Ugwu Smokey
Ugwu Smokey bụ okwu e chepụtara maka nnukwu mkpofu dị na Tondo, Manila .
Akụkọ ihe mere eme[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Smokey Mountain rụrụ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ 50, [1] nwere ihe karịrị nde metrik tọn abụọ. Ihe ndị na-ere ọkụ bụ́ ndị dị n’ihe mkpofu na-ere ere butere ọkụ nke butere ọnwụ ọtụtụ mmadụ. [2]
[1] Na March 19, 1993, e mere nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta n'etiti National Housing Authority (NHA) na R-II Builders Inc. (RBI) iji wuo ụlọ obibi dị ọnụ ala na Smokey Mountain. Na 15 Ọgọst 2007, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Philippine kwupụtara nkwekọrịta a dị irè.[1] E mechiri mpaghara ahụ n'ihu ọha na 1995.[2] A gbanwere saịtị ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi ọha maka ndị ogbenye bi n'ime ụlọ mkpọmkpọ ebe gbara ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa. A kpochapụrụkwa mkpọkpọ ụlọ ndị ahụ, bụ́ ebe obibi nke mmadụ 30,000 bụ́ ndị na-eji ihe e ji ebi ndụ eme ihe site n'ịtụgharị ihe mkpofu ahịhịa.[3]
[3]N'afọ ndị 1990, Jane Walker bịarutere Philippines na ezumike na tagzi ya were Smokey Mountain buru ya. Ogbe Tondo nwera na ya wee ewepu na Southampton ebe ameri ya ime ihe mere. Ka oge na-aga, ọ ga-ebuli ego, kpata ego ma wuo ụlọ akara na-agbanwe ihe mkpọfu ka ọ bụrụ ike dị ka akpa aka. Enyere ya MBE na 2006 na na 2012 ọ bi na Philippines.
[4]Gọọmenti na ndị otu na-alụ ndị na-alụkwa ọrụ a iji kwe ka ebe obibi obodo maka ndị bi n'ime ime obodo. [1] Dị ka ndị UN-Habitat si kwuo, ihe ụmụaka nde mmadụ 20 na Philippines bi n'ime mkpọmkpọ ebe, [2] na n'obodo Manila naanị, 50% nke ihe nde mmadụ 11 bi na mpaghara mkpara. [5]
Mbugharị gaa na mkpofu Payatas[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[2]Mgbe Smokey Mountain mechiri na 1995, ọtụtụ ndị na-egwupụta ihe kwagara na Payatas dumpsite, bụ ebe nnukwu obodo ọzọ na-ekpochapụ bilitere. [1] N'afọ 2000, mkpọda na mkpọfu Payatas gburugburu ihe ụmụaka tara abụọ. [1] N'ihe dị ka afọ 2007, ihe dị ka mmadụ 80,000 bi na mkpofu Payatas
Na omenala[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
[6]National Artist for Music Ryan Cayabyab hiwere otu egwu Smokey Mountain na 1989, aha ya bụ ihe mkpofu mmiri. Ndị otu ahụ bụ abụ ndị isiokwu ndị mgbasa mgbasa na eze dị ka ogbenye, ikike ikike, gburugburu ebe obibi, na ndị ọrụ Filipino esenidụt .
Onye na-ese ihe nkiri nke mba Lino Brocka debere ụfọdụ ihe nkiri ya n'ime mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Tondo. Ugwu Smokey na- akara nke ọma dị ka ntọala maka ihe nkiri 1987 Pasan Ko ang Daigdig nke na-egosi Sharon Cuneta [7]
[8]Ugwu Smokey so na njem nlegharị anya nke Smokey Tours haziri, otu ụlọ ọrụ onwe nke nyere ndị obodo dara ogbenye nri uru ya site na ibi ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Njem nlegharị anya na Smokey Mountain akpụkpọ na 2014 na nlegharị anya ọhụrụ na-eme njem na Happyland slum area na Tondo na Baseco Compound
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Obere ụlọ na Metro Manila
- Environment nke Philippines
- Ịda ogbenye na Philippines
- Na-agba ọsọ na Philippines
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Smokey Mountain Remediation and Development Project: Philippines. Poverty Environment Partnership (25 October 2012). Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved on 22 May 2013. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "smokey" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Medina (2007). The world's scavengers : salvaging for sustainable consumption and production. Lanham, MD [u.a.]: AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0759109414.
- ↑ 'Angel of the dump' Jane Walker transforming lives in Philippines (en). gulfnews.com (17 June 2012). Retrieved on 2021-10-23.
- ↑ Philippine Urban Forum | State of the Philippine Urban System. home.earthlink.net. Archived from the original on July 26, 2009.
- ↑ Cruz (10 July 2008). Housing Sales and Rental Markets in Asia. Global Property Guide. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved on 22 May 2013.
- ↑ Grana. "The Smokey Mountain—thirty years after", ABS-CBN News, October 30, 2020. Retrieved on March 7, 2023.
- ↑ "What Lino Brocka would have done to the Marcoses", ABS-CBN News, April 3, 2019. Retrieved on March 7, 2023.
- ↑ Cepeda. "Baseco and the 'kick' from slum tourism", Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2020-03-02. Retrieved on 2023-03-07. (in en)