Efua Sutherland

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Efua Theodora Sutherland
Mmádu
ụdịekerenwanyị Dezie
mba o sịGhana Dezie
aha n'asụsụ obodoEfua Theodora Sutherland Dezie
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya27 Jụn 1924 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụCape Coast Dezie
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya2 Jenụwarị 1996 Dezie
Ebe ọ nwụrụAccra Dezie
nwaEsi Sutherland-Addy Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaBekee, Akan language Dezie
Asụsụ ọ na-edeBekee Dezie
Ọrụ ọ na-arụodee uri, Odee akwụkwọ, odee ejije, educator, children's writer Dezie
ụdị ọrụ yaÁbu Dezie
onye were ọrụUniversity of Ghana Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọSt Monica's Senior High School, Homerton College, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Dezie
ogo mmụtaBachelor of Science Dezie
isi agụmakwụkwọlinguistics Dezie
oge ọrụ ya (mmalite)1951 Dezie
Oge ọrụ ya (njedebe)1996 Dezie
Ọrụ ama amaDrama Studio, Panafest Dezie
Ihe nriteGoogle Doodle Dezie
nnọchiaha nkeonweL484 Dezie
Efua Sutherland

Efua Theodora Sutherland ( Jun 27,1924 ruo Jenụarị 21, 1996) [1] bụ onye odee ihe omume Ghana, onye ntụzịaka, onye na-eme ihe nkiri ejije, onye ode akwụkwọ ụmụaka, onye na-ede abụ, onye ọka mmụta, onye nyocha, onye na-akwado ụmụaka na onye na-akwado omenala. Ọrụ ya gụnyere ejije Foriwa (1962), [2] Edufa (1967), [3] na The Marriage of Anansewa (1975). [4] [5] Ọ tọrọ ntọala Ghana Drama Studio, [6] tinyere Ghana Society of Writers, [7] Ghana Experimental Theatre, na ọrụ obodo akpọrọ Kodzidan (Ụlọ Akụkọ). [8] Dị ka onye Ghana mbụ n'eduzi ihe omume akụkọ Nchepụ̀ta [9] ọ bụ onye nwere mmetụta na mmepe nke ihe nkiri Ghana nke oge a, ma nyere aka n'iwebata ọmụmụ omenala arụmọrụ Africa na ogo mahadum. [10] Ọ bụkwa onye ọsụ ụzọ ụlọ mbiputa akwụkwọ Africa, Onye hiwere ụlọ ọrụ Afram Publications na Accra na oge ndị 1970. [11]

Ọ bụ onye nkwado omenala gbasara ụmụaka site na mmalite afọ ndị 1950 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, ma tinye kwa aka n'ịzụlite usoro mmụta, agụmagụ, ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri fiim gbasara ụmụaka Ghana. [12] [13] Edemede foto ya nke 1960 Playtime na Africa, nke ya na Willis E. Bell dere, gosipụtara mgbakwasa ukwu Uru dị na akụkọ gbasara mmepe ụmụaka wee gbado nka ukwu na 1980 site n'ịbụ isi na mmepe nke usoro ogige ntụrụndụ ọha na eze maka mba ahụ nye ụmụaka. [14]

Pan-Africanism nke Sutherland gosipụtara na nkwado ya maka ụkpụrụ ya na mmekorita ya na ndị Afrika na ndị Afrika nwere ogo dị elu nọ na mba na-emekọrịta ihe n'ọtụtụ ụzọ mmụta gụnyere mmekọrịta ya na Chinua Achebe, Ama Ata Aidoo, Maya Angelou, WEB Du Bois na Shirley Graham Du Bois, Margaret. Busby, Tom Feelings, Langston Hughes, Martin Luther King and Coretta Scott King, Femi Osofisan, Félix Morisseau-Leroy, Es'kia Mphahlele, Wole Soyinka na Ngugi wa Thiong'o . N'ide atụmatụ izizi na 1980 maka mmemme ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Pan-African na Ghana dị ka ụgbọ ọdịnala maka ịjikọta ndị Africa gburugburu ụwa, Sutherland bụ mkpali butere mmemme ihe nkiri Pan-African biennial nke a maara dị ka PANAFEST, nke mbụ emere na 1992. [15] [16]

Efua Sutherland nwụrụ na Accra mgbe ọdị afọ iri asaa na otu n'afọ 1996. [17]

Mmụta na mmalite ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A mụrụ ya dị ka Efua Theodora Morgue na Cape Coast, Gold Coast (bụ Ghana ugbu a), ebe ọ gụrụ gbasara nkuzi na St Monica's Training College na Mampong . [18] [19] Ọ gara England ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya, ma nweta akara ugo mmụta BA na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Homerton, Mahadum Cambridge - otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị Africa mbụ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'ebe ahụ - na ịmụ asụsụ Lingwistiks na School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London . [6] [18] [20]

Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Ghana na 1951, ọ kụziri nkuzi mbụ ya na Fijai Secondary School na Sekondi, emesia na St. Monica's School (1951 ruo 54), ma malitekwa idere ụmụaka akwụkwọ. [18] Ọ mecha kwuo, sị: “Amalitere m ide ihe nke ọma na 1951. Enwere m ike icheta kpọmkwem oge ahụ. Ọ bụ na Ista. Anọwo m na-eche banyere nsogbu agụmagụ e nwere ná mba m ruo ogologo oge. Mụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ m nọ na-akụzi omume n'otu obodo, iwe were m nke ukwuu maka ụdị akwụkwọ a na-amanye ụmụaka. O nweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi ha, ọnọdụ mmekọrịta ha ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla. Ya mere m malitere ide." [20]

Na 1954 ọ lụrụ Bill Sutherland, onye Africa America na onye Pan-African nke kwagara Ghana na 1953 [21] (ha nwere ụmụ atọ: onye mmụta bụ Esi Sutherland-Addy, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ Ralph Sutherland, na onye ọka iwu Amowi Sutherland Phillips) [22] [23] ma o nyeere di ya aka n'ịhiwe ụlọ akwụkwọ na mpaghara Transvolta. [24] [25]

mmepụta akwụkwọ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mgbe Gold Coast ghọrọ mba nweere onwe ya nke Ghana na 1957, Efua Sutherland haziri òtù ndị odee bụ Ghana Society of Writers (mgbe e mesịrị bụrụ Ghana Association of Writers), [26] nke weputara mbipụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Okyeame, nke o mere na 1960. Nke e mechara ọ bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ. [27] [28]

Sutherland nwalere nchepụta echiche ya site na ịkọ akụkọ na ụdị ejije ndị ọzọ sitere na ọdịnala ụmụ amaala Ghana. Akụkọ ya na-adaberekarị n'akụkọ ọdịnala, mana ọ na-enwetakwa ya site na akwụkwọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ, na-agbanwe akuko ọdịnala Africa ka ọ bụrụ usoro ihe nkiri ọgbara ọhụrụ. [29] Ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ya na ihe odide ndị ọzọ ka ekwupụtara na The Singing Net, ihe omume redio a ma ama nke Henry Swanzy malitere, [30] [31] wee bipụta ya na antọlọji 1958 ya bụ Voices of Ghana . Mbipụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Okyeame nke 1960 nwere obere akụkọ ya bụ "Samantaase", nke na-akọgharị akụkọ ifo. [28] Akụkọ ya akacha mara amara bụ Edufa nke (1967) (dabere na Alcestis nke Euripides ), Foriwa (1967), na The wedding of Anansewa (1975). [1]

Na 1958, Sutherland tọrọ ntọala Ghana Experimental Theatre, nke dabere na Ghana Drama Studio nke Sutherland wuru na Onye isi ala Kwame Nkrumah mehere na 1963 ya na Joe de Graft dị ka onye nduzi mbụ ya. N'ịbụ nke dị na ogbe ndịda Accra, ụlọ ihe nkiri ejije ghọrọ ebe ọzụzụ maka ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri si n'akụkụ nile nke Africa. Na 1962, o sonyeere ndị ọrụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu na ihe nkiri ọhụrụ, nke JH Kwabena Nketia na-edu . [24] Na 1963, mgbe Sutherland malitere ọrụ nke onye otu nyocha na Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, [18] [32] o gbakwunyekwara Ghana Drama Studio, bụ nke ghọrọ ebe ọzụzụ n'adịghị n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ, nke a na-akpọ Mahadum Ghana Drama Studio. Sutherland, na mgbakwunye nke nyocha na nkuzi ya na ụdị ihe nkiri Africa, bụ onye nsonye n'ime otu ndị chepụtara ma guzobe Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke gbasara nka Ihe omume. N'itinye uchu banyere akụkọ ọdịnala na mmepe ihe nkiri obodo, o hiwere Kodzidan (Ụlọ Akụkọ) na Ekumfi-Atwia, n'ogige etiti, bụ nke a ghọtara n'ụwa niile dị ka ihe nlereanya ọsụ ụzọ na ụlọ ihe nkiri gbasatara mmepe. [18] [29] [33]

Sutherland nyere ndụmọdụ na n'aka nke ya sitere n'ike mkpali mmụọ site n'aka ọtụtụ ndị odee nke Ghana, gụnyere Ama Ata Aidoo, Kofi Anyidoho na Meshack Asare .

Na mmalite oge nke 1970, Sutherland kwadoro ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ bụ Afram Publications, bụ nke etinyere na 1973, mana March 1974 ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ onwe ya na "Araba Mansa", ogige ya na Dzorwulu, Accra. [11] Sutherland nọgidere na-etinye aka n'ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ Afram ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. [34]

Mgbati omenala na pan-Africanism[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ọrụ Sutherland dọtara nlereanya ndị nchepụta sitere na ndị Afrịka zuru ụwa ọnụ. Nchịkọta ncheta nke ise Maya Angelou bụ ''All God's Children Need traveling Shoes,''nke n'agba akaebe maka nkwado mmetụta uche na ntinye aka na obodo Ghana nyere ya na 1960 site n'aka Efua Sutherland bụ onye ghọrọ ezigbo enyi. [35]

Sutherland zutere Dr WEB Du Bois mgbe o duuru ndị nnọchi anya Ghana na 1958 Afro-Asia Writers Conference na Tashkent (nke bụ isi obodo Uzbekistan ugbu a ). A nochịteere ya, mgbe ọ nwụrụ na Accra, Ghana na 1963, iji kwado Oriakụ Shirley Du Bois. Na oge ndị 1980 ,Sutherland nyere aka n'ịwuwe WEB Du Bois Memorial Center for Pan African Culture and Mausoleum n'ụlọ Du Bois'Accra. [36]

N'afọ 1980, o dere akwụkwọ aha ya bụ "Proposal for a Historical Drama Festival na Cape Coast", ngosi mkpa ọ dị na njikọ dị n'etiti Africa na ndị ya bi na mba. Nke a mere ka ọ pụta ìhè n'ọrụ ahụ bịara pụta dị ka PANAFEST nke steeti na-akwado, bụ nke mbụ Pan-African Historical Theater Festival, nke e mere na Cape Coast, Elmina na Accra, Ghana, site na abalị iri na abụọ ruo abali iri na iteghete nke ọnwa Desemba,1992 n'okpuru isiokwu "The Re- emergence of African Civilisation "bụ mmalitehachi nke mmehe Afrịka [3]

Nkwado maka ụmụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Sutherland guzoro ndị Ghana na nkwado nke UN Convention on the Rights of Child gbasara ụmụaka bụ (mba mbụ mere otú ahụ) ma bụrụ onye isi oche otu mba gbasatara ụmụaka bụ 'National Commission on Children 'site na 1983 ruo 1990, oge nke gosipụtara nkwado ụmụaka kacha sie ike na nke zuru oke na ọkwa mba n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ghana. N'ime ikike a, ọ duziri ọtụtụ mmemme ọhụrụ, gụnyere ego agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka iji kwado obodo ndị na-enweghị enyemaka, nke nka ọrụ a na-agbasa mmụta sayensị nye ụmụaka ogbenye ma ọ bụ ime obodo, na ichekwa ala maka mkpụrụ ihe atụ ogige ntụrụndụ ụmụaka na ogige ọbá akwụkwọ. gburugburu obodo. Ọ tọrọ ntọala maka Mmofra Foundation, na-arụsi ọrụ ike kemgbe 1997 dị ka otu obodo raara onwe ya nye iji kwalite ndụ omenala na ọgụgụ isi nke ụmụaka niile nọ na Ghana. [12] Na 2012 ewepụtara oge Playtime in Africa Initiative, nke sitere na akwụkwọ 1961 akpọrọ aha ya, iji mee ka ọha na eze nwee mmasị n'ebe ụmụaka nọ.

Ọrụ ikpeazụ ya kacha dị ịrịba ama na Institute of African Studies, Legon, bụ mmemme mmepe ụmụaka ya, bụ nke ezubere imepe ihe, ụzọ na ndị ọrụ maka mmemme nke nchepụta ihe nkiri n'ime na n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. UNICEF kpọrọ Sutherland ka ọ sonye na netwọkụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta zuru ụwa ọnụ iji tụlee koodu nke ikike mmadụ maka nchekwa ụmụaka. Go[4]

Ihe nketa[5][dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Na-esochi owuwu 1992 nke National Theatre nke Ghana na saịtị nke Drama Studio nwere, e wuru ihe atụ nke Studio n'ogige mahadum nke Ghana dịka akụkụ nke akụrụngwa nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Ihe omume nka N'ememe ncheta afọ iri ise nke Mahadum ahụ, a kpọgharịrị ụlọ ọrụ Studio Efua bụ Sutherland Drama Studio.
Ogige ụmụaka nke Efua Sutherland . N'ịbụ nke dị nso n'etiti Accra, Efua Sutherland chekwara oghere ọha acre 12 dị ka ogige maka ụmụaka niile na 1980s.
  • Oghere dị eka iri na abụọ dị na étíti obodo Accra edobere dị ka ogige ụmụaka na etiti Accra site na nkwado nke [13] Efua Sutherland e wee kpọharịa ya aha ya. [37] [38] [39] [40]
  • Efua Sutherlandstraat bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ okporo ámá dị na mpaghara Amsterdam, Netherlands, nke aha ya bụ ndị inyom na-ede akwụkwọ na ndị na-eme ihe ike. [38] [41]
  • Na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe 1997, Efua Sutherland hibere Mmofra Foundation n'ime afọ ikpeazụ ma nyefee ya nye ịkwalite ndụ omenala na ọgụgụ isi nke ụmụaka niile nọ na Ghana. N'ime ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ, ọtụtụ puku ụmụaka eritela uru site na mmemme edemede ya, nke nwere mmetụta nchepụta na nke gbadoro ụkwụ na imepụta ihe.
  • Oghere omenaala akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ / ogige a na-akpọ Mmofra Place na mpaghara Dzorwulu nke Accra bụ nke ghe oghe nye ụmụaka niile, ekele maka ụlọ Efua T. Sutherland.
  • Efua Sutherland Hall bụ ọnụ ụlọ ụmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ashesi, Berekuso, Ghana.
  • The Legacy of Efua Sutherland: Pan African Cultural Activism, otu nchịkọta na nsọpụrụ ya ka e bipụtara na 2007, nke Anne V. Adams na Esi Sutherland-Addy deziri. Ndị nyere aka bụ: Anne Adams, Esi Sutherland-Addy, Ama Ata Aidoo, Maya Angelou, Kofi Anyidoho, Sandy Arkhurst, William Branch, Margaret Busby, John Collins, David Donkor, James Gibbs, Comfort Caulley-Hanson, Biodun Jeyifo, Robert July, Mabel Komasi, Florence Laast, John Lemly, Jurgen Martini, Michael McMullan, Penina Mlama, Femi Osofisan, Sandra Richards, Amowi Sutherland Phillips, Ola Rotimi, Margaret Watts, Henry Wellington, na Vivian Windley.
  • Onye edemede, onye na-ede uri, onye nkuzi na onye diplomat Abena PA Busia tinyere isiakwụkwọ nye Efua Sutherland ("To the Roadmaker: Fragments of a Meditation") n'akwụkwọ uri ya Traces of a Life: A Collection of Elegies and Praise Poems (Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2008).
  • Enyere Sutherland ugwu site na doodle Google na 27 Jun 2018, nke gaara abụ ụbọchị ncheta ọmụmụ 94th ya.

nkọwapụta nkenke nke ọrụ[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Sutherland nwalere nchepụta echiche ya site na ịkọ akụkọ na ụdị ndị ọzọ dị egwu sitere na ọdịnala ụmụ amaala Ghana. Akụkọ ya na-adaberekarị n'akụkọ ọdịnala, mana ọ na-enwetakwa ya site na akwụkwọ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ, na-agbanwe mgbakọ ọdịnala Africa ka ọ bụrụ usoro ihe nkiri ọgbara ọhụrụ. [29] Ọtụtụ n'ime uri ya na ihe odide ndị ọzọ ka agbasara na The Singing Net, ihe omume redio a ma ama nke Henry Swanzy malitere, [30] [31] wee bipụta ya na 1958 anthology Voices of Ghana . Mbipụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Okyeame nke 1960 nwere obere akụkọ ya bụ "Samantaase", nke na-akọgharị akụkọ ifo. [28] Egwuregwu ya kacha mara amara bụ Edufa (1967) (dabere na Alcestis nke Euripides ), Foriwa (1967), na Alụmdi na Nwunye nke Anansewa (1975). [6]

Na Edufa na eponymous onye omee chọrọ ịgbapụ ọnwụ site n'imegbu nwunye ya, Ampoma, na ọnwụ nke e buru amụma ya site arụsị . N'ime akụkọ ihe omume a, Sutherland na-eji nkwenye ọdịnala ndị Ghana na- agbam afa na mmekọrịta nke emume ọdịnala na ndị Europe iji gosi Edufa dị ka onye bara ọgaranya na onye Ihe na-agara nke ọma n'oge a nke ndị ya na-akwanyere ùgwù. Ihe omume a ji omenala na ememe ichu aja na ihe atụ, ma akọrọ akụkọ a na ọnọdụ eletaghi anya nke mgbapụ nke Edufa gbahapụrụ nwunye-ya, ma nwunye ya na ndị inyom ndị ọzọ leghara ụkpụrụ omume nke gara aga anya. [29]

Na Foriwa agwa ama ama, onye bụ ada eze nwanyị nke Kyerefaso, na Labaran, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ugwu Ghana nke na-ebi ndụ dị mfe, wetara Kyerefaso mmepe anya nghọta, obodo nke maarala azụ ma enwekwaghi amamihe n'ihi na ndị okenye obodo ahụ jụrụ iweta mụta ụzọ ọhụrụ. [29] Isi okwu Foriwa bụ njikọ nke ọdịnala ochie na ụzọ ọhụrụ. [6] Akụkọ ahụ nwere isiokwu mba iji kwalite mmụọ mba ọhụrụ na Ghana nke ga-akwalite mmeghe maka echiche ọhụrụ na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti agbụrụ. [29]

The Marriage of Anansewa: Ihe nkiri Akụkọ Akụkọ (1975) ka a na-ewere dị ka ntinye aka kacha baa uru Sutherland na ihe nkiri na ejije Ghana. [29] N'ime ihe omume a, ọ na-atụgharị akụkọ ọdịnala Akan Ananse Spider ( Anansem ) n'ime usoro ejije ọhụụ dị egwu, nke ọ na-akpọ Anansegoro . [29] Nyamekye (ndinaudi Alice na Wonderland ), otu n'ime ihe nkiri ya mechara, na-egosi etu ọdịnala opera ndị mmadụ si metụta ya. [6]

Sutherland bụkwa onye dere ọrụ maka ụmụaka. Ọrụ ndị a gụnyere Ihe abuo nke abụ ndakorita nke dị n'ụdị ụmụ anụmanụ udele! Udele! na Tahinta (1968), na edemede ihe osise abụọ, tinyere foto nke Willis Bell (1924–2000): Oge ejije na Africa (1960) na The Roadmakers (1961). Enwere ike ịkọwa ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ mkpirisi ya dị ka abụ iduazi. Voice in the Forest, akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo na akụkọ ifo ihe arọrọ arọ nke Ghana, nke e bipụtara na 1983. [6]

A kọwawo oge egwuregwu n'Afrịka dịka"akwụkwọ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ejije omenala nke Ghana", bụ nke Sutherland lere anya dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka ịzụlite uche na ahụ ndị ntorobịa. [13] Ọbụghị naanị na ebipụtara ya afọ atọ ka Ghana nwechara nnwere onwe, ọ bụ akwụkwọ izizi nke Akụkọ omenala ụmụaka na Ghana. Akwukwo a gosiputara nchịkọta nke ndụ umuaka n n'etiti obodo ma webatakwa mwebata ndị obodo idere umuaka ihe , tinyere nbiputa na mmepe site na ejije maka umuaka.

Voice in the Forest bụ ederede na-egosipụta n'ike n'ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, na mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke ọchịchị colonial na mmekọ omenala na Ghana n'ihe gbasara ụmụaka. Edemede a bụ ịkọgharị akụkọ ọdịnala Akan ma na-ekwu maka ụkpụrụ omenala ọdịnala site na ọrụ onye aghụghọ. Ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere otu nwoke aha ya bụ Bempong bụ onye n'amaghị ama chọpụtara Samanta, osisi nymph, ma kpọghachite ya n'obodo ya. Na mbụ Bempong kwenyere na Samanta bụ nwa agbọghọ furu efu, na-awagharị naanị ya n'ime ọhịa.Na ọkara mbụ nke akụkọ ahụ, Samanta jụrụ ikwu okwu. Ọ bụghị ruo mgbe Bempong gbupụrụ ntutu isi ya, n'ịgbalị ịkpụchapụ̀ ntutu isi ya, ka Bempong ghọtara na nwa agbọghọ a bụ Samanta, osisi nymph - "ihe e kere eke nwere ike anwansi". [42] N'ịchọta olu ya n'otu oge iwe, Samanta bụrụ obodo ahụ ọnụ, gbahapụ ha n'enweghị nri ruo mgbe ọ ga-eweghachi ntutu isi ya. Onye dike nke akwụkwọ ahụ bụ Afrum, nwa Bempong, onye a na-ewere dị ka onye nzuzu obodo. Nhọrọ Sutherland ime iweli onye nzuzu bụ akụkụ nke ogologo usoro ọmụmụ nke onye aghụghọ n'ime akwụkwọ agụmagụ Africa. [43]

Nkwanye ugwu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na 2020, na mmemme akara ụbọchị ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa, 3Music Awards kwanyere Sutherland ugwu maka mmezu ya na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ. [44] [45]

Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ahọpụtara[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • ya na Willis E. Bell, Ndị na-eme okporo ụzọ: akwụkwọ foto nke Ghana (maka ụmụaka). Accra: Ghana Ozi Ọrụ / London: Newman Neame, 1961, 1963
  • ya na Willis E. Bell, Oge egwuregwu na Africa (maka ụmụaka), New York: Atheneum, 1962
  • Edufa (egwu), Longman, 1967
  • Foriwa: Egwuregwu n'ime Ọrụ Atọ, Accra-Tema: Ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta akwụkwọ, 1967
  • Tahinta (1968)
  • Udele! Udele! na Tahina: Egwuregwu Rhythm Abụọ , Tema: Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Ghana, 1968
  • Odasani (egwuregwu), Accra: Anowuo Educational Publications, 1969
  • ya na Willis Bell, The Original Bob: Akụkọ nke Bob Johnson, Ghana's Ace Comedian (egwuregwu), Accra: Anowuo Educational Publications, 1970
  • Anansegoro: Akụkọ-Ịkọ ihe nkiri na Ghana, Accra: Afram, 1975
  • Alụmdi na Nwunye nke Anansewa (egwuregwu), London: Longman, 1977, 1980; Washington, DC: Atọ Continents Press, 1980
  • Olu n’ime oke ọhịa: Akụkọ sitere na Ghana, Akwụkwọ Philomel, 1983
  • Anne V. Adams na Esi Sutherland-Addy (2007). Ihe nketa nke Efua Sutherland: Pan-African Cultural Activism, [17] Banbury: Ayebia Clarke Publishing. 
  • Fadare, Nureni Oyewole. "Omenala Folkloric na ụmụ nwanyị dị na Efua T. Sutherland's na Ama Ata Aidoo 's. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Ibadan nke English Studies 7 (2018): 341–360.
  • James Gibbs, "Efua Sutherland: The 'Mother' of the Ghanaian Theatre", na Nkyin-kyin: Essays on the Ghanaian Theatre (Cross/Cultures 98), Rodopi, 2009.
  • Salm & Falola (2002). Omenala na omenala Ghana . Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-32050-0
  • Esi Sutherland-Addy, "Creating For and with Children in Ghana - Efua Sutherland: a retrospective", na Michael Etherton (ed. ), Ụlọ ihe nkiri Africa: Youth, James Currey Ltd, 2006, p. 1–15.

Nrụtụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

 

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Petri Liukkonen. "Efua Sutherland". Books and Writers
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Google celebrates Efua Sutherland (en). www.ghanaweb.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved on 13 April 2019.
  2. ↑ Sutherland (1967). Foriwa: A Play (in en). State Publishing Corporation. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sutherland (1979). Edufa (in en). Longman. ISBN 9780582642720. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 The Marriage Of Anansewa. www.goodreads.com. Retrieved on 13 April 2019.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Sutherland, Efua Theodora Morgue, 1924–1996 (1975). The Marriage of Anansewa: a storytelling drama. London: Longman. ISBN 058264139X. OCLC 2292359. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 (1995-04-01) Merriam Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Merriam-Webster. ISBN 0-87779-042-6. 
  7. ↑ Danquah, Moses, "Ghana, One Year Old: a First Independence Anniversary Review", Accra: Publicity Promotions, 1958.
  8. ↑ Thrash Murphy (1 December 1998). Black Authors and Illustrators of Books for Children and Young Adults. Routledge (UK). ISBN 0-8153-2004-3. 
  9. ↑ Busby, Margaret, "Efua Sutherland", Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Words and Writings by Women of African Descent (1992), Vintage, 1993, p. 314.
  10. ↑ Banham (13 May 2004). A History of Theatre in Africa. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80813-8. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Our History. Afram Publications. Retrieved on 25 March 2021.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "About", Mmofra Foundation.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Imagining a Better Future – Playtime in Africa", PlayGroundology, 30 April 2012.
  14. ↑ Simoes da Silva, Tony, "Myths, Traditions and Mothers of the Nation: Some Thoughts on Efua Sutherland's Writing", EnterText 4, no. 2 (2005): 256.
  15. ↑ "History", Panafest website.
  16. ↑ (2007) in Adams, Sutherland-Addy: The Legacy of Efua Sutherland: Pan-African Cultural Activism. Banbury: Ayebia Clarke Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9547023-1-1. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Judith Greenwood, "The Legacy of Efua Sutherland: Pan-African Cultural Activism" (review), Leeds University Centre for African Studies, African Studies Bulletin, 70 (December 2008), pp. 84–86.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 "Sutherland, Efua (1924–1996)", Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia.com.
  19. ↑ "Sutherland, Efua (1924–1996)", Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages, Gale, 2007.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Busby, Margaret, "Efua Sutherland: Reaching out to young Africa" (Obituary), The Guardian, 27 January 1996.
  21. ↑ Interview with Bill Sutherland (19 July 2003), for William Minter, Gail Hovey, and Charles Cobb Jr. (eds), No Easy Victories: African Liberation and American Activists over a Half Century, 1950–2000, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2007.
  22. ↑ "ESI SUTHERLAND ADDY PERSONALITY - PROFILE FRIDAY ON JOYNEWS (14-3-14)", My JoyOnline. YouTube.
  23. ↑ "Board of Directors", Mmofra Foundation.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Liukkonen. Efua Sutherland. Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the original on 29 December 2008.
  25. ↑ "US anti-apartheid activist dies", News24 Archives, January 6, 2010.
  26. ↑ Ghana Association of Writers website.
  27. ↑ Gikandi, Simon, "Sutherland, Efua Theodora", Encyclopedia of African Literature, Routledge, 2003.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Gibbs, James, "Efua Sutherland: The 'Mother' of the Ghanaian Theatre", in Nkyin-kyin: Essays on the Ghanaian Theatre (Cross/Cultures 98), Rodopi, 2009, p. 101.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 29.7 Owonoyela (23 August 2002). A History of Twentieth-Century African Literatures. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8604-X. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Efua Sutherland", Encyclopædia Britannica.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Akidiva, Arbogast Kemoli, "Radio and Literature in Africa: Lee Nichols' Conversations with African Writers", p. 229. University of Alberta dissertation, Spring 1997.
  32. ↑ Collins, Stephen (2011), "Playwriting and postcolonialism: identifying the key factors in the development and diminution of playwriting in Ghana 1916-2007", MPhil(R) thesis, p. 15, University of Glasgow.
  33. ↑ Gibbs, pp. xv, 111.
  34. ↑ Anyidoho, Kofi, and James Woods (eds), FonTomFrom: Contemporary Ghanaian Literature, Theatre and Film, p. 80.
  35. ↑ Angelou, Maya, All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes, 1986.
  36. ↑ Shipley, Jesse Weaver, and Jemima Pierre, "The Intellectual and Pragmatic Legacy of Du Bois's Pan-Africanism in Contemporary Ghana", in Mary Keller and Chester J. Fontenot (eds), Re-cognizing W.E.B. Du Bois in the Twenty-first Century: Essays on W.E.B. Du Bois, Mercer University Press, 2007, p. 79.
  37. ↑ "Efua Sutherland Children's Park (Accra).
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Founder", Mmofra Foundation.
  39. ↑ "Efua Sutherland Children’s Park to be refurbished", Ghana News Agency, 30 December 2014.
  40. ↑ Akordor, Kofi, "What happened to the children’s parks in Ghana?", GhanaWeb, 13 October 2015.
  41. ↑ Streetview map, Geographic.org.
  42. ↑ Sutherland, Efua, A Voice in the Forest (Ghana: Afram Publishing, 1983), p. 9.
  43. ↑ See Pelton, Robert D. The Trickster in West Africa: A Study of Mythic Irony and Sacred Delight. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
  44. ↑ Yakubu (9 March 2020). Theresa Ayoade, Akosua Adjepong, Daughters of Glorious Jesus, others honoured at 3Music Women's Brunch (en-US). www.myjoyonline.com. MyJoyOnline. Retrieved on 15 March 2021.
  45. ↑ Theresa Ayoade, Tagoe Sisters, Akosua Agyapong, Others honoured at 3Music Women's Brunch (en-US). LiveXtra Ghana (9 March 2020). Retrieved on 15 March 2021.
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