Òtù Ndị inyom Na-emegide Fascist nke Croatia

The Women's Antifascist Front of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Antifašistički front žena Hrvatske/Антифашистички фронт жена Хрватске), nke a na-akpọkarị AFŽ, bụ ọgbakọ nke mba Croatia nke afọ abụọ nke ndị Kọmunist guzobere na December 1 na mba Croatia. Republic n'onwe ya. Ebumnobi ya ekwuru bụ "ịgbalite na ijikọ ọnụ ọgụgụ sara mbara nke ụmụ nwanyị ... n'agbanyeghị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mba ma ọ bụ okpukperechi ha ... na itinye ha na mgba nnwere onwe mba". Ọ bụ otu n'ime òtù ndị mere ka Women's Antifascist Front nke Yugoslavia pụta na Disemba 1942. ^[1]

Ebumnuche na ebumnuche

Ebumnuche bụ isi nke nzukọ ahụ bụ ijide n'aka na Ụmụ nwanyị Croatia sonyere na mmegide ndị agha megide ndị Nazi bi na Yugoslavia na steeti ndị Nazi a na-akpọ Independent State of Croatia (NDH). ^[2] Ọrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere ịgbasa akwụkwọ nta ndị na-emegide ndị Fascist, ịkwalite ihe ndị Soviet Union rụzuru, na ịhazi ụdị mmegide na-abụghị nke agha. Mgbalị maka Ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị bụkwa ọrụ gọọmentị; ọ bụ ezie na ekwuru ya n'ụzọ na-edoghị anya na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ echiche, ọ ghọrọ ebumnuche dị mkpa nke AFŽ.^[1] Ọ bụ ezie na ndị Communist Party ji ezi obi chọọ imeziwanye ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị, a na-atụle AFŽ n'onwe ya dị ka nzukọ dị mfe nke a ga-esi na ya banye n'òtù nnupụisi. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya, AFŽ dị iche iche malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'onwe ha na pati ahụ. Akụkụ ụfọdụ bịara mara dị ka ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị n'ụzọ doro anya karịa ndị na-emegide Fascist. "Mjọ ndị a na-eduga n'ịhụ ụmụ nwanyị", dị ka ndị isi pati ahụ kpọrọ, pụtara ìhè na Croatia.^[2]

Nzukọ ahụ na-elekọta ogige ụmụ mgbei na mpaghara ndị a tọhapụrụ, ebe ndị mbụ na Yugoslavia bụ ndị dị na mpaghara etiti Croatia nke Lika na Kordun. Na Croatia naanị AFŽ na-elekọta ihe dị ka 100 Ụlọ ụmụaka n'oge agha. E nyere ụmụ nwanyị ọrụ ịkwado akụ na ụba obodo site n'ọrụ ugbo, ibuga nri na mgbọ site n'obodo nta gaa n'ihu, kamakwa maka omume mmebi na ntụgharị, dị ka ibibi ihe ọkụkụ ndị iro, eriri ekwentị, okporo ụzọ na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.^[1] Ebe ọ bụ na enweghi otu nzukọ yiri ya iji kụziere ụmụ nwoke, ndị isi AFŽ nke Croatia kwuru n'oge na-adịghị anya na n'ebe ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na-enwe mmasị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma na-etinye aka na mkpọsa karịa ụmụ nwoke n'ime obodo ha.^[1]

Ndị agbụrụ

Enweghị ntụkwasị obi n'etiti agbụrụ butere AFŽ Croatia nnukwu nsogbu n'oge "agha fratricidal". Ndị agha weghaara ha lekwasịrị anya na ndị Juu na ndị Ọtọdọks nke Serbia, na nkwado nke ndị agha Croat Ustaša. Dị ka òtù Partisan n'onwe ya, AFŽ dọtara ọtụtụ ndị Serbs n'akụkụ ndị Croatia bụ ndị nọ n'okpuru NDH, ebe ụmụ nwanyị Croat mebere ọtụtụ ndị otu na Dalmatia na Gorski kotar, akụkụ nke mba ndị Italy jikọtara ozugbo. Ịbịarute Croats na mpaghara NDH na-achịkwa n'ime AFŽ chọrọ oge na mgbalị, karịsịa n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị otu Serb na-enweghị oke mere ka ọ dị ka òtù ndị Serbia bụ isi. N'aka nke ọzọ, ụmụ nwanyị Serbia na-ebuso ndị obodo Croat iro asị bụ ndị chọrọ isonye na òtù ndị Partisan na-akwado dịka AFŽ.^[1]

Kansụl

E mere Kansụl mbụ nke Women's Antifascist Front of Croatia na Jenụwarị 1943, afọ abụọ mgbe e guzobere nzukọ ahụ n'onwe ya, ọ bụkwa kansụl mbụ na-esote kansụl nke mbụ nke December 1942 nke Women'l Antifascista Front of Yugoslavia. AFŽ nke Croatia bụ nzukọ AFŽ kachasị ukwuu, nke nwere ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe 9,348 na kansụl 1,667 na Jenụwarị 1943. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe 3,130 na kansụl 627 dị na Croatia.^[3] Netwọk AFŽ nke Croatia bụkwa nke kachasị emepe na nke a haziri nke ọma. ^[1]

Ndị kansụl AFŽ malitere n'ebe niile ndị Partisan nwere onwe ha na Croatia. ^[1] Kansụl mpaghara na-agwa mpaghara, nke dị n'okpuru kansụl nke mba ahụ, nke n'aka nke ya zara kansụl gọọmentị etiti.^[3] Na mbido, nke kachasị arụsi ọrụ ike, yana ihe ndị pụrụ iche ọ rụzuru n'agha ahụ, bụ AFŽ mpaghara maka Lika na Croatia n'onwe ya. Ọ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụ nwanyị mbụ n'oge agha, Žena u borbi ("Nwanyị na-alụ ọgụ"), n'etiti 1942 megide ndị nnupụisi Operation Trio. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bịara dị irè nke ukwuu n'ịkpali ụmụ nwanyị nke Lika, ma bụrụ ihe atụ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ na-adị n'oge agha nke ụlọ ọrụ AFŽ dị iche iche wepụtara.^[1]

Hụkwa

Òtù Ndị inyom Na-emegide Fascist nke Bosnia na Herzegovina
Òtù Ndị inyom Na-emegide Fascist nke Masedonia

Ndị mmadụ

Ruža Petrović (1911-1958), onye ọrụ ugbo Croat si Istria, onye nnọchi anya mpaghara na Croatian AFŽ, ndị Fascist Itali kpuru ìsì maka ọrụ ya

Ebem si dee

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Batinić (2015). Women and Yugoslav Partisans: A History of World War II Resistance. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107091078. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "batinić" defined multiple times with different content
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Hoare (2014). Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War: A History. Oxford University Press, 80, 222, 223. ISBN 978-0199327850.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Ramet (2010). Gender Politics in the Western Balkans: Women and Society in Yugoslavia and the Yugoslav Successor States. Pennsylvania State Press, 80. ISBN 978-0271043067. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ramet" defined multiple times with different content

[batinić-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 ^1.7 Batinić (2015). Women and Yugoslav Partisans: A History of World War II Resistance. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107091078. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "batinić" defined multiple times with different content

[hoare-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Hoare (2014). Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War: A History. Oxford University Press, 80, 222, 223. ISBN 978-0199327850.

[ramet-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Ramet (2010). Gender Politics in the Western Balkans: Women and Society in Yugoslavia and the Yugoslav Successor States. Pennsylvania State Press, 80. ISBN 978-0271043067. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ramet" defined multiple times with different content

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