Ịdị ọcha mgbe amuchara nwa

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Etching (Germany, c. 1731) na-egosi adịghị ọcha nke nne mgbe ọ mụsịrị nwa, dị ka iwu ndị Juu si kwuo. Akwụkwọ Levitikọs na-ekwu na a ga-ewere nne dị ka onye na-adịghị ọcha ruo ụbọchị 40 mgbe ọ mụsịrị nwa nwoke na ụbọchị 80 mgbe ọ mụrụ nwa nwanyị. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-egosi nne nọ n'àkwà na-eri nri, ndị inyom na ụmụaka gbara ya gburugburu. A na-ama nwa ya n'ụlọ nkwari akụ. N'ihu, ụmụaka atọ na-asọpụta mmiri site na ite. N'azụ bụ obodo nwere ụlọikwuu.

Ịdị ọcha mgbe amụchara nwa bụ nkwenye okpukpe ma ọ bụ ọdịbendị na nne ọhụrụ nọ n'ọnọdụ adịghị ọcha ma ọ bụ mmetọ, na-achọ ime ka a dị ọcha. A na-ejikọta ya na nnọpụiche nke atụmanya nke ịnọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mgbe amuchara amuchara, na n'ozuzu ya na iwu gbasara ịhụ nsọ na ọbara ọgbụgba.

Iwu Akwụkwọ Nsọ banyere adịghị ọcha mgbe amụchara nwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Dị ka Akwụkwọ Levitikọs 12 si kwuo, nwanyị na-amụ nwa nwoke na-anọgide na-adịghị ọcha ruo otu izu, ma mesịa mikpuo n'ime mmiri iji mee ka onwe ya dị ọcha. Na nkọwa ndị rabaị nke Levitikọs 12, ọbara ọ bụla ọ hụrụ n'ime ụbọchị 33 sochirinụ ga-ewere ya dị ka dam tohar (דַּם טׂוהַר - ọbara dị ọcha), na ọbara ahụ anaghị egbochi ya iso di ya nwee mmekọahụ. Iwu maka nwanyị na-amụ nwa nwanyị bụ otu, Otú ọ dị, oge ahụ ji okpukpu abụọ. Nne ahụ na-aghọ ihe na-adịghị ọcha ruo izu abụọ, mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ọbara ọ bụla ọ hụrụ n'ime ụbọchị iri isii na isii sochirinụ bụ dam tohar.

Nkọwa nke ndị ọkà mmụta[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Enweghị nkwekọrịta ndị ọkà mmụta maka iwu Akwụkwọ Nsọ, gụnyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọmụmụ ụmụnwoke na ụmụnwanyị. Tikva Frymer-Kensky tụrụ aro na "dị ka onye metụrụ ọnwụ aka, onye amụrụla anọwo na njedebe nke ndụ / na-abụghị ndụ.."[1]

Ihe ndị ọzọ na-agụnye oge nsogbu ma ọ bụ ihe ize ndụ, egwu nke ndị mmụọ ọjọọ, ahụike, na enweghị ihe zuru oke.[2][3]

Iwu na omume ndị Juu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

N'ime ala nke iwu Akwụkwọ Nsọ na okwu okpukpe ndị Juu na-esote Akwụkwọ Nsọ gbara tumah na taharah gburugburu, a na-akpọ adịghị ọcha ahụ n'asụsụ Hebrew tumat yoledet. Halakhah na-emeso yoledet (nwaanyị na-amụ nwa) n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka nwanyị ọ bụla nwere ọnọdụ niddah.

N'obodo ụfọdụ ndị Juu, a na-eme emume na ogo nke nzuzo maka ụmụnwanyị na-amụ nwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, e nwere omenala ndị Sana Yemen nke ụmụnwanyị na-eleta nne n'ime izu 4-6 mgbe ha mụsịrị nwa. A ga-eleta nne ahụ n'ime ụlọ pụrụ iche n'ụlọ ya ma ọ ga-anọdụ n'ime igbe nwere ọdịdị uhe atọ a chọrọ mma.[4]

Omume Ndị Kraịst[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ụfọdụ ụka ndị mbụ gbasoro omenala ndị Juu nke igbochi ụmụnwanyị ife ofufe mgbe ha mụsịrị nwa ruo mgbe emume ime ka ha dị ọcha.[5][6] Taa, ọtụtụ Ndị Kraịst na-echeta Candlemas, emume nke ịdị ọcha nke Virgin Mary. Ụfọdụ na-aga n'ihu na-eme emume Nnabata Ụmụnwanyị n'ụlọụka, nke sitere na ọdịnala ndị Juu mana ọ bụghị na ọ na-egosi emume adịghị ọcha.[7][8]

Okpukpe Hindu[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Na okpukpe Hindu, Sutak bụ adịghị ọcha metụtara ọmụmụ nwa.[9][10] Mgbe amuchara, a na-ahụ oge mmetọ nke ụbọchị iri na otu (13).[11]

Okpukpe Sikh[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Sutak bụ nkwenkwe Hindu nke jikọtara ya na adịghị ọcha nke ụlọ n'ihi ọmụmụ nwa. E kwekwaara na ụmụnwanyị na-enwekarị adịghị ọcha dị otú ahụ. Guru Nanak katọrọ echiche ndị dị otú ahụ nke mmetọ / adịghị ọcha.[9][12]

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  • Mmachibido iwu maka ịhụ nsọ
  • Ịda mbà n'obi mgbe amuchara nwa

Ebensidee[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. p. 401
  2. Milgrom, Jacob (1993). "The rationale for biblical impurity". Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society 22 (1). 
  3. Macht, David I. (1933). "A scientific appreciation of Leviticus 12: 1-5". Journal of Biblical Literature 52 (4): 253–260. DOI:10.2307/3259207. 
  4. Goldberg (2003). Jewish passages: cycles of Jewish life. Univ. of California, 64–65. ISBN 9780520206939. 
  5. Susan K. Roll, "The Old Rite of Churching Women after Childbirth, in (2003) in De Troyer: Wholly woman, holy blood: a feminist critique of purity and impurity. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International. ISBN 9781563384004. 
  6. Newell, Rachel C. "The thanksgiving of women after childbirth: a blessing in disguise." Exploring the Dirty Side of Women’s Health. London, New York (2007): 44-59.
  7. Cressy (1993). "Purification, Thanksgiving and the Churching of Women in Post-Reformation England". Past and Present 141 (1): 106–146. DOI:10.1093/past/141.1.106. 
  8. Knödel (1997). "Reconsidering an Obsolete Rite: The Churching of Women and Feminist Liturgical Theology". Feminist Theology 5 (14): 106–125. DOI:10.1177/096673509700001406. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 Singh (2009). A Complete Guide to Sikhism. Unistar Books, 116–117. ISBN 9788171427543. 
  10. Preston (2017). Mother Worship: Theme and Variations. UNC Press Books, 250. ISBN 9781469610207. 
  11. Singh (1998). India's Communities. Oxford University Press, 486. ISBN 9780195633542. 
  12. Rait (2005). Sikh Women in England: Their Religious and Cultural Beliefs and Social Practices. Trentham Books, 72. ISBN 9781858563534. 
  • Cooper (October 2004). "A medieval Jewish version of original sin: Ephraim of Luntshits on Leviticus 12". Harvard Theological Review 97 (4): 445–459. DOI:10.1017/S0017816004000781. 
  • Goldberg, Harvey E. Akụkụ ndị Juu: okirikiri nke ndụ ndị Juu. Univ nke California Press, 2003.
  • Magonet, Jonathan "'Ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ, ọ bụ nwa ejima maka ụbọchị asaa ugboro abụọ..": Ihe omimi nke Levitikọs 12: 5." Reading Leviticus: Mkparịta ụka na Mary Douglas (1996): 144-52.
  • Tikva Frymer-Kensky, "Mmetọ, Ịdị ọcha, na Ịsacha n'Izrel Akwụkwọ Nsọ," na Okwu Onyenwe anyị ga-aga n'ihu: Essays in Honor of D. N. Freedman in Celebration of His Sixtieth Birthday (ed. C. L. Meyers na M. O"Connor; Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1983), 399-414