Sara Estela Ramírez
Sara Estela Ramírez (1881 - August 21, 1910) bụ onye nkuzi Mexico, onye nta akụkọ, onye nhazi ọrụ, onye na-eme ihe ike, onye na'ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, onye edemede, na onye na-ede uri, onye bi na steeti Texas dị na United States. O guzobere akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ kwa ụbọchị, La Corregidora na Aurora. A na-ewere ya dị ka onye isi na nkwado nke Partido Liberal Mexicano, na onye mbido mbụ nke Chicana feminist movement nke oge a.[1]
Akụkọ ndụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A mụrụ Ramirez na 1881 na Villa de Progreso, Coahuila, Mexico. Mgbe ọ dị obere, nne ya nwụrụ, na-eme ka ọ na-elekọta nna ya na nwanne ya nwanyị nke ọ tọrọ.[1] Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Monterrey tupu ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji ndị nkuzi, Ateneo Fuentes, na Saltillo. Ọ kwagara Laredo na 1898 iji kụzie Spanish na Seminario Laredo ma nọrọ ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.
Ramirez jiri akwụkwọ mee ihe dị ka ụzọ isi nye ozi mgbanwe, na-akatọ ọchịchị Porfirio Díaz na Mexico, ma na-agbagha echiche ọdịnala nke ụmụ nwanyị na ọha mmadụ nke Mexico.[2][3] E bipụtara ọrụ ya na La Cronica na El Democrata Fronterizo, yana akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa ụbọchị nke o guzobere, La Corregidora na Aurora. Ramirez bụkwa onye na-ede egwuregwu na ọrụ, Noema, ma bipụta ọtụtụ okwu maka Sociedad de Obreros nke Laredo.[4][3] Isiokwu nke uri ya na edemede ya gụnyere nkà ihe ọmụma, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ikike ụmụ nwanyị.
Onye otu PLM, ụlọ ya bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ nke alaka Texas nke nzukọ ahụ; ya na Ricardo Flores Magón gbanwere akwụkwọ ozi, na-aghọ onye Magonista a ma ama.[1] Ọ na-ejikọta Dolores Jiménez y Muro, Juana Belén Gutiérrez de Mendoza, na Elisa Acuña, aha ya bụ "La Musa Tejana" nke Jovita Idar.[3]
Ọ nwụrụ na Laredo na 1910 n'ihi ihe a na-amaghị ihe kpatara ya, ọ bụ ezie na ihe ndekọ n'oge ahụ na-egosi ụdị ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala.[1]
Ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mmetụta Ramirez nwere na nka na akwụkwọ Chicana dị ịrịba ama, n'agbanyeghị na naanị 21 n'ime ọrụ ya, gụnyere edemede ya, ka dị n'ozuzu.[3] Ihe atụ ndị a ma ama gụnyere:
- Rise Up! (1910): abụ na-akpọ ụmụ nwanyị Mexico ka ha jụ ọnọdụ ọdịnala ha n'ime mkpebi ọha na eze, ma kama ịghọ ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ nke ha.[5]
- El Beso de un Angel ma ọ bụ The Kiss of an Angel (1908): Otu edemede banyere nwanyị aha ya bụ "Maria" nke na-egosipụta Mexico, onye onye na-ede uri na-egosi ọgụ nke ndị ogbenye nke mba ahụ, na-egosiputa ahụmịhe nke ya.[1]
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Ụmụ nwanyị Hispanic na Latino American na akwụkwọ akụkọ
Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Hernandez (Spring 1989). "Sara Estela Ramirez: Sembradora". Western Women Writers 6 (6): 13–26. Hernandez, Ines (Spring 1989). "Sara Estela Ramirez: Sembradora". Western Women Writers. University of Nebraska Press. 6 (6): 13–26. JSTOR 25679047. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Hernandez1989" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Flores (2018). The Mexican Revolution in Chicago : immigration politics from the early twentieth century to the Cold War. ISBN 978-0-252-05047-3. OCLC 1030032483.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Ruiz (3 May 2006). Latinas in the United States, set: A Historical Encyclopedia. Indiana University Press, 608–. ISBN 0-253-11169-2. Ruiz, Vicki L.; Korrol, Virginia Sánchez (3 May 2006). Latinas in the United States, set: A Historical Encyclopedia. Indiana University Press. pp. 608–. ISBN 0-253-11169-2. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "RuizKorrol2006" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Telgen (1993). Notable Hispanic American Women. VNR AG, 330–. ISBN 978-0-8103-7578-9.
- ↑ Enoch (2004). ""Para la Mujer": Defining a Chicana Feminist Rhetoric at the Turn of the Century". College English 67 (1): 20–37. DOI:10.2307/4140723. ISSN 0010-0994.