Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe n'Ụwa

Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe n'Ụwa

World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) bụ ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche nke United Nations na-ahụ maka ịkwalite nkwado mba ụwa na sayensị ikuku, climatology, hydrology na geophysics.

WMO sitere na International Meteorological Organisation, otu na-abụghị gọọmentị hiwere na 1873 dị ka ọgbakọ maka mgbanwe data ihu igwe na nyocha. Atụmatụ imegharị ọnọdụ na nhazi nke IMO mechiri na Mgbakọ Mgbakọ Mba Ụwa nke 1947, bụ nke hiwere Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ọdịmma Ụwa. Nkwekọrịta ahụ malitere na 23 Maachị 1950, na n'afọ sochirinụ, WMO malitere ịrụ ọrụ dịka otu gọọmentị etiti n'ime usoro UN.

WMO bụ mba na ókèala 193, ma na-akwado mgbanwe data, ozi na nyocha "n'efu na enweghị mgbochi" n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ meteorological na mmiri mmiri nke ndị otu ya. Ọ na-ejikọkwa aka na ndị mmekọ na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị na ndị otu mba ụwa ndị ọzọ gbasara nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, mgbanwe ihu igwe, njikwa akụrụngwa, na mmepe akụ na ụba.

Onye isi na Geneva, Switzerland, WMO na-achị World Meteorological Congress, nke mejupụtara mba ndị otu, na-ezukọ kwa afọ anọ iji setịpụ atumatu na ihe ndị ka mkpa. Onye isi oche nke onye isi oche na-eduzi Congress, Abdulla Al Mandous nke UAE ugbu a.

Ọchịchị

Onye Germany na-ahụ maka ihu igwe Gerhard Adrian, onye isi oche nke World Meteorological Organization, na 2019

E hiwere WMO site na Nkwekọrịta nke World Meteorological Organisation, bịanyere aka na 11 October 1947 wee kwado ya na 23 Maachị 1950. Nkwekọrịta ahụ na-eje ozi dị ka nkwekọrịta mejuputara nke WMO, na-ewepụta ebumnuche ya, ọchịchị na usoro izugbe.

Ndị isi WMO:

• World Meteorological Congress, otu kachasị elu nke nzukọ ahụ, na-ekpebi amụma. Obodo ọ bụla so na ókèala bụ onye nnọchiteanya na-adịgide adịgide na WMO mgbe Congress na-ezukọ kwa afọ anọ. Congress na-ahọpụta Onye isi ala na ndị osote onye isi oche nke nzukọ na ndị otu Council Executive; ma họpụta odeakwụkwọ ukwu.
• Council Executive (EC) na-eme mkpebi Congress.
• Ụlọ ọrụ Secretariat bụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere ngalaba asatọ nwere ndị ọrụ 200 nke onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu na-eduzi, onye nwere ike ije ozi kacha nke afọ abụọ nke afọ anọ.

Nkwupụta WMO a na-ebipụta kwa afọ maka ọnọdụ ihu igwe ụwa na-enye nkọwa nke okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, mpaghara na mba na ihe omume ihu igwe dị egwu. Ọ na-enyekwa ozi gbasara ihe ngosi mgbanwe ihu igwe na-adịte aka gụnyere oke ikuku nke ikuku griin haus, ịrị elu oke osimiri, na oke ice. Afọ 2016 bụ afọ kacha ewu ewu na ndekọ, yana ọtụtụ ihu igwe na oke ihu igwe, dịka akụkọ WMO kacha ọhụrụ si kwuo.

Ruo Ọgọst 2020, WMO nwere ndị otu obodo na ókèala 193.

Ndepụta nke ndị odeakwụkwọ ukwu

• 1952-1955 Gustav Swoboda ()
• 1956-1979 David Arthur Davies ()
• 1980-1983 Aksel C. Wiin-Nielsen ()
• 1984-2003 Godwin Obasi (Nijiria)
• 2004-2015 Michel Jarraud [fr] ()
• 2016-dị ugbu a Petteri Taalas ()

Atụmatụ WMO

• Mbelata ihe ize ndụ ọdachi
• Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)
• WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS)
• Ọrụ ihu igwe ụgbọelu
• Ógbè ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na ugwu ndị dị elu
• Mmepe ikike
• Ọchịchị

Usoro ihu igwe

N'ikwekọ n'iwu ya iji kwalite nhazi nke nyocha ihu igwe, WMO na-edobe ọtụtụ ụdị koodu maka nnọchite anya na mgbanwe nke meteorological, oceanographical, na data hydrological. Ụdị koodu ọdịnala, dị ka SYNOP, CLIMAT na TEMP, dabere na agwa na ntinye koodu ha dabere na ọnọdụ. Ụdị koodu WMO ọhụrụ ka emebere maka mbugharị, mbịpụta na ịdị n'ofe ụwa. Ndị a bụ BUFR, CREX, na, maka data edobere geo-grid, GRIB.

Nkwado ndị e nwetara

Na 2007, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ihe jikọrọ WMO na United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), nwetara Nrite Nobel Peace Prize "maka mbọ ha na-agba iji wulite na ịgbasa ihe ọmụma ka ukwuu banyere anthropogenic (mmadụ-) mere) mgbanwe ihu igwe, na ịtọ ntọala maka usoro ndị dị mkpa iji gbochie mgbanwe dị otú ahụ."

Ụbọchị Ihu igwe Ụwa

Isi ụlọ ọrụ WMO na Geneva, ya na IPCC na Group on Earth Observations

A na-eme ụbọchị ihu igwe ụwa kwa afọ na Maachị 23.

Ojiji nke International System of Units

WMO na-ekwu na "Ekwesịrị iji International System of Units (SI) mee ihe dị ka usoro nke nkeji maka nyocha nke ihe meteorological gụnyere na akụkọ maka mgbanwe mba ụwa." Nkeji ndị a, nke gụnyere nkeji na-abụghị nkeji SI, bụ ndị WMO na-atụ aro maka nleba anya ihu igwe:

• Degrees Celsius (°C) maka okpomọkụ, ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ Kelvin (K).
• Meters kwa sekọnd (m/s) maka ọsọ ifufe.
• Degrees clockwise site n'ebe ugwu (°) maka ntụziaka ifufe, ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ na ọkwa 0-36, ebe 36 bụ ifufe si n'ebeebe ugwu na 09 bụ ifufe sitere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.
• Hectopascals (hPa) maka nrụgide ikuku.
• Pasent (%) maka iru mmiri.
• Millimeters (mm) maka mmiri ozuzo (ma ọ bụ otu kilogram kwa square mita (kg/m2))
• Millimeters (mm) maka evaporation.
• Millimeters kwa elekere (mm / h) maka ike mmiri ozuzo, ma ọ bụ kilogram kwa square mita kwa sekọnd (kg m−2 s−1)
• Awa (h) maka oge anwụ na-achasi ike.
• Meters (m) maka ịhụ ụzọ.
• Metres (m) maka ịdị elu igwe ojii.
• Standard geopotential mita (m') maka ịdị elu geopotential.
• Kilograms kwa square mita (kg/m2) maka mmiri snow.
• Watts kwa square mita (W/m2) maka irradiance.
• Joules kwa square mita (J/m2) maka ikpughe radiant.
• Oktas maka ikpuchi igwe ojii.

Isi ihe mgbasa ozi ọha

• Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ihu igwe n'Ụwa Ụwa
• Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọha na eze nke WMO
• WMO maka Ndị Ntorobịa
• WMO Bulletin (ugboro abụọ n'afọ)
• WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (kwa afọ)
• Nkwupụta WMO na Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ụwa (kwa afọ)
• Na Septemba 2020 WMO bipụtara nchịkọta dị mkpirikpi nke ozi sayensị ihu igwe kachasị ọhụrụ site na WMO, GCP, UNESCO-IOC, IPCC, UNEP na Met Office. A na-ekewa United in Science 2020 Report n'ime isi asaa, nke ọ bụla nwere ndepụta nke ozi dị mkpa.

Ihe nrite na ihe nrite nke WMO

• Ihe nrite nke International Meteorological Organization
• Onyinye Prọfesọ Dr Vilho Väisälä
• Norbert Gerbier-Mumm International Award (kwụsịrị na 2014)
• Ihe nrite nyocha nke WMO maka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eto eto
• Onyinye Prọfesọ Mariolopoulus

Ndị otu

Ruo Mee 2019, Ndị otu WMO gụnyere ngụkọta nke steeti ndị otu 187 na mpaghara ndị otu 6.

Mba iri ndị otu United Nations esoghị na WMO: Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Palau, Saint Kitts na Nevis, Saint Vincent na Grenadines na San Marino. Cook Islands na Niue bụ ndị otu WMO mana ndị na-abụghị ndị otu United Nations. Obodo Vatican na Steeti Palestine na steeti ndị nwere oke nnabata abụghị ndị otu ọ bụla.

Mpaghara isii ndị otu WMO bụ mpaghara British Caribbean (nzukọ meteorological nzukọ na otu), French Polynesia, Hong Kong, Macau, Curaçao na Sint Maarten (ọrụ meteorological jikọrọ ọnụ na otu) na New Caledonia. (Depụta ndị otu niile nwere ụbọchị nnabata.)

Ndị otu mpaghara

Mba ndị so na World Meteorological Organization kewara n'ime njikọ mpaghara isii, nke egosiri na map ụwa

Mpaghara I (Africa)

Mpaghara nke Mbụ nwere steeti Africa na ole na ole ndị bụbu ndị ọchịchị. Mpaghara m nwere obodo iri ise na asaa na enweghị mpaghara ndị otu:   Onye na-abụghị onye otu

• Equatorial Guinea

Mpaghara nke Abụọ (Eshia)

Mpaghara II nwere steeti iri atọ na atọ na mpaghara ndị otu 2. Obodo ndị otu ahụ bụ:   Ógbè ndị so na ya bụ:

• Hong Kong
• Macau

Mpaghara nke Atọ (South America)

Mpaghara III nwere steeti South America, gụnyere France ebe French Guiana bụ mpaghara mba ofesi nke France. O nwere ngụkọta nke obodo iri na atọ na enweghị mpaghara ndị otu:  

Mpaghara nke anọ (North America, Central America na Caribbean)

Mpaghara IV nwere steeti North America, Central America na Caribbean, gụnyere steeti Europe atọ nwere ntụkwasị obi n'ime mpaghara ahụ. O nwere ngụkọta nke obodo iri abụọ na ise na ókèala ndị otu abụọ. Obodo ndị otu ahụ bụ:  

Mpaghara V (South-West Pacific)

Mpaghara V nwere obodo iri abụọ na atọ na ókèala ndị otu abụọ. Obodo ndị otu ahụ bụ:  

Mpaghara nke isii (Yurop)

Mpaghara VI nwere steeti niile dị na Europe yana ụfọdụ Western Asia. O nwere obodo iri ise:  

Steeti ndị otu na ihe karịrị otu mpaghara

Ngụkọta nke mba iri nwere ndị otu n'ime ihe karịrị otu mpaghara. Mba abụọ bụ ndị otu na mpaghara anọ dị iche iche, ebe asatọ bụ ndị otu mpaghara abụọ. Mba ndị a na mpaghara ha bụ ndị a:  

Hụkwa

• Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)
• Atụmatụ igwe ojii
• Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP)
• Usoro Nleba Anya Ihu igwe Ụwa
• Atụmatụ igwe ojii nke mba ụwa
• Ebe Nchọpụta Na-ahụ Maka Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe

Njikọ mpụga

• Public website. WMO.
• Severe World Weather website. WMO.
• Official website (as of October 2018, this functions as a WMO Extranet for the WMO Community as an interim solution until a new WMO Community website can be launched)
• International List of Selected, Supplementary and Auxiliary Ships. International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) (1999). “Including country codes”
• World Climate Conference-3 (WCC-3). WMO (Aug 2009).