Usoro ọrụ ugbo
Usoro ọrụ ugbo bụ usoro ọrụ kwa afọ nke metụtara uto na owuwe ihe ubi nke ihe ubi (osisi). Ihe omume ndị a gụnyere ịtọpụ ala, ịgha mkpụrụ, ịgba mmiri pụrụ iche, ihe ọkụkụ na-ebugharị mgbe ha tolitere, na iwe ihe ubi, na ndị ọzọ. Enweghị mmemme ndị a, enweghị ike ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ. Nzọụkwụ bụ isi maka ọrụ ugbo gụnyere nkwadebe ala, ịgha mkpụrụ, ịgbakwunye nri na fatịlaịza, ịgba mmiri, iwe ihe ubi na nchekwa.
Ịgha mkpụrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe bụ isi na usoro Ịgha mkpụrụ na-adabere na njirimara nke mkpụrụ na ala a na-akụ ya. Nzọụkwụ mbụ metụtara ịgha mkpụrụ bụ nhọrọ ihe ọkụkụ, nke nwere usoro abụọ: mmekọahụ na asexual. Usoro na-enweghị mmekọahụ na-agụnye ụdị niile nke usoro ahịhịa dịka budding, grafting na layering. Usoro mmekọahụ na-agụnye ịzụlite osisi site na mkpụrụ. A na-akpọ grafting dị ka usoro aka mere nke mgbasa nke akụkụ nke osisi jikọtara ọnụ iji mee ka ha jikọta ọnụ ma gaa n'ihu na-eto dị ka otu osisi. A na-etinye grafting n'akụkụ abụọ nke osisi ahụ: dicot na gymnosperms n'ihi ọnụnọ nke vascular cambium n'etiti anụ ahụ osisi: xylem na phloem. Osisi a kụrụ n'ime ya nwere akụkụ abụọ: mgbọrọgwụ mbụ, nke bụ akụkụ dị ala nke osisi ahụ nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ na akụkụ dị ala karịa nke osisi ahụ; nke abụọ, alaka na ogwe osisi bụ isi, nke nwere akụkụ dị n'elu na nke bụ isi nke osisi ahụ bụ nke na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ osisi na-azụlite n'ụzọ zuru ezu.[1] Budding bụ ụdị ọzọ nke ọmụmụ na-enweghị mmekọahụ nke osisi ọhụrụ ahụ na-etolite site na isi iyi na-amịpụta ihe nke osisi nne na nna. Ọ bụ usoro nke a na-ejikọta okooko osisi sitere na osisi ahụ n'osisi osisi ọzọ.[2] Osisi ahụ a kụrụ bud na ya na-emecha ghọọ ihe yiri nke nne na nna. Osisi ọhụrụ ahụ nwere ike ịmegharị ụzọ ya iji mepụta osisi kwụụrụ onwe ya; Otú ọ dị, n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ọ nwere ike ịnọgide na-ejikọta ma mepụta nchịkọta dị iche iche.
Ịgha mkpụrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Germination bụ usoro nke mkpụrụ osisi ahụ na-etolite ka ọ bụrụ mkpụrụ. Ọnọdụ ndị dị mkpa dị mkpa maka usoro a bụ mmiri, ikuku, okpomọkụ, ike, viability na enzymes. Ọ bụrụ na nke ọ bụla n'ime ọnọdụ ndị a anọghị, usoro a enweghị ike ịga nke ọma. A na-akpọkwa germination dị ka ome; a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka ihe ịrịba ama mbụ nke ndụ nke mkpụrụ na-egosi.[3]
Mkpụrụ osisi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Usoro nke pollination na-ezo aka na mbufe pollen na akụkụ ụmụ nwanyị nke osisi ahụ. Ihe kacha mma maka ntọlite dị mma bụ oke iru mmiri nke 50-70% yana okpomọkụ nke 24.4ºC. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ iru mmiri dị elu karịa 90%, pollen agaghị awụsa. Ịbawanye mgbasa ozi ikuku bụ ụzọ dị mma maka idobe ọkwa iru mmiri.[4]
Ịgba mmiri
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ịgba mmiri bụ usoro nke itinye mmiri n'ala iji mee ka osisi too. A na-ejikarị okwu a eme ihe mgbe a na-etinye mmiri buru ibu na mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ, nke kpọrọ nkụ iji mee ka osisi na-eto eto. Usoro ịgba mmiri abụghị naanị na ọ na-eme ka uto nke osisi ahụ dịkwuo elu kamakwa ọ na-amụba ihe ọkụkụ. N'ebe okpomọkụ na ebe okpomọkụ, mmiri ozuzo na snow na-ada bụ isi ihe na-eweta mmiri ịgba mmiri, mana n'ebe kpọrọ nkụ na ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-adịghị mma, mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na-eje ozi dị ka isi iyi dị mkpa. Mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na-anakọta n'ime efere ndị e ji gravel na aquifers mee, nke bụ nkume na-ejide mmiri. Dam na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka isi iyi dị mkpa nke mmiri ịgba mmiri. Olulu mmiri ndị dị n'okpuru ala na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ichekwa mmiri maka ịgba mmiri, ọkachasị na America, na Arizona, ọkachasị.[5] Mmiri na ihe mkpofu sitere na iyi jupụtara na mmiri gbakọtara n'oge oké ifufe na-agbakọta n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala. E nwere ụdị abụọ nke ịgba mmiri: ịgba mmiri na-agbanye mmiri na ịgba mmiri. A na-ewere ịgba mmiri dị ka ihe dị irè karị ka obere mmiri na-agbaze karịa na ịgba mmiri.
Ebem si dee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Principles of Grafting and Budding. Texas A&M University. Archived from the original on 2021-03-09. Retrieved on 2022-07-21.
- ↑ budding. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 2022-07-21.
- ↑ (1858) "Germination". Household Words 17 (418): 340–343. Templeeti:ProQuest.
- ↑ Rowe, Jervis E. (2011). Crop Selection and Management. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20240709110500/https://www.cardi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Crop-Selection-and-Management.
- ↑ Brown, Paul W. Importance of Irrigation Management. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20220527120541/https://alfalfa.ucdavis.edu/+symposium/proceedings/2008/08-141.pdf