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Right to truth

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Ikike imata eziokwu
Women of the Association of Families of the Detained-Disappeared demonstrate in front of La Moneda Palace during the Pinochet military regime, demanding information on loved ones subjected to forced disappearance.

Ikike nke eziokwu bụ ikike, n'ihe gbasara mmebi iwu nke ikike mmadụ, maka ndị ahụ metụtara na ezinụlọ ha ma ọ bụ obodo ha ịnweta eziokwu nke ihe merenụ.[1][2] Ikike nke eziokwu nwere njikọ chiri anya, mana ọ dị iche na, ọrụ steeti iji nyochaa ma kpee ikpe maka mmebi iwu steeti nke ikike mmadụ.[3][4] Ikike nke eziokwu bụ ụdị ikike ndị metụtara; ọ dị mkpa karịsịa maka ikpe ziri ezi na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime ihe banyere mmegbu nke ikike mmadụ n'oge gara aga.[5][6] N'ime afọ 2006, Yasmin Naqvi kwubiri na ikike nke eziokwu "na-eguzo n'otu ebe n'ọnụ ụzọ nke ụkpụrụ iwu na ngwaọrụ akụkọ ... n'otu ebe n'elu ezi arụmụka na ebe dị n'okpuru iwu iwu doro anya. [1][7]

Echiche nke ikike iwu kwadoro eziokwu dị iche na nghọta dị adị na mbụ banyere mkpa ọ dị iguzobe eziokwu gbasara ihe mere n'ihe gbasara imebi ikike mmadụ..[3] N'afọ 1977, Protocol to Mgbakọ Geneva nyere ikike maka ezinụlọ ndị e gburu n’agha iji chọpụta ihe mere ndị ikwu ha..[8] Ọgbakọ enwere n'afọ 1993 na Katọlik Institute for International Relations kwuru okwu ikike nke eziokwu..[9] A matala ikike nke eziokwu n'ime ngwa mba ụwa Soft law dị ka United Nations Principles to Combat Impunity (2005)[10][11] .[10] N'afọ 2006, United Nations Human Rights Commission kpebisiri ike na enwere “ikike a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na nke kwụụrụ onwe ya” maka eziokwu. Mgbakọ mba ụwa maka ichebe mmadụ niile pụọ n’ike nhụsianya na-ekwekwa ndị ihe amanye mwepu ikike ịmata ọnọdụ ndị na-apụ n’anya, ma ọ bụghị n'ụwa nile kwadoro ya.[13], .[12]

Ikpe

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Ncheta na Villa Grimaldi na aha ọtụtụ narị mmadụ ma ọ bụ na-efu ma ọ bụ gbuo n'ebe ahụ site n'aka ndị uwe ojii nzuzo Chile n'okpuru ọchịchị aka ike Pinochet.

Màkà ikpe dị gasịrị n'ihu ụlọ ikpe mba ụwa nke na-ahụ steeti na-emebi ikike mmadụ, a chọrọ ka steeti: [1]

  1. BkMee nyocha dị irè ma kpee ndị na-ahụ maka ya ikpe
  2. Kpughe ozi gbasara ndị furu efu
  3. Na-arịọ mgbaghara n'ihu ọha ma na-ekweta mmebi nke ikike mmadụ
  4. Bipụta ikpe ụlọ ikpe
  5. Na-akwụ ndị e gburu ụgwọ
  6. Reimburse court costs of claimants
  7. Meziwanye nchekwa iji nye ohere ịlaghachi ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ
  8. Mee ihe iji gbochie mmeghachi omume nke mmebi iwu ahụ
  9. Gbanwee iwu mba
  10. Usoro ụlọ ọrụ iji meziwanye nrubeisi na ngwá ọrụ ruuru mmadụ nke mba ụwa
  11. Wuo ebe ncheta iji cheta mmebi ikike mmadụ

Kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nke United Nations

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Ikpe nkè mbụ gosiri ikike nke eziokwu na ikpe ruuru mmadụ nke mba ụwa bụ ikpe ná amanye ịfụ efu, Quinteros v. Uruguay (afọ 1983); Kọmitii Na-ahụ n'ihe gbasara Ihe Ruuru Mmadụ nke UN kpebiri na, dị ka ọgbụgba Ndụ Mba Nile Maka Ikike Obodo na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị si kwuo, nne onye ahụ nwere "ikike ịmata ihe mere nwa ya nwanyị. N'akụkụ ndị a, ya onwe ya bụkwa onye a tara ahụhụ n'ihi mmebi nke ọgbụgba ndụ nke nwa ya nwanyị tara ahụhụ karịsịa, nke isiokwu nke asaa [ICCPR][17] Na Saadoun v. Algeria (afọ 2003), banyere otu nwoke nke furu efu n'ike n'oge agha obodo Algeria, Kọmitii ahụ kpebiri na enweghị nyocha mere ka e nwee mmebi iwu ọhụrụ nke ICCPR. N'okwu a, Algeria ekwuputala mgbaghara maka mpụ ndị e mere n'oge "ọdachi mba". [1]

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

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Iwu ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Inter-American nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na-elekwasị anya na ikike nnwere onwe nke eziokwu.[13] Màkà ikike nke eziokwu, IACHR akachapugo nkwekọrịta ndị na-enye mgbaghara nye ndị na-emebi ikike mmadụ, dịka na Barrios Altos v. Perú [es] (n'afọ 2001).[20] N'afọ 1985, afọ isii tupu Guatemala anabata ikike nke IACHR, onye nta akụkọ America bụ Nicholas Blake furu efu. Na Blake v. Guatemala (afọ 1998), IACHR kpebiri na mbọ ndị Guatemala na-agba iji gbochie ezinụlọ ya ịchọ eziokwu bụ mmeso obi ọjọọ megidere nkwekọrịta Amerịka maka ihe ruuru mmadụ. [1]

IACHR na-ekwughachi echiche ya na: Templeeti:Quote

Ụlọikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ruuru Mmadụ na Europe

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E nwekwara iwu ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ruuru Mmadụ na Yurop metụtara ikike nke eziokwu.[4] Na Saịprọs v. Turkey (afọ 2001), ECtHR kpebiri megide Turkey n'okwu ndị Gris Saịprọs bụ ndị ikpeazụ a hụrụ n'aka ndị agha Turkey. Ahụhụ nke ndị ikwu dị ndụ bụ "mmebi iwu na-aga n'ihu nke Nkebi nke 3 nke European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) màkà ndị ikwu nke ndị Gris-Cypriot na-efu." [1] Na El-Masri v. Masedonia (afọ 2012), ECtHR guzobere na North Macedonia emebiela nkwekọrịta ahụ n'ikwe ka e jide El-Masri na US n'oge ntụgharị pụrụ iche. Ụlọ ikpe ahụ kwukwara sí na ndị ọchịchị Masedonia "anapụla onye na-arịọ arịrịọ ka a mara ya ihe merenụ, tinyere inweta akụkọ ziri ezi n'ihi nhụjuanya o kwuru na ọ diri na ọrụ nke ndị na-ahụ maka nhụjuanya ya" yana izochi ozi a n'ihu ọha n'ozuzu ya. Dị ka prọfesọ iwu Arianna Vedaschi si kwuo, "mkpebi ahụ e nyere na El-Masri gosipụtara echiche iwu ọhụrụ na àgwà ọhụrụ nke ndị ọka ikpe n'ebe mmanye ikike nke eziokwu dị ukwuu."[1][14] Na Janowiec na ndị ọzọ v. Russia (2013), ụlọ ikpe ahụghị mmebi nke nkwekọrịta ahụ gbásárá nyocha ndị Russia banyere ogbugbu Katyn nke 1940, mana mkpebi a bụ n'ụkpụrụ nke enweghị nkwụghachi azụ n'ihi na ogbugbu ahụ mere tupu e depụta ECHR.[15][16]

Iwu Argentina na-anabata ikike nke eziokwu, na usoro iwu sui generis nke a na-akpọ juicio por la verdad [es] (ikpe maka eziokwu) mepụtara mgbe ọchịchị aka ike nke ndị agha Argentina gasịrị.[17]

Leekwa

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  • Kọmitii Eziokwu

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vedaschi (2014). "Globalization of Human Rights and Mutual Influence between Courts: The Innovative Reverse Path of the Right to the Truth", in Shetreet: The Culture of Judicial Independence: Rule of Law and World Peace (in en). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 107–133. ISBN 978-90-04-25781-8. 
  2. ↑ Park (2010). "Truth as Justice: Legal and Extralegal Development of the Right to Truth". Harvard International Review 31 (4): 24–27. ISSN 0739-1854. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sweeney (2018). "The Elusive Right to Truth in Transitional Human Rights Jurisprudence". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 67 (2): 353–387. DOI:10.1017/S0020589317000586. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Panepinto (2017). "The right to the truth in international law: The significance of Strasbourg's contributions". Legal Studies 37 (4): 739–764. DOI:10.1111/lest.12172. 
  5. ↑ Klinkner (2019). The Right to The Truth in International Law: Victims' Rights in Human Rights and International Criminal Law (in en). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-33508-5. 
  6. ↑ Szoke-Burke (2015). "Searching for the Right to Truth: The Impact of International Human Rights Law on National Transitional Justice Policies". Berkeley Journal of International Law 33: 526. 
  7. ↑ Naqvi (2006). "The right to the truth in international law: fact or fiction?" (in en). International Review of the Red Cross 88 (862): 245–273. DOI:10.1017/S1816383106000518. 
  8. ↑ Groome 2011, p. 176.
  9. ↑ Linden (1994). "'The right to truth: Amnesty, amnesia, and secrecy˚s". Development in Practice 4 (2): 141–143. DOI:10.1080/096145249100077701. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Sweeney 2018, pp. 356–357. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSweeney2018 (help)
  11. ↑ Groome (2018). "Principle 2: The inalienable right to the truth", in Haldemann: The United Nations Principles to Combat Impunity: A Commentary (in en). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-106128-8. 
  12. ↑ Sweeney 2018, p. 358. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSweeney2018 (help)
  13. ↑ Ferrer Mac-Gregor (2016). "The Right to the Truth as an Autonomous Right Under the Inter-American Human Rights System". Mexican Law Review 9 (1): 121–139. DOI:10.1016/j.mexlaw.2016.09.007. 
  14. ↑ Fabbrini (2014). "The European Court of Human Rights, Extraordinary Renditions and the Right to the Truth: Ensuring Accountability for Gross Human Rights Violations Committed in the Fight Against Terrorism". Human Rights Law Review 14 (1): 85–106. DOI:10.1093/hrlr/ngt017. 
  15. ↑ "Poland disappointed with European ruling over the 1940 Katyn massacre", Reuters, 21 October 2013. Retrieved on 6 December 2020. (in en)
  16. ↑ Schabas (2018). "2. Time, Justice, and Human Rights: Statutory Limitation on the Right to Truth?", in Adler: Understanding the Age of Transitional Justice: Crimes, Courts, Commissions, and Chronicling (in en). Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-9776-8. 
  17. ↑ Garibian (2014). "Ghosts Also Die: Resisting Disappearance through the 'Right to the Truth' and the Juicios por la Verdad in Argentina". Journal of International Criminal Justice 12 (3): 515–538. DOI:10.1093/jicj/mqu030. 

Ịgụgụ ọzọ

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  • Aldana-Pindell (2002). "In Vindication of Justiciable Victims' Rights to Truth and Justice for State-Sponsored Crimes". Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 35: 1399. 
  • Jaquemet (2008). "Fighting Amnesia: Ways to Uncover the Truth about Lebanon's Missing". International Journal of Transitional Justice 3 (1): 69–90. DOI:10.1093/ijtj/ijn019. 
  • Mulligan (2018). "Rescripting Search to Respect the Right to Truth" (in en-us). Georgetown Law Technology Review 2 (2). 
  • Vanhullebusch (2015). "The Right to Truth and the Legacies of World War II: A Way Forward for China?", East Asia's Renewed Respect for the Rule of Law in the 21st Century: The Future of Legal and Judicial Landscapes in East Asia (in en). Hotei Publishing, 87–111. ISBN 978-90-04-27420-4. 
  • Werkheiser (2020). "A Right to Understand Injustice: Epistemology and the "Right to the Truth" in International Human Rights Discourse". The Southern Journal of Philosophy 58 (1): 186–199. DOI:10.1111/sjp.12354. 
  • Medawatte (2016). "Chasing Tails: Establishing the Right to Truth, Mourning and Compensation". California Western International Law Journal 46: 69. 
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