Usoro Hubble
. Usoro nke Hubble bụ onye nhazi nhazi nke ndị mbara igwe nke Edwin Hubble na 1926. [1] [2] [3] [4] A na-akpọ ya dị ka ụzọ Hubble tuning-fork n'ihi na ụgbọ ya na- akiri anya ya dị ka ndụdụ . Ọ bụ John Henry Reynolds na Sir James Jeans chepụtara ya
Atụmatụ ndụdụ nlegharị anya kewara mampụta oge niile gaa na klaas atọ - ellipticals, lenticulars na spirals - dabere na nalọ anya ha (nke mbụ na efere foto ). Klas nke nwere ikike ewepụ ndị nwere ikike na-adịghị mma . Usoro Hubble bụ usoro a na-eme ihe maka nhazi mbara, ma na nchacha nke igwe na-eso na mbara igwe amateur.
N'aka ekpe (n'echiche na usoro a na-adọtakarị) dina ellipticals. Ụyọkọ kpakpando elliptical nwere nkesa ọkụ na-adịchaghị mma, na-apụtakwa dị ka ellipses na foto foto. A na-akọwapụta ha site n'akwụkwọ ozi E, na-esochikwa integer n na-anọchi anya ogo elliptical ha na mbara igwe. Site na nkwekọrịta, n ji okpukpu iri karịa ihe mgbawa nke ụyọkọ kpakpando, gbachie ya na integer kacha nso, ebe a na-akọwa elliptical dị ka e = 1 - <span about="#mwt45" class="nowrap" data-mw="{" 34; akụkụ& # 34;: ;href":& # 34;./Template:Nobr"},& #34;params& # 34;:{"1":{& # 34;wt& # 34;:& #34; Àtụ:Mgbakọ<nowiki>,& # 34; i& # 34;:0}}]</nowiki>" typeof="mw:Transclusion">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-mmepụta .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion {ngosi:inline-block; vetikal-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-mmepụta .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-mmepụta .sfrac .den{ ngosi: ngọngọ; ahịrị-elu: 1em; oke: 0 0.1em}.mw-parser-mmepụta .sfrac .den : ziri ezi (0,0,0,0); elu: 1px; oke: -1px; njupụta: zoro ezo; padding: 0; ọnọdụ: zuru oke; obosara: 1px} e = 1 - maka ellipse nwere ogologo axis ọkara na b nke ọkara axis ogologo.[1] Ellipticity na-abawanye site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri na eserese Hubble, yana ụyọkọ kpakpando dị nso okirikiri (E0) dị n'aka ekpe nke eserese ahụ. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na elliptical nke ụyọkọ kpakpando na mbara igwe na-emetụta naanị n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhè na ezigbo ọdịdị akụkụ atọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụyọkọ kpakpando nke gbawara agbawa, nke yiri discus nwere ike ịpụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ gburugburu ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ele ya anya ma ọ bụ nke ukwuu ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ele ya anya. ọnụ-na). N'ihe nleba anya, ụyọkọ kpakpando "elliptical" ndị kachasị agbaze nwere elliptical e = 0.7 (apụtara E7). Otú ọ dị, site n'ịmụ profaịlụ ìhè na profaịlụ nke elliptical, kama ilele ihe oyiyi ahụ anya, a chọpụtara na 1960 na ụyọkọ kpakpando E5-E7 nwere ike ịkọwa ụyọkọ kpakpando lenticular nwere diski buru ibu hụrụ na ọchịchọ dị iche iche na ahịrị anyị. nke-anya.[2][3] Nleba anya na kinematics nke ụyọkọ kpakpando ndị mbụ na-eme ka nke a pụtakwuoro. Àtụ:Math