William Simpson (portrait artist)

William H. Simpson (c.1818 1872) bụ ónyé Africa America na-ese ihe na ónyé na-ahụ màkà ikike ọbọdọ na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, nke a maara màkà foto ya.^[1]

Akwụkwọ

A mụrụ William Simpson c.1818 na Buffalo, New York n'ezinụlọ ndị Africa America.^[2] Ọ mụtara ihe na onye na-ese foto na ónyé na'ihe osise nke British Neoclassical, Matthew Henry Wilson (1814-1892).^[2]^[3] N'afọ 1854, Simpson kwagara Boston ébé a maara ya màkà ihe osise ya.^[2] A maara ya màkà foto ya nke Jermain Wesley Loguen, ónyé bụbu ohu nke ghọrọ bishọp nke African Methodist Episcopal Church na New York.^[2] Ihe ndị ọzọ nke ihe osise ya gụnyere Caroline Loguen, nwunye Jermain Loguen; Charles Sumner, ónyé abolitionist na onye ọchịchị; na John T. Hilton, ónyé abolationist, ónyé édémédé, na ónyé ọchụnta ego.^[4]

Mgbè 1866 gasịrị, Simpson laghachiri Buffalo, New York, ma biri n'akụkụ ugwu nke United States na Canada.^[5] Ọ ghọrọ ónyé na-ekwu okwu megide ịgba ohu ma sonye na Underground Railroad.^[5] Ụdị ihe osise ya na ịma mma ya nwèrè mmetụta nke ihe osise Europe, nke bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'oge ahụ màkà ndị na-ese ihe America.^[5] Otú ọ dị n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ndị America na-ese ihe n'oge ya, Simpson dere ndụ ndị isi Africa America mbụ.^[5]

A na-etinye ọrụ ya na nchịkọta ihe ngosi ọha na eze gụnyere na Howard University Gallery ot Art, na Frick Collection na ọbá akwụkwọ nka.^[2]^[4]

Hụkwa

Ndepụta nke ndị na-ese ihe nkiri African-American

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

Brown (1874). The Rising Sun, or the Antecedents and Advancement of the Colored Race, The Basic Afro-American Reprint Library. Boston, MA: A. G. Brown, 478–480. ISBN 9780598578051.

Edensibia

↑ Irvine (1969). Fine Arts and the Black American, Issue 6 (in en). Indiana University Libraries.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Simpson, William H. (en). Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Oxford University Press (October 31, 2011). DOI:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00204445. Retrieved on December 21, 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Brown (1874). The Rising Son: Or, The Antecedents and Advancement of the Colored Race, The Basic Afro-American Reprint Library (in en). Boston, MA: A. G. Brown, 478–480. ISBN 978-0-598-57805-1.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Dickason Cederholm (1973). Afro-American Artists: A Bio-Bibliographical Directory, Boston Public Library, Boston, MA: Trustees of the Boston Public Library, 258. ISBN 978-0-89073-007-2. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Lewis (2003). African American Art and Artists (in en). Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 20–21. ISBN 978-0-520-23935-7.

[1] Irvine (1969). Fine Arts and the Black American, Issue 6 (in en). Indiana University Libraries.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Simpson, William H. (en). Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Oxford University Press (October 31, 2011). DOI:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00204445. Retrieved on December 21, 2020. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content

[3] Brown (1874). The Rising Son: Or, The Antecedents and Advancement of the Colored Race, The Basic Afro-American Reprint Library (in en). Boston, MA: A. G. Brown, 478–480. ISBN 978-0-598-57805-1.

[:2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Dickason Cederholm (1973). Afro-American Artists: A Bio-Bibliographical Directory, Boston Public Library, Boston, MA: Trustees of the Boston Public Library, 258. ISBN 978-0-89073-007-2. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content

[:1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Lewis (2003). African American Art and Artists (in en). Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 20–21. ISBN 978-0-520-23935-7.

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