TOXMAP

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TOXMAP bụ usoro ozi ala (GIS) sitere na Ọbá akwụkwọ Ọgwụ nke United States(NLM) nke e wepụrụ na Disemba 16, 2019. Ngwa ahụ jiri map nke United States nyere ndị ọrụ aka ịchọpụta data sitere na United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) na mmemme Superfund na atụmatụ anya na map.[1][2]

Nkọwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

TOXMAP nyere ndị ọrụ aka ịmepụta map mba, mpaghara, ma ọ bụ mpaghara mpaghara naegosi ebe a naahapụ kemịkal TRI nime ikuku, mmiri, ala, na site na injection nokpuru ala, dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na United States kọrọ.[3] Ọ chọpụtakwara ụlọ ọrụ ntọhapụ, mbipụta koodu agba maka otu afọ ma ọ bụ afọ, ma nye ọtụtụ afọ nchịkọta data na usoro na oge, malite na 1988. Map nwekwara ike igosi ebe Superfund dị na Ụlọ ọrụ naahụ maka ihe ndị naegbu egbu na ndebanye aha ọrịa ndepụta ihe ndị gaebute ụzọ mba (NPL), nke depụtara ihe niile naemetọ kemịkal dị na saịtị ndị a. TOXMAP bụ ngwá ọrụ ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi bara uru nke naeme ka ọha na eze nwee ozi gbasara ọrịa na gburugburu ebe obibi.

E nwere nsụgharị abụọ nke TOXMAP dị site na ibe ụlọ ya: ụdị ochie nke TOXmAP wepụtara na 2004, ụdị ọhụrụ wepụtara na 2014 nke dabeere na teknụzụ Adobe Flash / Apache Flex. Na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ atụmatụ nke TOXMAP classic, mbipute ọhụrụ ahụ naenye ọdịdị map ka mma na ikike mmekọrịta yana anya na mmetụta GIS ugbu a. Nke a gụnyere panning naenweghị ntụpọ, mmelite ozugbo nke nsonaazụ ọchụchọ mgbe ị naagbasa notu ebe, akụkụ abụọ a naagbadata iji bulie nha map, na mgbanwe nha akpaghị aka mgbe windo gbanwere. TOXMAP ọhụrụ ahụ mekwara ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ dị na US dịkwuo mma site na Census Tract (2000 na 2010), data Canadian National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), ụlọ ọrụ nuklia azụmahịa nke US, yana imeziwanye ma melite ókèala distrikti nke ndị omeiwu.

Ndị ọrụ TOXMAP nwere ike ịchọ usoro ahụ site na ọnọdụ (dị ka obodo, steeti, ma ọ bụ koodu ZIP), aha kemịkal, iberibe aha kemịl, ntọhapụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ntọhapụ, aha ụlọ ọrụ na ID, ma nwee ike nyochaa nsonaazụ nye ndị bi nime mpaghara akọwapụtara ma ọ bụ omenala.

Enwere ike iwelite nsonaazụ ọchụchọ na Google Maps ma ọ bụ Google Earth, ma ọ bụ chekwaa maka iji ya na ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ. TOXMAP naekpuchi data map dịka ozi ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke US, ọnụ ọgụgụ ego sitere na Bureau of Economic Analysis, na data ahụike sitere na National Cancer Institute na National Center for Health Statistics.[4]

Ihe ọmụma egosiri na TOXMAP sitere na isi mmalite ndị a:[5]

  • EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI)
  • EPA Superfund Program (National Priorities List/NPL)
  • Ebe obibi Canada
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program
  • Ebe nchekwa data nke ihe ndị dị ize ndụ
  • NLM TOXLINE (Toxicology Bibliographic Information)
  • Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Naegbu Mmanụ na Ndebanye aha Ọrịa
  • National Atlas nke United States
  • Nlekọta, Epidemiology, na nchekwa data Nsonaazụ
  • National Center for Health Statistics
  • Kọmitii Naachịkwa Nuklia
  • Esri

Mkpọchi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọchịchị Trump wepụrụ nchekwa data ahụ na ịntanetị na Disemba 2019. NLM kwuru na nkwupụta na ọtụtụ nime ozi ahụ ka dị site na isi mmalite, nakwa na enwere ike iwepụ nchekwa data ahụ; ndị nkatọ, dị ka Environmental Data & Governance Initiative, tụrụ aro na ọ bụ akụkụ nke mgbalị ka ukwuu site naka nchịkwa iji mebie nsonaazụ ọjọọ nke ntụgharị nke iwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke oge Obama.[6][7]

Ihe ọmụma dị nokpuru TOXMAP ka nwere ike ịnweta site na ihe onwunwe mbụ ha: Gọọmentị nke Canada National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), U.S. Census Bureau, U.S EPA Clean Air Markets Program, U.s. EPA Geospatial Applications, U.E. EPA Facilities Registry System (FRS), U.E.-S. EPA Toxics Release Program (TRI), UERH NCI Regulatory Nchịkwa, na Nsonaazụ Nuclear (SE).[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ihe odide[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ TOXMAP®:online toxicology maps. United States Data.gov (February 7, 2011). Archived from the original on July 12, 2011. Retrieved on October 27, 2011.
  2. ↑ "TOXMAP®", Gen - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, August 2005. Retrieved on October 27, 2011.
  3. ↑ Hochstein (2006). "TOXMAP: a GIS-based gateway to environmental health resources". Medical Reference Services Quarterly 25 (3): 13–31. DOI:10.1300/J115v25n03_02. PMID 16893844. 
  4. ↑ TOXMAP Fact Sheet. United States National Library of Medicine (January 14, 2011). Retrieved on May 19, 2011.
  5. ↑ What data sources does TOXMAP use?. United States National Library of Medicine (July 26, 2010). Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved on May 5, 2011.
  6. ↑ https://envirodatagov.org
  7. ↑ Martin. "TOXMAP, Federal Database Allowing Public to Track U.S. Pollution, Shut Down After 15 Years by Trump Administration", Newsweek, December 24, 2019. Retrieved on December 26, 2019.
  8. ↑ National Pollutant Release Inventory (28 June 2017).
  9. ↑ Clean Air Markets (12 August 2014).
  10. ↑ EPA Geospatial Applications (2 June 2014).
  11. ↑ Facility Registry Service (FRS) (23 April 2018).
  12. ↑ Superfund (11 July 2014).
  13. ↑ Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program (31 January 2013).
  14. ↑ https://seer.cancer.gov/
  15. ↑ https://www.nrc.gov/
  16. ↑ TOXNET HAS MOVED. National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health (2021-03-22). Retrieved on 2022-06-30.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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