Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns

social movement
mba/obodo	China

Mgbasa Ozi atọ (1951) na mkpọsa mgbochi ise (1952) bụ ije mmegharị ndozi obodo nke Mao Zedong bidoro afọ ole na ole ka e hiwechara Republic of China na mbọ iji kpochapụ obodo ndị China na nrụrụ aka na ndị iro nke steeti . Nsonaazụ nke a ghọrọ usoro mkpọsa nke jikọtara ike Mao site na ịkatọ ndị mmegide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị isi ike, ọkachasị ndị ikekataorie ji ego. Mgbasa ozi a metụtara akụ na ụba nke nnukwu obodo dịka Shanghai, Tianjin na Chongqing, na n'ụzọ ọjọọ nke manyere ọtụtụ ndị ọchụnta ego igbu onwe ha. ^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] Na Shanghai naanị, site na Jenụwarị iri abụọ na ise ruo Eprel 1, n'afọ 1952, opekata mpe mmadụ narị asatọ na iri asaa na isii gburu onwe ha. ^[2] ^[3] ^[4]

Mgbasa ozi mgbochi atọ

A malitere mkpọsa mgbochi atọ a na Manchuria na njedebe afọ 1951. Ebumnuche ya bụ maka ndị otu nọ na Kọmunist nke China, ndị bụbu ndị otu Kuomintang na ndị ọrụ ọchịchị na abụghị ndị otu.

Mgbochi atọ etinyere bụ:

nrụrụ aka (反贪污)
mkpofu (反浪费)
usoro ọchịchị (反官僚主义)

Mgbasa ozi mgbochi ise

A malitere mkpọsa mgbochi ise ahụ na Jenụwarị n'afọ1952. Ezubere ya ka ebuso klaasị ndị ikekataorie ji ego. Ndị otu Kọmunist setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ na edochaghị anya banyere onye a ga ebo ebubo, ọ wee bụrụ agha zuru oke megide ndị ji ego na China. Deng Xiaoping dọrọ ndị mmadụ aka na ntị "ka echiche nke ikeketeorie ghara imerụ ha".

Mgbochi ise ahụ etinyere bụ:

iri ngarị (反行贿)
izu ohi nke ngwogwo steeti (反盗骗国家财产)
nzere ụtụ isi (反偷税漏税)
n'ịghọ aghụghọ na nkwekọrịta ọrụ gọọmentị (反偷工减料)
izu ohi akụ na ụba steeti (反盗窃国家经济情报).

Ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ nchekwa puku abụọ na ndị ọrụ puku isii a zụrụ azụ malitere iledo ihe azụmaahịa nke ụmụ amaala ibe ha. Ndị mgbasa ozi gbara ndị mmadụ ume irube isi n'iwu gọọmentị. Ihe ruru ndị mgbasa ozi puku iri na ise a zụrụ azụ na -arụ ọrụ na ịgbasa okwu nduhie nke gọọmentị na Shanghai ka ọ na erule ngwụsị afọ 1951. Ka ọ na-eru n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1952, ngagharị nke ndị na-emegide ndị ikekataorie ji ego gara na n'ụlọ ndị isi azụmaahịa niile. Ihe nke a mepụtara nnukwu nrụgide nke ime mmụọ. E guzobere ngalaba na Shanghai maka nnata akwụkwọ ozi mkpesa na nkatọ n'aka ndị ọrụ ọ bụla. Ihe ruru mkpụrụedemede puku iri na asatọ bịara n'izu mbụ nke Febụwarị n'afọ 1952, ebe mkpesa narị abụọ na puku iri batara na ngwụcha ọnwa mbụ. Ndị otu pati sonye kwara na mwakpo a emere ndị ikekataorie ji ego. Ụfọdụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụnke ruru otu puku ji aka ha na eme nkwupụta kwa ụbọchị iji nwee nchebe onwe ha n'aka gọọmentị. Ọmụmaatụ kacha mmana nke a bụ onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ kọpa Dahua nke kwupụtara mmehie mbụ ya site na ịsị na o nwetara nde yuan irii ise n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị. Ndị ọrụ ya gara n'ihu na akatọ onye isi ahụ maka mpụ ka ukwuu ruo mgbe ọ kwupụtaghachiri na ọ nwetala ijeri yuan abụọ na ụzọ na akwughị ọtọ.

Nsonaazụ

Ndị ọnọdụ a metutara nwere oke njsaa ihere; e gburu ụfọdụ, zigakwa ndị ọzọ n'ogige ọrụ mmanye. ike Mao tụlere ọnọdụ ahụ, nma wu ona "anyị nwere ike gbuo ihe ruru puku mmadụ iri ma ma ọ bụ karịa ndị ohi ego na mba a niile tupu anyị enwee ike idozi nsogbu obodo a." ^[5] A emere ka ndị niile a mara ikpe mpụ nke ha kwupụtara ma ọ bụ ndị n'ekwetaghị kwụọ gọọmentị ugwo ụtụ. Enwere ọtụtụ narị puku ndị gburu onwe ha (ọ bụ ezie na a na agbagha ma ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a bụ ndị akwanyere igbu onwe ha) nke sitere na mkpọsa ndị a. ^[6]

N'ikpeazụ, otu ndị Kọmunist kpughere na ọ gaghịzi echebe azụmahịa nkeonwe, na ndị ikeketeorie n'obodo China ga a bụ ndị a na ene anya ma na emeso omume dị ka ndị mba ọzọ. Agha Korea butere ohere na Northern China, nke bulitere klaasị ọhụrụ nke ndị isi iketeorie, ma na ọtụtụ n'ime ha ka ekpere ikpe n'okpuru amụma Marxist nke ndị Kọmunist. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a mechara gbaziri ego n'aka gọọmentị iji kwụọ ntaramahụhụ gọọmentị.Nke a mepụtara usoro ego dị mgbagwoju anya. Gọọmentị China malitere usoro mkpọsa mgbochi n'afọ ndị sochirinụ.

Hụkwa

Ndepụta mkpọsa nke Kọmunist nke China
Gu Zhun
Economy nke China

Ntụrụaka

↑ Chen (March 1953). "The 'Three-Anti' and 'Five-Anti' Movements in Communist China". Pacific Affairs 26 (1): 3–23. DOI:10.2307/2752900.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Zhang. 执政的道德困境与突围之道——"三反五反"运动解析 (zh). Chinese University of Hong Kong.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Liu (2013-07-26). 那一年，中国商贾千人跳楼全家共赴黄泉（图） (zh). Sohu. Archived from the original on 2013-08-01. Retrieved on 2019-11-22.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Yang (2012-09-28). 三反五反：资产阶级命运的终结 (zh). Phoenix New Media. Archived from the original on 2017-10-31. Retrieved on 2019-11-22.
↑ Changyu. Mao's "Killing Quotas." Human Rights in China (HRIC). 26 September 2005, at Shandong University]. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009.
↑ Short (2001). Mao: A Life. Owl Books, 437. ISBN 0-8050-6638-1. Retrieved on 2016-06-04.

[1] Chen (March 1953). "The 'Three-Anti' and 'Five-Anti' Movements in Communist China". Pacific Affairs 26 (1): 3–23. DOI:10.2307/2752900.

[:3-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Zhang. 执政的道德困境与突围之道——"三反五反"运动解析 (zh). Chinese University of Hong Kong.

[:5-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Liu (2013-07-26). 那一年，中国商贾千人跳楼全家共赴黄泉（图） (zh). Sohu. Archived from the original on 2013-08-01. Retrieved on 2019-11-22.

[:6-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Yang (2012-09-28). 三反五反：资产阶级命运的终结 (zh). Phoenix New Media. Archived from the original on 2017-10-31. Retrieved on 2019-11-22.

[Mao's_Killing_Quotas-5] Changyu. Mao's "Killing Quotas." Human Rights in China (HRIC). 26 September 2005, at Shandong University]. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009.

[6] Short (2001). Mao: A Life. Owl Books, 437. ISBN 0-8050-6638-1. Retrieved on 2016-06-04.

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