Right to petition
| obere ụdị nke | ikike obodo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị  |
|---|---|
| ihu nke | United States Bill of Rights |
Ikike ịrịọ gọọmentị maka idozi mkpesa bụ ikike ime mkpesa, ma ọ bụ chọọ enyemaka gọọmentị mmadụ, n'atụghị ụjọ ntaramahụhụ ma ọ bụ mmegwara.
Enwere ike ị nwetaghachi ikike na Bill of Rights 1689, Petition of Right (1628), na Magna Carta (1215).).[citation needed]
Na Europe, Nkeji edemede nke iri anọ na anọ nke Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union na-ahụ maka ikike ịrịọ ndị omeiwu Europe.[1] Iwu bụ isi maka Federal Republic of Germany na-ekwe nkwa ikike ịrịọ arịrịọ nye "ndị ọchịchị ruru eru na ndị omebe iwu." [isi iyi dị Ikike ịrịọ arịrịọ na United States bụ nke Ndezigharị Mbụ nke Iwu United States (afọ 1791).[2]
United States
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mmachibido iwu nke "ikike ịrịọ arịrịọ" na mbido na-ezo aka sóso na Congress na ụlọ ikpe gọọmentị etiti nke United States. Ozizi ntinye ahụ mechara gbasaa nchebe nke ikike ahụ ruo n'ókè ya ugbu a, n'elu ụlọ ikpe steeti na nke gọọmentị etiti niile na ndị omebe iwu, na ngalaba ndị isi nke gọọmentị steeti na gọọmentị etiti.[3]
China
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị eze mgbé ochie China na ndị eze ukwu kwekoritara n'ikike ịrịọ arịrịọ maka ndị niile a na-achị. Ndị nkịtị nwere ike ịrịọ Eze Ukwu ka ọ wepụ ndị isi obodo.[4] A kwenyere na Huabiao, kọlụm emume nke a na-ahụkarị n'ụlọ ọdịnala China, sitere na bọọdụ akara nke ndị ọchịchị oge ochie malitere iji nye ụzọ maka ọha na eze iji dee arịrịọ.[5]
Na China nke oge a, iji ụlọ ọrụ na-arịọ arịrịọ obodo ka bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, Otú ọ dị, ndị na-enweghị afọ ojuju ka na-aga n'isi obodo dị ka ihe ikpeazụ iji rịọ gọọmentị etiti.[6] Nlekọta mkpesa ọha na eze nke mba (Chinese: ) na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara nke akwụkwọ ozi na oku na-enweta aro na mkpesa. Ndị ọrụ ahụ na-enyefezi okwu ndị ahụ na ngalaba dị iche iche ma nyochaa ọganihu nke mmezi, nke ha na-azaghachi ndị na-agba akwụkwọ.[7] Ọ bụrụ na enweghị afọ ojuju, ha nwere ike ịrịgo n'ọkwa iji weta mkpesa na ọkwa ọzọ dị elu.[8][9]
Leekwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Mkpesa atụmatụ megide òkè ọha na eze
- Anyị ndị mmadụ (usoro arịrịọ)
- Bill of Rights, 1689 bill of rights passed by the Parliament of England
- Ndị Bishọp asaa
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000), Article 44
- ↑ Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, Article 17
- ↑ The Right to Petition. Illinois First Amendment Center. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013.
- ↑ Brook (1999). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. University of California Press, 33–34. ISBN 978-0-520-22154-3. .
- ↑ Culture of Beijing: Huabiao. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved on 2022-04-29.
- ↑ James Reynolds. "Petitions in China", BBC, 9 April 2009. Retrieved on 2009-04-08.
- ↑ "Chinese official web site:国家信访局". Retrieved on 2009-04-08.
- ↑ ÎÞ±êÌâÎĵµ. www.bjreview.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-12-06. Retrieved on 2019-12-05.
- ↑ HRW's "Alleyway" citing Jonathan K. Ocko, "I'll take it all the way to Beijing: Capital appeals in the Qing," Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 47.2 (May 1988), p.294