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Mmẹkụwátá

Following Rohde & Muller (2005), this figure shows the apparent changes in marine biodiversity throughout the last 542 million years (the Phanerozoic eon) based on the first and last appearance of the 36380 genera recorded in the Sepkoski Compendium (2002). The "Big Five" mass extinctions of Raup and Sepkoski (1982) are labeled as well as a number of additional, but less well-known extinction events. Conventional symbols for the periods of w:geologic time appear along the bottom. The distinctions for "all genera" and "well-resolved genera" follow Rohde & Muller (2005) and reflect either the inclusion of all of Sepkoski's taxa or only those where the first and last appearances were well-defined in time.

It is presently a matter of scientific debate whether the long-term trend appearing here is a genuine reflection of biological changes or is instead a reflection of the biases inherent to the process of paleontological investigation. Some have argued that most, or all, of the large rise going into the modern day is merely a reflection of the greater availability and preservation of recent geologic sections. Others dispute this, and argue that most of the long-term changes reflect genuine biological processes.

Rohde & Muller also argue that the fluctuations in biodiversity, especially occurring in the early part of the record, are too regularly spaced to have occurred by random chance. They conclude on the basis of a statistical argument that some unknown process influenced the waxing and waning of life with roughly a 62 million year periodicity. Periodic astronomical and geophysical processes are considered, but no particular process is definitively implicated.

Copyright

This figure was originally prepared by Dragons flight from published data and is released under the GFDL.

Í nwèrèíkí jé, gbạsáa na/ma í mezí akwukwo nka na okpúrù íwú GNU Ákwúkwó Íwú nke Owéré, Nké 1.2 ma nke íchè ndi Free Software Foundation; wéfùtàrà; na adighi nkejị di íchẹ, adighi édé nke Ihú-Ihü Ákwúkwó, na adighi Ázú-Ihü Ákwúkwó. Ákwúkwó iwu hé jéré jé di na nkeji kpóró GNU Ákwúkwó Íwú nke Owéré".http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.htmlGFDLGNU Free Documentation Licensetruetrue

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	I wepulara nóru: i nye – ikọpị,ikekasi na izịpụ ọru a i dowaria – igbanwee ọrụ a Ọ ga bụ na ọnọdụ ndi a: í-kpó-áhà – Ị ga-enyerịrị ugo kwesịrị ekwesị, nye njikọ na ikikere ahụ, ma gosikwa ma emere mgbanwe. Ị nwere ike ime ya n'ụzọ ezi uche ọ bụla, mana ọ bụghị n'ụzọ ọ bụla na-egosi na onye nyere ikikere kwadoro gị maọbụ ojiji gị. gbásàa kà – Ọ bụrụ na ị tụgharịgharịa, gbanwee, ma ọ bụ wulite n'elu ihe ahụ, ị ga-ekesa ndenye gị n'okpuru otu ma ọ bụ ikike dakọtara dị ka nke mbụ.
	This licensing tag was added to this file as part of the GFDL licensing update.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/CC BY-SA 3.0Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0truetrue

References

• Raup, D. & Sepkoski, J. (1982). "Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record". Science 215: 1501–1503.
• Rohde, R.A. & Muller, R.A. (2005). "Cycles in fossil diversity". Nature 434: 209-210.
• Sepkoski, J. (2002) A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera (eds. Jablonski, D. & Foote, M.) Bull. Am. Paleontol. no. 363 (Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, NY).

Derivative Works

Derivative works of this file:

• Phanerozoic Biodiversity-2.png
• Phanerozoic BiodiversityFr.jpg

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