Marques natara onyinye Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award.[17]

N'October 1, n'afọ 2015, a mara Rafael Marques de Morais dị ka onye natara 2015 Allard Prize for International Integrity, na onye natara ya bụ John Githongo.[18] N'ikwu okwu n'oge a họpụtara ya, Marques kwuru na "Ọ bụ ihe na-akwalite ọrụ m, na nkwụsị dị mkpa na nnọpụiche m na mmekpa ahụ mgbe niile. Ọ na-enyekwa ndị Angola olileanya na ọ dị mkpa ikpughe nrụrụ aka dị ka mmebi iwu na isi ihe otiti nke ọha mmadụ". [19]

Marches kesara 2014 Gerald Loeb Award maka akụkọ azụmahịa mba ụwa maka "The Shortest Route to Riches".[20]

N'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2018, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi mba ụwa nyere Marques ihe nrite World Press Freedom Hero, na-aja ya mma maka "nnukwu ọrụ ya ịchụso eziokwu n'agbanyeghị ihe ọ bụla".[21]

Ebensidee

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Templeeti:Civil Courage Prize laureates

Njikọ mpụga

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Templeeti:Civil Courage Prize laureatesTempleeti:GeraldLoebAward International

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006 Civil Courage Prize. Civil Courage Prize (2012). Retrieved on 5 August 2012.
  2. ↑ Rafael Marques de Morais (August 29, 2012). Growing Wealth, Shrinking Democracy. “Rafael Marques de Morais is a journalist and anti-corruption activist.”
  3. ↑ Adam Nossiter (November 19, 2011). Fortunes, and Tables, Turn for Portugal and Angola. “But government critics in Angola saw irony in Portugal's quest. "The capital barely has any electricity," said Rafael Marques de Morais, an anticorruption campaigner.”
  4. ↑ About Us. Maka Angola. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved on 4 August 2012.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Regan-Sachs. Angola: Marques in Angola - the Perils of Speaking Truth to Power. allAfrica. Retrieved on May 6, 2013.
  6. ↑ Rafael Marques on Trial. Committee to Protect Journalists (31 March 2000). Retrieved on 4 August 2012.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Angola: Outspoken journalist will be tried. Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved on May 6, 2013.
  8. ↑ Journalist convicted of defaming Angolan President. BBC News (31 March 2012). Retrieved on 4 August 2012.
  9. ↑ Angola: Outspoken journalist will be tried. Committee to Protect Journalists (6 March 2000). Retrieved on 4 August 2012.
  10. ↑ Angolan journalist's sentences reduced. BBC News (27 October 2000). Retrieved on 4 August 2012.
  11. ↑ Rafael Marques de Morais. Civil Courage Prize. Retrieved on May 6, 2013.
  12. ↑ Justin Pearce (14 July 2001). Free Press Threatened in Angola. BBC News. Retrieved on 4 August 2012.
  13. ↑ Rafael Marques on Trial. Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved on May 6, 2013.
  14. ↑ 2006 Civil Courage Prize Honoree. Civil Courage Prize. Retrieved on May 6, 2013.
  15. ↑ Past Special Honors Recipients. National Association of Black Journalists. Retrieved on 5 August 2012.
  16. ↑ Civil Courage Prize. civilcourageprize.org (2010). Retrieved on 11 May 2011.
  17. ↑ Angolan Journalist Rafael Marques De Morais Wins Freedom Of Expression Award Days Ahead Of Defamation Trial In Luanda. Forbes.com (2015). Retrieved on 25 March 2015.
  18. ↑ Rafael Marques De Morais & John Githongo. Allard Prize for International Integrity. Peter A. Allard School of Law. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved on 2 October 2015.
  19. ↑ Rafael Marques De Morais: Allard Prize Finalist. Allard Prize for International Integrity. Peter A. Allard School of Law. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved on 7 August 2015.
  20. ↑ UCLA Anderson School of Management Announces 2014 Gerald Loeb Award Winners. UCLA Anderson School of Management (June 24, 2014). Retrieved on January 31, 2019.
  21. ↑ AfricaNews. "Angolan journalist Rafael Marques named 'World Press Freedom Hero' | Africanews", Africanews. Retrieved on 2018-06-18. (in en)
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