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Ịda ogbenye na Vietnam

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Oke nke ndị bi na oke ịda ogbenye ka oge na-aga
Map ọnụego ịda ogbenye site na mpaghara Viet Nam na 2010 na 2014.
Ịda ogbenye na Vietnam
aspect in a geographic region
ihu nkeịda ogbenye Dezie
mba/obodoVietnam Dezie

Ruo n'afọ ndị 1920, ọtụtụ ndị bi na Vietnam bi n'okpuru ahịrị ịda ogbenye . Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya, nke sitere na ọtụtụ afọ dị ka ndị France na-achị, [1] ndị Japan na-arụ na Vietnam, [2] Vietnam-American War, [3] na esemokwu ndị ọzọ n'ime Mainland Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia (nke bụ isi. agha Cambodia-Vietnamese [4] [5] na agha Sino-Vietnamese [6] ). Esemokwu na-aga n'ihu site na 1887 ruo 1991, ihe karịrị 100 afọ nke enweghị ntụkwasị obi ahapụla Vietnam obodo agha tisasịrị [7] [8] [9] nke nwere nnukwu idei mmiri sitere na typhoons, oke oke osimiri, yana nke a na-akpọ " oge idei mmiri" site na udu mmiri oge ( Osimiri East Asia n'oge oyi na mmiri ozuzo South Asia n'oge okpomọkụ), yana mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe . [10] [11] [12]

Ndozigharị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke akụ na ụba nke malitere na 1986, nke bụ usoro iwu maka nnwere onwe ahịa nke akpọrọ Đổi Mới (Mmeghari / Innovation), ọnọdụ nke ịda ogbenye na agụụ na Vietnam emeela ka ọ dịkwuo mma - site na otu n'ime mba ndị kasị daa ogbenye n'ụwa. Ego onye ọ bụla na-enweta n'okpuru US $100 kwa afọ, ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2013 Viet Nam ghọrọ mba etiti na-akpata ego na ego onye ọ bụla na-enweta US$1,910 (na 2013). [13] Ọnụego ịda ogbenye belatara site na pasent 58 na 1993 ruo pasent 28.9 na 2002, pasent 14.5 na 2008, ruo ihe dị ka pasent 12 na 2011. A na-eche na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 28 bụ ndị ewepụrụla n'ịda ogbenye kemgbe iri afọ abụọ. [14] Akuko 2014 Global Hunger Index (GHI) gosiputara Vietnam nke iri na ise n'ime mba 81 na-enwe aguu, yana GHI nke 7.5 ma e jiri ya tụnyere 27.7 di egwu na 1990 (mba nwere oke egwu (GHI ≥ 30), di egwu (GHI n'etiti 20.0 na 29.9) ma ọ bụ dị njọ (GHI n'etiti 10.0 na 19.9) ọnọdụ [15] . Mmezu e nwetara na mbelata ịda ogbenye na ikpochapụ agụụ nwere nnukwu ekele ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkwalite mmepe akụ na ụba . Otú ọ dị, Vietnam ka nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ dị n'ihu n'ịlụso ịda ogbenye na agụụ ọgụ yana maka ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ike dị ka agbụrụ dị nta, ndị nwere nkwarụ, ilekọta ndị agadi, na ndị na-adịghị ike ime mpụ . [16] [17] [18] [19]

Ụnwụ na Vietnam, 1945

N'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ewezuga ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke ọtụtụ ndị Vietnam zuru ezu, ọnụego mmecha ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mbido 2021 n'afọ nke abụọ nke ọrịa coronavirus bụ naanị ihe dị njọ 58%, nke agbanyeghị, sitere na naanị 55% na 2013. [20] Site na 1990 ruo 2016, oke ndebanye aha Vietnam Nam na agụmakwụkwọ mahadum tolitere site na naanị 2.7% ruo 28.3%. Ka o sina dị, oke a ka dị n'okpuru nke mba ndị ọzọ na mpaghara ahụ. [21] Mpaghara akọwapụtara nke Vietnam ebe enwere oke nha nhata nke inweta agụmakwụkwọ na akụ na ụba dọdara nkezi ala. [20]

Dabere na akụkọ sitere na Asia Development Bank, Vietnam nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 91.70 dị ka nke 2015, ihe dị ka otu nde mmadụ karịa afọ gara aga. [22] Na 2016, 5.8% nke ndị bi na-ebi n'okpuru ahịrị ịda ogbenye mba; na 2019, ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ bụ 2.0%. [23] Onu ogugu ndi mmadu bi na mkpọturu gbadara site na 60.5% na 1992 rue 13.8% ibi n'ime mkpọka site na 2018. [24]

Mmekọrịta n'etiti ndị otu

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Mbelata ịda ogbenye bụ naanị ihe ịga nke ọma ma ọ bụrụ na akụkụ niile sitere na gọọmentị gaa na ọha mmadụ na ndị na-enye onyinye, site na etiti gọọmentị etiti na ndị mmadụ n'onwe ha na-etinye aka na usoro ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa ka e kenye ọrụ na ọrụ dị iche iche nke ndị dị iche iche nke ọma na kpọmkwem. Dokwuo anya nke ọrụ ha ga-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ịdị n'otu dị ukwuu n'etiti ha. Akụkọ mmepe Vietnam (2001) na-atụ aro ụzọ isi dozie nke a site n'ime ka ọrụ dị n'etiti gọọmentị etiti na nke ime obodo, ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ mbelata ịda ogbenye na ọkwa mpaghara, na ndị metụtara ya, maka njikwa na nnyefe nke ọrụ mbelata ịda ogbenye. . [25]

Usoro nchekwa ọha

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Usoro nchebe ọha na eze na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa maka mbelata ịda ogbenye na-adịgide adịgide. Na Vietnam, usoro nchebe ọha na eze dị ugbu a nwere ihe atọ bụ isi bụ nchekwa ọha, enyemaka mmadụ na mmemme dabeere na mpaghara. Nchekwa ọha gụnyere mkpuchi ọha, mkpuchi ahụike na mkpuchi enweghị ọrụ. Enyemaka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-elekwasị anya na ndị na-erite uru gụnyere ndị agadi 85 na karịa ma ọ bụ ndị bi naanị ha, ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị nwere nkwarụ uche, nne na nna nanị ha na-azụ ụmụ, ụmụ mgbei na ndị ọzọ, ebe a ga-eji mmemme ahụ dabeere na mpaghara na enyemaka mberede iji nyere aka na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha. ndị a tara ahụhụ. [16] Otú ọ dị, mmetụta dị n'akụkụ nke ịba ụba mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba na-edugakwa n'ịbawanye nrụgide ọha na eze. Ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu onwe onye na Vietnam abawanyela n'ime iri afọ gara aga (2000-2021), ebe ụmụ nwoke nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-enweta ọnwụ igbu onwe ha mgbe ahụ ụmụ nwanyị. [26] Ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu onwe onye enweela ahaghị nhata nke nwoke na nwanyị n'ofe ọtụtụ mba ma ọ bụ mba ma ọ bụ ndị mmadụ. Dị ka nke a, usoro nchebe ọha na eze ( tư-vấn tâm-lý, ndụmọdụ uche-ndụ na Vietnamese) maka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke igbu onwe ( tự tử ma ọ bụ tự sát ) dị mkpa, na-enwekwu nyocha na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mgbochi igbu onwe maka Vietnamese chọrọ. . [27] N'otu oge ahụ, a na-achọkwu nyocha na ọmụmụ ihe iji dozie nsogbu nke mwakpo mmekọahụ, mmekpa ahụ na trauma, na ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-enwekwu ihe ize ndụ mgbe ahụ ndị nwoke na ụmụ nwoke, yana dozie nsogbu gbasara ịzụ ahịa ( ịzụ ahịa mmadụ & ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ ) na ịgba ohu . [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35]

Agụmakwụkwọ & Ahụike

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O doro anya na ịnweta agụmakwụkwọ na ahụike na-enye ụzọ isi belata ịda ogbenye maka ndị na-adịghị ike. [19] Maka ndị nwere ohere mmụta ugbua, nkuzi onwe ( học thêm na Vietnamese) bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ndị nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka oge ụlọ akwụkwọ gachara. Okwu ndị dị mgbagwoju anya gbasara nkuzi nkeonwe dị ka ndị nwere 'oke' ma ọ bụ 'nwere ihe ùgwù' nwere ike ị nweta ma nweta nkuzi nke onwe ebe ndị ogbenye na-agbasi mbọ ike iji nweta ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ma ọ bụ na nnukwu akwụkwọ nkuzi nke onwe bụ ihe na-egosi mkpa ọ dị ịkwalite ngalaba ọha. bụ arụmụka nkịtị nke mgbagwoju anya nke ọdịdị nkuzi nkeonwe. Maka ndị nọ n'ọnọdụ dara ogbenye, ọ bụ maka imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọrụ mmụta na ahụike ka enwere ohere nke mmekọrịta akụ na ụba ka mma. [36]

Hụkwa

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  • Ahụike na Vietnam
  • Vietnam – Akụ na ụba
  • Economy nke Vietnam

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ Vietnam - The conquest of Vietnam by France | Britannica (en). www.britannica.com. Retrieved on 2021-12-16.
  2. ↑ When the Japanese Occupied Vietnam: Part 1 | Saigoneer (en-gb). saigoneer.com. Retrieved on 2021-12-16.
  3. ↑ Vietnam War | Facts, Summary, Years, Timeline, Casualties, Combatants, & Facts | Britannica (en). www.britannica.com. Retrieved on 2021-12-16.
  4. ↑ "Vietnam's forgotten Cambodian war", BBC News, 2014-09-14. Retrieved on 2021-12-16. (in en-GB)
  5. ↑ Morris (1999). Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia: Political Culture and the Causes of War. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3049-5. 
  6. ↑ The Bitter Legacy of the 1979 China-Vietnam War (en-US). thediplomat.com. Retrieved on 2021-12-16.
  7. ↑ VietnamPlus (2022-01-07). Quang Tri: 227kg bomb successfully relocated | Society | Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus) (en). VietnamPlus. Retrieved on 2022-01-07.
  8. ↑ VnExpress. 340-kg wartime bomb found in south central rice field - VnExpress International (en). VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam. Retrieved on 2022-01-07.
  9. ↑ VnExpress. 900-kg wartime bomb found in famous Vietnam battlefield - VnExpress International (en). VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam. Retrieved on 2022-01-07.
  10. ↑ Palmer (2015-07-21). "The Economic Lives of People with Disabilities in Vietnam". PLOS ONE 10 (7): e0133623. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0133623. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 26197034. 
  11. ↑ T.M. In Vietnam poverty and poor development, not just floods, kill the most marginalised (en). The Conversation. Retrieved on 2021-12-16.
  12. ↑ Mook (2016). "Exposure to Floods, Climate Change, and Poverty in Vietnam" (in en-US). Policy Research Working Paper 7765. 
  13. ↑ Vietnam: Achieving Success as a Middle-income Country. World Bank. Retrieved on April 26, 2013.
  14. ↑ Programme 135 - Sharing lessons on poverty reduction and development schemes for ethnic minorities in Vietnam. United Nations. Retrieved on March 6, 2012.
  15. ↑ 2014 Global Hunger Index Map. International Food Policy Research Institute. Retrieved on March 20, 2015.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Poverty Reduction in Vietnam: Achievements and Challenges. World Bank (March 2011). Retrieved on March 6, 2012.
  17. ↑ Bank loans help ethnic minority in Nghệ An escape poverty (en). vietnamnews.vn. Retrieved on 2021-12-14.
  18. ↑ Businesses, government abet migration, but Vietnam's 'container people' bear the risk (en). Radio Free Asia. Retrieved on 2021-12-16.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Ngo (2019). "Reducing rural poverty in Vietnam: issues, policies, challenges". 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Anh (December 14, 2021). Just 58 percent of Vietnamese children graduate from high school.
  21. ↑ Home (en). www.oecd-ilibrary.org. Retrieved on 2021-12-16.
  22. ↑ Asian Development Bank. (2016, April). Basic Statistics 2016. Retrieved 21, November 2016, from https://www.adb.org/publications/basic-statistics-2016
  23. ↑ Poverty Data: Viet Nam. Asian Development Bank (April 2020). Retrieved on July 12, 2020.
  24. ↑ Population living in slums (% of urban population) - Vietnam | Data. data.worldbank.org. Retrieved on 2022-02-18.
  25. ↑ Vietnam Poverty Analysis. Australian Government (May 9, 2002). Retrieved on April 21, 2019.
  26. ↑ Vietnam Suicide Rate 2000-2021. www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved on 2021-12-21.
  27. ↑ Thanh (2009). "Suicide prevention in Vietnam", Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention (in en-US). Oxford University Press, 779–780. DOI:10.1093/med/9780198570059.003.0112. ISBN 978-0-19-964046-1. 
  28. ↑ Vietnam | Sexual Violence Research Initiative (en). www.svri.org. Retrieved on 2021-12-21.
  29. ↑ HUONG (2006). "Rape in Vietnam from Socio-Cultural and Historical Perspectives". Journal of Asian History 40 (2): 185–206. ISSN 0021-910X. 
  30. ↑ Opinion: South Korea must recognise allegations of sexual violence in Vietnam (en). The Independent (2021-02-28). Retrieved on 2021-12-21.
  31. ↑ Vietnam: Nearly half of female garment workers experience violence & sexual harassment; Study finds link to brands' purchasing practices (en). Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. Retrieved on 2021-12-21.
  32. ↑ Vietnam's US$9 fine for groping a woman sparks calls for tougher laws (en). South China Morning Post (2020-12-04). Retrieved on 2021-12-21.
  33. ↑ Laws not helping Vietnam's women and children (en). The ASEAN Post. Retrieved on 2021-12-21.
  34. ↑ Sexual Harassment Still Rampant In Vietnam (en). The ASEAN Post. Retrieved on 2021-12-21.
  35. ↑ Vietnam's Human Trafficking Problem Is Too Big to Ignore (en-US). thediplomat.com. Retrieved on 2021-12-21.
  36. ↑ Dang. "A bird's-eye view of the private tutoring phenomenon in Vietnam". International Institute for Asian Studies 2011. 

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