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Samar Badawi

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Samar Badawi
mmádu
ụdịekerenwanyị Dezie
mba o sịSaudi Arabia Dezie
aha n'asụsụ obodoسمر بدوي Dezie
aha enyereSamar Dezie
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya28 Jụn 1981 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụSaudi Arabia Dezie
nwanneRaif Badawi Dezie
Dị/nwunyeWaleed Abulkhair Dezie
Asụsụ obodoArabic Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaArabic Dezie
place of detentionDahaban Dezie
ọrụ ọ na-arụonye na-akwado ikike mmadụ Dezie
ihe omume dị ịrịba amaprisoner of conscience Dezie
Ihe nriteInternational Women of Courage Award Dezie

Samar bint Muhammad Badawi[1] (Templeeti:Lang-ar; amụrụ 28 Jun 1981)[2][2] bụ onye Saudi Arabia onye na-ekwuchite ọnụ maka ikike mmadụ.[3] Ya na nna ya[2][4] gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọikpe megide onwe ha. Nna Badawi boro ya ebubo na ọ na-enupụ isi n'okpuru usoro ụkpụrụ nchekwa nwoke nke Saudi Arabia, yanwa bokwa nna ya ebubo "adhl" - "na ọ na-eme ka ọ sie ike ma ọ bụ ghara ikwe omume ka mmadụ, karịsịa nwanyị, inwe ihe ọ chọrọ, ma ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ka ọ nwee; dịka ọmụmaatụ, ikike ya ịlụ dị" dịka iwu Islam siri kwuo Templeeti:Clarify—maka ịjụ ikwe ka ọ lụọ di.[2] Mgbe Badawi hapụrụ igosi onwe ya n'ọtụtụ ụbọchị ikpe gbasara ebubo ahụ, e nyere ikike ijichi ya, ma tụọ Badawi mkpọrọ na 4 Eprel 2010.[2] Na Julaị 2010, Ụlọ ikpe Jeddah kere ikpe kaara Badawi, e wee tọhapụ ya na 25 Ọktoba 2010,[5] ma nyefee ya n'aka nwanne nna ya.[6] Enweela nkwado nke obodo na nke mba ụwa na-ekwu maka ntọhapụ ya. Ụlọ Ọrụ n'abụghị gọọmenti nwe ya (NGO) nke mba Saudi bụ Human Rights First Society kọwara mkpọrọ atụrụ Badawi dịka "Njichi na-akpasu iwe na-esoghi na Iwu"[1] Badawi gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe maka Bọọdụ mkpesa megide Ministry of Municipal and Rural affairs maka ịjụ ndebanye aha ya maka ntuli aka mpaghara nke afọ 2011.[7] O sonye na 2011–2012 mkpọtụ ụmụ nwanyị maka ịnya ụgbọ ala site n'ịnya ụgbọ ala mgbe nile kemgbe Jun 2011 na inyere ndị inyom na-anya ụgbọ ala aka n'okwu ha na ndị uwe ojii na usoro ụlọikpe.[8] Na Nọvemba 2011, ya na Manal al-Sharif gbara akwụkwọ na Bọọdụ mkpesa megide Saudi Arabian General Directorate of Traffic maka ịjụ ndebanye aha ha maka inweta akwụkwọ ikike ịkwọ ụgbọala.[9][3][10] N'abalị 8 Maachị 2012, e nyere Badawi ihe nrite sitere n'aka United States Department of State maka ihe ntinye ya n'okwu ikike ụmụ nwanyị.[11][12]

N'afọ 2018, ndị ọchịchị Saudi nwụchiri ya ọzọ.[13] Arịrịọ Canada ka ahapụ ya ozugbo kpalitere nnukwu esemokwu mba na mba n'etiti Canada na Saudi Arabia.

Nnupu isi ya na ikpe ụlọ ikpe "adhl"

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A na-ebo ebubo na nna Samar Badawi nọ na-awakpo ya n'ike ruo afọ iri na ise.[2][4] Nne ya nwụrụ tupu ọnwa Ọktoba 2010.[5] N'ọnwa Maachị 2008, ọ gbapụrụ gbaga na ụlọ nchekwa ụmụ nwanyị na Jeddah.[2] Dị ka nwoke na-elekọta ya n'okpuru usoro nchekwa nwoke, nna Badawi gbara ya akwụkwọ maka inupụrụ ya isi. Saudi Public Prosecutions and Investigation Bureau wepụrụ ebubo a.[2]

Nna Badawi boro ya ebubo nnupụisi ọzọ n'afọ 2009. Badawi hapụrụ igosi onwe ya n'ubochi usoro ụlọikpe ụfọdụ. N'ọnwa Juun, Onyeikpe Abdullah al-'Uthaim nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijichi ya. N'ọnwa Julaị, o si n'ụlọ nchekwa ndị inyom kwaga n'ụlọ nwanne ya nwoke. Nnyocha na-abụghị nke ụlọikpe sitere na Protection Home gosiri na "Nna Badawi kụrụ ya ihe ma gwa ya okwu ọnụ ọjọọ, jiri ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, nwee nwunye iri na anọ, ego ya agwụ, gbanwee ọrụ ọ na-arụ ugboro ugboro, ma bụrụ enyi ndị 'òtù ndị ọjọọ.' [2]

Badawi chọrọ ịlụ di. Nna ya jụrụ ajụ. Badawi wee gbaa nna ya akwụkwọ adhl n'ihi ọjụjụ ọ jụrụ ka ọ lụọ di, rịọ ka e wepụ ọkwa nna ya dị ka onye nlekọta ya.[2][6] Dị ka Human Rights Watch si kwuo, Badawi gbara akwụkwọ ebubo adhl megide nna ya mgbe nna ya gbachara akwụkwọ ebubo nnupụisi megide ya.[2] Dị ka Arab News si kwuo, nna Badawi gbara akwụkwọ ebubo nnupụisi ahụ dịka "ịgba akwụkwọ mgbagharị" megide akwụkwọ ebubo adhl Badawi gbara ya.[5]

Mgbe ọ gara ụlọikpe maka ikpe adhl na Eprel 4, 2010, ejidere ya n'ihi akwụkwọ ikike e nyere maka ebubo nnupụisi eboro ya.[2] E jichiri Badawi na Briman Prison na Jeddah.[5] Na 18 Julaị 2010, Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud, bụ gọvanọ Mpaghara Makkah, tụrụ aro ịmepụta kọmitii iji "kpee udo n'etiti nna na ada ya site n'ikwe ya nkwa na ya agaghị eme ihe ike megide ya, ikwe ka ọ lụọ di, nakwa na ọ gaghị agba akwụkwọ ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ọ na-enweghị ike igosi."[2] Na Julaị 2010, a mara nna Badawi ikpe adhl site na Jeddah General Court.[2]

N'etiti Ọktoba 2010, ikpe nnupụisi megide Badawi ka ghe oghe, nna Badawi ewee tinye akwụkwọ mkpesa megide nsonaazụ nke ikpe ụlọikpe adhl.[2] Na 18 Ọktoba 2010, Supreme Judicial Council of Saudi Arabia gwara onye ọka iwu Badawi bụ Abu al-Khair na ha ga-enyocha izi ezi nke ikpe abụọ ahụ.[2] Human Rights First Society, òtù na-ahụ maka ikike ndị ruuru mmadụ nke Saudi Arabia NGO, kọwara mkpọrọ atụrụ Badawi dị ka "mkpọchi jọgburu onwe ya n'ụlọnga".[1]

Ndị na-ekwuchite ọnụ maka ikike ndị mmadụ ndị si Saudi Arabia na mba ụwa ndị ọzọ gbasakwara ka a tọhapụ Badawi.[6] Badawi nyere akwụkwọ mkpesa n'aka National Society for Human Rights, òtù NGO na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nwere nkokọ na gọọmentị, na-arịọ ka ọ ghara ịlọghachikwute nna ya na "na-eme ka ụzọ ya n'alụmdi na nwunye dị mfe"[5] N'abalị 25 Ọktoba 2010,[5] Badawi ka a tọhapụrụ site n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'iwu nke Gọvanọ Khalid bin Faisal. Otu nwanne nna n'akụkụ nna ya ghọziri onye nlekọta nwoke ọhụrụ ya.[6][5]

Na Septemba 2014, Badawi gara nnọkọ mkparịta ụka nke United Nations Human Rights Council na Geneva, bụ ebe ọ nọ kwuo banyere ọnọdụ ndị na-akwado ikike mmadụ na Saudi Arabia.

Nnyocha ụmụ nwanyị

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Main article: Saudi Arabian municipal elections, 2011#Women.27s participation

Badawi degakwara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe gbasara nnyocha ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ gbara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe Bọọdụ Mkpesa, ụlọ ikpe na-abụghị Sharia,[14] megide Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, n'ihi ọjụjụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndebanye aha ndị mmadụ maka ntuli aka idebanye aha ya maka ntuli aka ime obodo nke Septemba 2011 na Saudi Arabia, na-azọrọ na ọ dịghị iwu na-amachibido ụmụ nwanyị iwu dị ka ndị ntuli aka ma ọ bụ ndị ga-apụta ka atụnyere ha, na ọjụjụ ahụ megidere iwu. O zoro aka na edemede 3 na 24 nke Arab Charter on Human Rights, nke na-ezo aka na mkpochapụ izugbe na ntuli aka kpọmkwem, n'otu n'otu. Badawi rịọrọ bọọdụ mkpesa ka ha kwụsịtụgodi usoro ntuli aka ruo mgbe bọọdụ mkpebi ga-ekpebi ma nye ndị ọrụ ntuli aka iwu ka ha debanye aha ya n'akwụkwọ dịka onye ntuli aka na dịka onye tozuru oke ịbụ onye a ga-atụnyere. N'abalị 27 Eprel 2011, bọọdụ mkpesa nakweere ikpe ya n'oge ọzọ.[7] Nkpebi ikpe ikpeazụ nke bọọdụ ahụ bụ na ikpe Badawi bụ nke "akaghị aka."[15] Dịka United States Department of State si kwuo, Badawi bụ onye mbụ gbara akwụkwọ maka ịhọpụta ụmụ nwanyị na ntuli aka na Saudi Arabia.[11] Badawi tinyekwara akwụkwọ na kọmitii mkpegharị ntuli aka ime obodo ka ha gbanwee ọjụjụ ajụrụ ya idebanye aha ya. Ajụrụ akwụkwọ ozi mkpesa ya n'ihi na a ga-emerịrị akwụkwọ mkpesa megide ọjụjụ ndebanye aha n'ime ụbọchị atọ nke ọjụjụ ahụ.[15]

2011–2012 mkpọsa ụmụ nwanyị ịnya ụgbọala

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N'afọ 2011 na 2012, Badawi sonyeere na 2011–2012 mkpọsa ụmụ nwanyị ịnya ụgbọ ala. Kemgbe ihe omume mkpọsa bụ isi na June 2011, Badawi na-anya ụgbọ ala na Jeddah "kwa ụbọchị abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ"[8] O nyeere ndị inyom ndị ọzọ na-anya ụgbọ ala aka na mmetụta okwunụka ha na ndị uwe ojii na ụlọikpe. Badawi kwuru na enweghị ihe ndabere iwu kwadoro maka ikpe ụmụnwaanyị maka ebubo ịkwọ ụgbọala. Ọ kọwara ọnọdụ ikike ụmụ nwanyị na-ekwu, "A na-akpachapụ anyị n'akụkụ ma abịa n'ikike ndị bụ isi. Ha chere na site n'inye anyị ụfọdụ ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, anyị ga-enwe mmasị ma mechie ọnụ."[8]

N'ubochi 4 Febụwarị, na-eso akwụkwọ Manal al-Sharif gbara n'ụlọ ikpe na Nọvemba 2011 na Kọmitii Mkpesa mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ megide General Directorate of Traffic maka ịjụ ịnabata ntinye akwụkwọ ya inweta akwụkwọ ikike ịkwọ ụgbọala,[9][3][10] Badawi gbara ha otu ụdị akwụkwọ ebubo yiri nke ahụ maka ịjụ ịnye ya akwụkwọ ikike ịnya ụgbọ ala.[16] Ụlọ ọrụ mkpesa nke Ministry of Interior gwara Badawi ka ọ "sochie azụ n'ime otu izu"[3]

Ihe nrite Ya Na mba ụwa

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N'ụbọchị 8 Maachị 2012, Samar Badawi nwetara onyinye nturu ugo International Women of Courage Award site n'aka United States Department of State maka ntinye akwụkwọ adhl na ikpe ikike ịtụ vootu, nke Ngalaba Steeti hụrụ dị ka ọsụ ụzọ, nakwa maka agbamume ya na mkpali mmụọ ya nye ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ.[11][12]

2014 mmachibido iwu njem

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N'ụbọchị 16 Septemba 2014, Badawi gara nnọkọ mkparịta ụka nke United Nations Human Rights Council na Geneva, n'aha nzukọ Americans for Democracy and human rights in Bahrain (ADHRB) nakwa Bahrain Institute of Rights and Democracy (BIRD) ya na Human Rights Watch na Saudi Arabia. Ihe ngosi ya gbadoro ụkwụ na ọnọdụ ndị na-akwado ikike mmadụ na Saudi Arabia, na njichi nke di ya bụkwa okwuchit-ọnụ Waleed Abulkhair.

N'ụbọchị 18 Septemba 2014, mgbe ọ nọ na Council of Human Rights na Geneva, Badawi zutere Kọmishọna Ukwu maka Ikike Mmadụ, Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad. N'ụbọchị 20 Septemba 2014, Badawi fegara mba US, ebe ọ zutere ndị omebe iwu US na ndị odeakwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ òtù n'ahụ maka ikike ndị ruuru mmadụ iji kpaa nkata maka di ya Waleed Abulkhair na ndị ọzọ eji eji. N'oge ahụ, Badawi kwuru na ya nwetara iyi egwu kpọmkwem site n'aka odeakwụkwọ nke Minista mba ofesi nke Saudi Arabia na ọ ga-akwụsị ọrụ ịlụ ọgụ maka ikike mmadụ ya ma ọ bụghị ya, a ga-eme ihe megide ya. O mechara laghachi Saudi Arabia n'emeghị ihe ọ bụla, n'abụghị na ndị ọchịchị obodo weere paspọtụ ya.

N'ụbọchị 2 Disemba 2014, Badawi gara ọ́dụ̀ ụgbọ elu King Abdulaziz, ịhapụ Saudi Arabia gawa Brussels, Belgium, isonye na European Union (EU) NGOs Forum on Human Rights nke iri na isii ya. Ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ paspọtụ kwuru na Mịnịstrị nke ime obodo nyere iwu mmachibido njem na agaghị ekwe ka ọ gaa mba ọzọ. EU kpọtụụrụ ndị ọchịchị Saudi ka ha chọọ nkọwapụta ihe kpatara mmachibido iwu a.[17]

Njichi Ya nke Jenụwarị 2016

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Na mgbasa ozi ndị ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Amnesty International mere n'ụbọchị 12 Jenụwarị 2016, ha kwuru [18] na e jidere Samar Badawi ma kpọga ya na nwa ya nwanyị dị afọ abụọ bụ Joud n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii na Jeddah ebe a gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ. Mgbe awa anọ gachara, e bugara Badawi n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Dhahban Central Prison, bụ otu ụlọ mkpọrọ ebe nwanne ya nwoke, onye mgbagha Saudi Raif Badawi nọ.[19] Na 13 Jenụwarị, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi "The Guardian" dere na "Ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka ikike ndị mmadụ" kwuru na "agbapụtala Samar Badawi n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Dhaban ka ejidechara ya nw'obere oge" . Ekwuru na ya na nwa ya nwanyị nọ n'ụlọ, mana e nyere ya iwu ka ọ gaa na nke ndị uwe ojii na Jeddah na mbido 14 Jenụwarị maka ịgbatukwu ya ajụjụ ọzọ.[20]

Philip Luther, onye isi òtù Amnesty International, Middle East and North Africa Programme kpọrọ njide Badawawi "... ihe ndọghachi azụ ọzọ dị egwu n'ịlụ ọgụ ikike ndị mmadụ na Saudi Arabia [na-egosi] ókè dị ogologo nke ndị ọchịchị dị njikere ịgaru na mkpọsa ha na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị iji kpagbuo ma na-emenye ndị na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ egwu ka ha gba nkịtị na nrube-isi."[18] Ensaf Haidar, nwunye nwanne Samar na Onye isi oche nke Raif Badawi Foundation, kwadoro. akụkọ banyere njide Samar Badawi site na Twitter.[21][22] Center for Inquiry, ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na-abụghị nke gọọmenti America hiwere, kpọrọ oku ka ahapụ ya ozugbo, wee jụọ US Department of State ka " ha mee ka ọ pụta ìhè bụ ike ọchịchị mba ha nwere ịpị Saudi Arabia ịhapụ Samar."[19][23] Onye na-ekwuchitere Saudi Interior Ministry, Maj. Gen. Mansour Turki, gọrọ ebubo na e jidere Badawi.[24]

Njichi Ya nke Julaị 2018

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Dị ka Human Rights Watch (HRW) si kwuo, ndị ọchịchị Saudi nwụchiri Samar Badawi, tinyere Nassima al-Sadah n'ụbọchị 30 Julaị.[25] A kpọchiri ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Dhahban Central Prison.[26]

N'ịgbaso nkatọ na oku ọ kpọrọ ka a tọhapụ Badawi n'akụkụ nke Minista Canada n'ahụ maka Ihe n'eme na mba ofesi Chrystia Freeland, Saudi Arabia chụpụrụ onye nnọchianya Canada, ma kwụsị azụmahịa ha na Canada.[13]

Ntọhapụ Ya

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N'ụbọchị 27 Jun 2021, a tọhapụrụ Badawi n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ka ọ nọchara oge mkpọrọ ya.[27]

Hụkwa

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Edensibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "October 18, 2010 Human Rights First Society (HRFS) Statement", Human Rights First Society, 2010-10-18.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 "Saudi Arabia: Where Fathers Rule and Courts Oblige", Human Rights Watch, 2010-10-18.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Saudi women launch legal fight against driving ban", Daily Telegraph/Agence France Presse, 2012-02-06.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Saudi woman 'jailed for trying to end abuse'", BBC News, 2011-10-29.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Sidiya, Fatima. "Samar out of jail, in uncle's custody", Arab News, 2010-10-26.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 "Saudi woman jailed for disobeying father freed – Governor of the Makkah region ordered the release of Samar Badawi", Emirates 24/7/Agence France Presse, 2010-10-26.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Aspiring woman voter takes ministry to court", Saudi Gazette, 2011-04-29.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Saudi Authorities To Try Woman For Driving", WCMH-TV/AP, 2012-01-13.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Saudi women in drive ban legal bid", The Independent/AP, 2012-02-05.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Abu-Nasr, Donna. "Saudi Woman Sues Traffic Agency for Refusing Driver's License", Bloomberg L.P., 2012-02-04.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 2012 International Women of Courage Award Winners. US Dept of State (2012-02-05).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Samar Badawi Receives an International Women of Courage Award. U.S. Government (2012-03-08).Templeeti:Dead link
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Saudi Arabia expels Canada’s ambassador, freezes trade with Ottawa, 5 August 2018
  14. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Woman's vote claim rejected", Saudi Gazette, 2011-05-29.
  15. ↑ al-Nafjan, Eman (2012-02-07). It's back on!.
  16. ↑ "Freedom of Expression online and offline: 16th EU-NGO Human Rights Forum", European External Action Service, 2014-12-05.
  17. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Jide onye na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ bụ Samar Badawi na Saudi Arabia mbọ ọhụrụ iji maja ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Amnesty International (12 Jenụarị 2016).
  18. ↑ 19.0 19.1 arrest-saudi-arabia Nwanne nwanyị onye na-ede blọgụ Saudi Raif Badawi jidere ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ n'otu ụlọ mkpọrọ (en).
  19. ↑ Templeeti:Citeweb
  20. ↑ Templeeti:Cite tweet
  21. ↑ Templeeti:Cite tweet
  22. ↑ Centre maka ajụjụ chọrọ ka ahapụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Saudi Arabia Samar Badawi.
  23. ↑ arabia-arrests-samar-badawi-human-rights-advocate.html?_r=0 Saudi Arabia nwụchiri Samar Badawi, onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ.
  24. ↑ isiokwu/us-saudi-arrests/saudi-arabia-ejide-mmadụ-abụọ-more-ụmụ nwanyị-right-activists-right-group-idUSKBN1KM564 Saudi Arabia nwụchiri mmadụ abụọ ọzọ na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị: otu ikike
  25. ↑ 11/saudi-arabia-akụkọ-nke-ahụhụ-na-mmadụ-mmadụ-nke-detained-activists/ Saudi Arabia: Akụkọ banyere mmekpa ahụ na iyi egwu mmekọahụ nke ndị na-akwado ejidere (en) (20 Nọvemba 2018).
  26. ↑ "kwuru. Middle-east/saudi-arabia-releases-abụọ-ụmụ nwanyị-ndị na-eme ihe-ike-kwuru-rights-group-2021-06-27/ Saudi Arabia tọhapụrụ ndị inyom abụọ na-eme ihe ike, ka ndị ọrụ ikike", Reuters, 27 June 2021.

Templeeti:2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests Templeeti:Arab Spring Templeeti:International Women of Courage Awards Templeeti:Portal bar

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