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Yara sallam

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Yara Sallam (Arabic: يارا رفعت سلّام; amuru Nọvemba 24, 1985) bu onye ama ama n'ihe gbasara umunwanyi na onye na-akwado ikike mmadu. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọka iwu na onye nyocha maka ọtụtụ ndị Egypt na mba ụwa, yana maka African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR).

Na June 21, 2014, e jidere ya na opekata mpe ndị ọrụ 30 ndị ọzọ na-eme njem na nso Obí Ittihadiya, ụlọ ọrụ Onye isi ala dị na Cairo, na ngagharị iwe udo megide iwu Ijipt nke na-ebelata ikike ime ngagharị iwe. Ikpe ya na ndị ngagharị iwe ibe 22, ndị niile boro ebubo imebi iwu ngagharị iwe, abụrụla ihe nnọchianya nke iguzogide mmachi siri ike na nkwenye nke gọọmentị Onye isi ala Abdel Fattah el-Sisi manyere.

Amnesty International kpọrọ ikpe ahụ "ikpe ngosi dabere na obere ihe akaebe na-enyo enyo nke e bu n'uche ka ọ bụrụ ịdọ aka ná ntị doro anya nye onye ọ bụla na-emegide iwu mkpesa nke Ijipt". [1]

Ọrụ na ime ihe ike

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A mụrụ Yara Sallam na mpaghara Heliopolis nke Cairo na nne na nna nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke itinye aka na ihe ndị aka ekpe. O mechara kwuo, "Ọ dịghị m mkpa ịgụ echiche na akwụkwọ iji mee ka ụmụ nwanyị bụrụ ndị inyom. Enwere m ihu ọma ịzụlite m n'ezinụlọ aka ekpe nke kwenyere na ịha nhata n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ma tinye ụkpụrụ ndị a n'ọrụ. "[2]

Sallam gwakwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ na 2013 na mmasị ya na ikike mmadụ pụtara mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, mgbe "Abụ m onye otu Al-Nosoor al-Sagheera (The Young Eagles), nke na-arụ ọrụ maka ikike ụmụaka. " [3] Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Egypt Mada Masr si kwuo, "Òtù ahụ dọtara ezinụlọ ndị nọ n'etiti nwere mmasị aka ekpe na ndị zigara ụmụ ha nzukọ na ogige nke otu ahụ na 1990s na mmalite 2000s. "[4]

Sallam gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu, nweta akara ugo mmụta iwu na Mahadum Cairo na 2007 na Maîtrise na Iwu Azụmaahịa na Mahadim Pantheon-Sorbonne na Paris, France na 2007. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na United States, ma nweta nzere Master of Laws (LL.M.) na International Human Rights Law na Mahadum Notre Dame na 2010. Mgbe ọ na-achụso nzere ndị a, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Egypt. Dị ka onye nchọpụta na ụlọ ọrụ Cairo nke Institut de recherche pour le développement, ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche na France, ọ nyochara mmetụta nke iwu ịgba alụkwaghịm na iwu na ndụ ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt. O mechara sonye na Civil Freedoms Unit na Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR), otu na-eduga n'ụlọ maka ikike mmadụ. N'ebe ahụ, o lekwasịrị anya na ịkpa ókè na ime ihe ike megide ndị okpukpe pere mpe. Hossam Bahgat, onye guzobere EIPR, mechara cheta, sị: "Otu n'ime ihe dị ịrịba ama banyere Yara bụ ikike ya ịrụ ọrụ ọkachamara n'amaghị mmetụta ya ... echetara m na 2009 mgbe a wakporo ụlọ Bahá'ís n'obodo dị nso na Sohag, batara m n'ọfịs Yara mgbe ọ na-ewere akaebe site na ekwentị site n'aka nwanyị dị afọ 70; a gbara ụlọ nwanyị ahụ ọkụ, a chụpụrụ ya n'obodo ya, naanị olileanya ya ka ọ ga-ede akwụkwọ wee nwụọ n'ebe ahụ.[5]

Mgbe ọ natasịrị LL.M, Sallam kwagara Gambia ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka iwu na African Commission on Human and People's Rights. Ọ laghachiri Ijipt mgbe 2011 Revolution gasịrị, Nazra kpọkwara ya maka Feminist Studies, otu ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị, iji duzie mmemme Women's Human Rights Defenders. Ọrụ ya na-edekọ mmegbu megide ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ihe ike meriri ya na North African Human Rights Defender Shield Award na 2013, nke Pan-African Human Rights Defenders Network nyere ya.[6] N'ịkọwa ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị Ijipt n'afọ ahụ, Sallam kwuru, "Ọ bụghị naanị na anyị nwere gọọmentị nke na-adịghị ebu ibu ọrụ ya maka mmebi ikike mmadụ, gụnyere ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na-arị elu ruo n'ókè nke ndina n'ike na Tahrir Square, kamakwa na-enye ohere nkwupụta sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ na-ata ụmụ nwanyị ụta maka mwakpo mmekọahụ. ... Ịlụ na-aga n'ihu, ọ bụghị naanị megide ọchịchị ahụ, kamakwa n'etiti ndị obodo na-ekwenyeghị na mkpa ọ dị ịmanye ụmụ nwanyị itinye ha n'ime ọha. "[2]

N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2013, ọ laghachiri na Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights dị ka onye nchọpụta na Transitional Justice Unit. O butere ụzọ n'ịdepụta mmegide ime ihe ike nke ngagharị iwe megide gọọmentị n'oge ọkọchị na ọdịda nke afọ 2013, ogbugbu nke dugara n'ọnwụ nke ihe karịrị 1000 ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe.

Njide na ikpe

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Onye isi oche Adly Mansour bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iwu ngagharị iwe Egypt ọhụrụ na Nọvemba 24, 2013. Iwu ahụ, nke enyere site n'iwu na enweghị ikike ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na mba ahụ, na-enye gọọmentị ikike ịkachasị ikike ịnabata ma ọ bụ machibido ihe ngosi ọ bụla. Ọ nyere iwu mkpọrọ afọ 2–5 maka ndị ngagharị iwe "na-akpọ oku maka imebi ọdịmma ọha." [1] E jiri iwu ahụ ngwa ngwa tụọ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a ma ama, gụnyere Alaa Abd El-Fattah na onye ọka iwu ruuru mmadụ Mahienour El-Massry, [2] yana ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eme ngagharị iwe na-emegide ọchịchị.

Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'Ijipt kpọrọ oku maka ụbọchị mba ụwa nke ịdị n'otu na-emegide iwu ngagharị iwe ahụ, maka June 21, 2014. N'ụbọchị ahụ, ngagharị iwe nke nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ọtụtụ narị mmadụ gbakọtara na mpaghara Heliopolis nke Cairo wee gaa n'obí onye isi ala. Ndị ikom yi uwe ndị nkịtị wakporo ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na karama na nkume gbajiri agbaji, na-enweghị ntinye aka nke ndị uwe ojii, mgbe ndị uwe ojii na-eyi uwe na-agbapụ gas na-agba mmiri. Ndị uwe ojii jidere ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe 30 ma ọ bụ karịa, n'etiti ha Yara Sallam na nwa nwanne ya, bụ ndị e jidere mgbe ha na-azụta mmiri n'ụlọ ahịa.[7] A tọhapụrụ nwa nwanne nne Sallam n'otu abalị ahụ, mana, dị ka Amnesty International si kwuo, "E jidere Yara Sallam mgbe ndị ọrụ nchekwa chọpụtara na ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR). " Ndị e jidere mechara tọhapụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ gwara ndị otu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na "a kụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ma yie egwu na ha ga-ebo ha ebubo na ha bụ ndị Muslim Brotherhood a machibidoro iwu" ma ọ bụ ndị na-agba ọchịchị nke April 6 Youth Movement.[1][8]

Ndị nwoke 14 na ụmụ nwanyị 8 ejidere na njem ahụ gara ikpe na June 29, chere afọ nke enwere ike ịtụ mkpọrọ n'okpuru iwu ngagharị iwe. (A na-ekpekwa onye ọzọ ikpe, nwantakịrị, iche iche). Na mgbakwunye na Yara Sallam, ndị a na-agbachitere gụnyere Sanaa Seif, nwa akwụkwọ na onye na-eme mgbanwe bụ nwanne Alaa Abd El-Fattah; onye nta akụkọ foto Abdel-Rahman Mohamed; na onye na-ese foto Rania El-Sheikh. N'okwu ikpe nke June, n'otu ụlọ ikpe dị na ogige nchekwa Tora na ndịda Cairo, onye ọka ikpe jụrụ ịhapụ ndị a na-azara ọnụ na nkekọ, na ọbụna jụrụ arịrịọ ka e wepụ agbụ ndị nwoke.[1] O yigharịrị ikpe ahụ ihe karịrị ọnwa abụọ. Kemgbe ahụ, a tụrụ ndị nwoke ejidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na Tora, ụlọ nchekwa dị elu nke ama ama maka ijide ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ụmụ nwanyị ejidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị na El-Qanater. Mgbe e nwechara ikpe ndị ọzọ na Septemba 13 na Ọktoba 11, e yigharịrị ikpe ahụ ruo Ọktoba 16. N’ụbọchị ikpeazụ, ọkàikpe mara ọkwa na ya ga-ekpe ikpe n’October 26.

N'ụlọ mkpọrọ, Sallam anọgidewo na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ ndị ọzọ. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2014, National Council for Human Rights (NCHR) nke gọọmentị Egypt zigara ndị nyocha n'ụlọ mkpọrọ El-Qanater iji gbaa ụmụ nwanyị ndị e jidere ajụjụ ọnụ n'okwu gbasara ọgwụgwọ ha. Ụmụ nwanyị ahụ jụrụ izute ndị ọbịa ahụ, wee nye ndị ọrụ ibe ha Yara Sallam na Salwa Mehrez ka ha gwa ha "na ọ bụrụ na ha chọrọ ịmara eziokwu nke ọnọdụ ahụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ha kwesịrị izute ndị ọzọ e jidere n'ọnọdụ ka njọ ma nwekwuo mmetọ. " [9] Obere oge tupu ejide Sallam na ndị ọrụ ibe ya, òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'Ijipt dere usoro ịta ahụhụ na mmetọ mmekọahụ nke ụmụ nwanyị e jidere na El-Qanater, ebe a machibidoro iwu. [10] N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọktoba, ụlọ ikpe Heliopolis mara ndị a na-ebo ebubo Ettehadiya ikpe gụnyere Yara ebubo na ha mebiri iwu ngagharị iwe ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ atọ na ịkwụ ụgwọ puku pound iri nke Ijipt.

Mgbaghara na ntọhapụ nke onye isi ala

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N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2015, otu ụbọchị tupu onye isi ala Ijipt Abdel Fattah al-Sisi agaa New York izute Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu, a mara ọkwa "mgbaghara onye isi ala" iji tinye ndị ntorobịa 100 a mara ikpe n'ọtụtụ ikpe na-ese okwu na ebubo ndị yiri ka ọ bụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, gụnyere "mgba aghara nke Shura Council" na "Ettehadiya Presidential Palace" ma na-eje ozi maka ebubo gụnyere imebi mkpesa ahụ, aha Sallam so n'ime ha. mgbaghara ahụ gụnyekwara ndị a na-ebo ebubo nwere "ọnọdụ ahụike siri ike", a tọhapụrụ Sallam.[11]

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Egypt: Release women's rights defender, protesters arrested for challenging draconian protest law. Amnesty International. Retrieved on October 15, 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "AI" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Abbas. Feminists We Love: Yara Sallam. The Feminist Wire. Retrieved on October 15, 2014. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Abbas" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ WLUML networker Yara Sallam awarded North African HRD Shield. Women Living Under Muslim Laws. Retrieved on October 15, 2014.
  4. ↑ Elbadawi. Yara Sallam: A prisoner of passion and human rights. Mada Masr. Retrieved on October 15, 2014.
  5. ↑ Boutros. Yara Sallam: Optimist Against All Odds. Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy. Retrieved on October 15, 2014.
  6. ↑ Winners of the 2013 Human Rights Defenders Awards. East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project (EHAHRDP). Retrieved on October 15, 2014.
  7. ↑ Long. Yara Sallam in jail, and the moral bankruptcy of the United States. A Paper Bird. Retrieved on October 15, 2014.
  8. ↑ Masr el-Gedeida's Prosecution Jails Protesters and Rights Defenders for 4 Days Pending Investigations Reflecting the Superficiality of Investigations in Protests' Cases. Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights. Retrieved on October 15, 2014.
  9. ↑ Abaza. Detained female activists refuse NCHR delegation. Daily News Egypt. Retrieved on October 15, 2014.
  10. ↑ Aman. Female prisoners in Egypt suffer rampant abuse. Al-Monitor. Retrieved on October 15, 2014.
  11. ↑ Update: Activists Yara Sallam, Sanaa Seif released from prison. Mada Masr. Retrieved on September 29, 2015.
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