Tedder (ụgbọelu)
Tedder (nke a na-akpọkwa hay tedder) bụ igwe eji eme ahịhịa. A na-eji ya emechaa gbutuo na tupu ikuku, ma na-eji ndụdụ na-akpụ akpụ na-eme ka aerate ma ọ bụ "wuffle" ahihia wee si otú a na-ehicha ngwa ngwa tupu ịgbanye ma ọ bụ tụgharịa. Ojiji nke tedder na-enye ohere ka ahihia kpoo ("ọgwụgwọ") nke ọma, nke na-egbochi mildew ma ọ bụ gbaa ụka.[1]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A malitere iji tedder mee ihe na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu.[2] Ọ bụ ezie na Charles Wendel na-ekwu na ya Encyclopedia of American farm equipments & antiques na e ebuteghị igwe ahụ na United States ruo n'afọ ndị 1880, [3] enwere ihe ngosi zuru oke na e ji tedder mee ihe na 1860 - New York Times na-akọ. na arụmọrụ ya na 1868, [4] na n'ime otu afọ ahụ akụkọ kwa afọ nke Commissioner of Agriculture na Maine kwuru banyere hay tedder Hubbard nke America mere, bụ nke dị n'ahịa kemgbe 1863; dị ka akụkọ Maine si kwuo, na 1859 igwe ahụ bụ "ihe eji eme ihe nke sitere na England na nso nso a".[2][3][4]
A na-akọwa ihe omume nke tedder, na ngwụcha 19th na mmalite 20th narị afọ, dị ka ihe a na-eji "kpali" ma ọ bụ "ịgbasa" na-ebibi ahịhịa n'ọhịa.[5][6]
Ọrụ
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Tedder mbụ bụ ngwá ọrụ ugbo na wiil abụọ nke ịnyịnya dọtara; ntughari nke axle na-eme ngwa nke na-arụ ọrụ "ọnụọgụ ogwe aka nwere eriri waya ma ọ bụ mkpịsị aka na nsọtụ ala." na-emekarị, elu nke tines na-eburu hay nwere ike gbanwee.[7]
N'oge mbụ, ihe dị mfe nke ahịhịa a kọwara na 1852 ma mepụta ya na Edinburgh site na ụlọ ọrụ Maazị Slight, ụkwụ abụọ ahụ, site na wiil na pinion, na-akwọ otu wiil dị mfe, "igwe kwụ otu ebe"; na wiil abụọ a na-etinye rakes asatọ, nke na-eburu ma gbasaa ahịhịrị. [8] "English hay-tedder" mgbe e mesịrị na-eji cylinders abụọ dị iche iche nwere forks na-agbagharị agbagharị nke enwere ike ịtụgharị iji mee ka ahịhịa dị ala n'ụzọ dị mfe maka ikpughe ikuku ka mma.[9]
Ngwunye ndị America, dị ka ndị ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka Garfield, Mudgett, na Bullard mere (Ezekiel W. Bullard nke Barre, Massachusetts, ka a na-eto n'otu isi iyi na mmepụta nke igwe ahụ, nke a na-akpọ "agịga"), na-ejikarị usoro nwere mgbaaka na-agbagharị n'etiti ogwe aka na mkpịsị aka na njedebe elu, ma ọ bụ usoro nke na-agba gburugburu na-ebugharị forks n'elu na ala.[10][7][11] Ihe mbụ a na-enweta n'ọtụtụ ahịa America bụ Bullard's Hay Tedder, nke a kpọtụrụ aha, nke nwere forks na-aga n'elu na ala na crank, na-arụ ọrụ na mmegharị a kọwara dị ka "ike na-akpụ akpụ nke ọkụkọ. " American Hay Tedder", nke Ames Plow Company nke Boston mere ma kọwaa na 1869 dị ka "ngwá ọrụ ọhụrụ, dị ịrịba ama maka ịdị mfe na izu oke nke ịrụ ọrụ, dị ka igwe Britain na ọrụ ya. [12]
Ụfọdụ tedders nwere tines na-agbagharị agbagharị n'ime ihe siri ike iji mee ka ike a na-etinye na hay dịkwuo elu. Ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ yiri ya gụnyere Wuffler na acrobat. Wuffler na-agbanye ahịhịa n'ụzọ yiri tedder.[13] A pụkwara iji acrobat mee ihe maka ịtụgharị, na maka ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri dị njikere maka ịgba ọsọ.[14]
Rak ndị dị n'etiti
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'elu gyroscopes abụọ na-emegide ibe ha, nke a na-akwọ pto-driven, a na-etinye tines kwụ ọtọ n'okpuru. Ndị a na-ezo aka na ihe mkpofu ahịhịa ndụ ma tụfuo ya. N'ihi nkata nchịkọta a na-etinye n'azụ, ikuku na-agagharị na Rake. Nkesa ha dị ala n'ihi ọrụ dị nta.[15]
Ojiji na mkpa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Mmepe ya dị oke mkpa maka ọrụ ugbo, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-azọpụta ọrụ ma si otú a chekwaa ego: site na iji tedder, otu onye na otu anụmanụ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dịka ndị ọrụ aka iri na ise. [16] Ọ rụpụtakwara akụ na ụba ka ukwuu, ebe ọ bụ na a ga-agbanwe ahịhịa a gbuturu ka ọ bụrụ ahịhịhịa n'otu ụbọchị ahụ ọbụlagodi na ọ dị mmiri ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya na-azọ ụkwụ na tupu e belata uru nri ya site na mmiri ozuzo ugboro ugboro.[17][18] Karịsịa n'ebe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ (dị ka Eastern United States), mmepụta nke tedder gbakwunyere nke ukwuu na mmepụta ahịhịa dị ka alfalfa [1] na clover, [1] ma nye ohere maka ahịhịhịa mgbe ahịhịrị ka na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ [3] nke mepụtara ahịhụ nke bara uru dị elu.[19][20][4]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ndepụta nke ígwè ọrụ ugbo
Ebem si dee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 (1907) in Bailey: Cyclopedia of American Agriculture: Farms. Macmillan, 205–206.
- ↑ Wender (2004). Encyclopedia of American farm implements & antiques. Krause. ISBN 978-0-87349-568-4.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The Hay Crop and the Haying Season", The New York Times, 1868-06-26. Retrieved on 2009-09-13.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 (1868) Agriculture of Maine: Annual Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Augusta: Maine Dept. of Agriculture, 236–38.
- ↑ Knight (1884). Knight's new mechanical dictionary: A description of tools, instruments, machines, processes, and engineering. With indexical references to technical journals (1876–1880.). Houghton, Mifflin and company.
- ↑ Mr. George Clark of Higganum, speaking before the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture in December 1903, insisted that the tedder is a heaping machine rather than a spreading machine. Connecticut State Board of Agriculture (1904). Annual report of the secretary of the Connecticut State Board of Agriculture, Volume 37. Press of Case, Lockwood and Co.. p. 147.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Davidson (1908). Farm machinery and farm motors. New York: Orange Judd, 174–75. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "davidson" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Stephens (1852). The Book of the Farm, Volume 2. Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood, 228–29.
- ↑ Knight (1881). Knight's American mechanical dictionary: A description of tools, instruments, machines, processes, and engineering; history of inventions; general technological vocabulary; and digest of mechanical appliances in science and the arts, Volume 3. Houghton, Osgood and company, 2503–2504.
- ↑ Pierce (1899). Foster genealogy, Part 2. Chicago: W.B. Conkey.
- ↑ Flint (1892). American farming and stock raising: with useful facts for the household, devoted to farming in all its departments. New York: Casselberry, 240–41.
- ↑ Thomas (1869). Farm implements and farm machinery, and the principles of their construction and use: with simple and practical explanations of the laws of motion and force as applied on the farm. New York: Orange Judd, 165–66.
- ↑ David Brown 995, Bamford Wuffler. Summer 2013. Archived from the original on 2023-10-07. Retrieved on 2024-08-27.
- ↑ Bukh 452 Super Raking Straw w/ Vicon Acrobat Hayturner | Old Timers | DK Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2023-10-07. Retrieved on 2024-08-27.
- ↑ Zetten: Heuwender|Kreiselheuer » hoftechnik.at. www.hoftechnik.at. Archived from the original on 2015-05-22.
- ↑ Allen (1869). New American farm book. New York: Orange Judd, 127–28.
- ↑ Hunter (1897). The Supplementary Cyclopedia of Universal Knowledge; supplement to The American encyclopaedic dictionary: a work of reference to the English language defining over 250,000 words. Chicago and New York: R.S. Peale and J.A. Hill.
- ↑ Sanford (1916). The story of agriculture in the United States. D.C. Heath, 252–53. See also the entry "American Farm Implements" in Beach (1912). The Americana: a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world, Volume 1. Scientific American compiling department, 283–86.
- ↑ Kansas State Board of Agriculture (1894). Report of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture. Topeka: Edwin H. Snow.
- ↑ Michigan State Board of Agriculture (1868). Report of the secretary, Volume 7. Lansing: John A. Kerr.