Ịgụ ihe n'ụzọ dị nwayọ
Ọgụgụ dị nwayọọ bụ ụma na-ebelata ọsọ nke ịgụ ihe, nke a na-eme iji nwekwuo nghọta ma ọ bụ obi ụtọ. Echiche a dị ka ọ sitere na ọmụmụ nke nkà ihe ọmụma na akwụkwọ a usoro iji ghọta nke ọma ma nwee ekele maka ederede dị mgbagwoju anya.
Ọgụgụ dị nwayọọ bụ ụma na-ebelata ọsọ nke ịgụ ihe, nke a na-eme iji nwekwuo nghọta ma ọ bụ obi ụtọ. Echiche a dị ka ọ sitere na ọmụmụ nke nkà ihe ọmụma na akwụkwọ a usoro iji ghọta nke ọma ma nwee ekele maka ederede dị mgbagwoju anya.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, enwere mmasị dị ukwuu n'ịgụ ihe n'ụzọ dị nwayọ n'ihi mmegharị nwayọ na ilekwasị anya na ibelata ọsọ nke ndụ nke oge a. [citation needed]
Okwu ndị metụtara ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-akpọ iji nwayọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na nkatọ akwụkwọ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ịgụ ihe. Ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ okwu ahụ, "agụ nke miri emi".[1]
A na-eji nwayọ na-agụ ihe dị iche na ọsọ na-agụ nke na-agụnye usoro iji mụbaa ọnụego ịgụ ihe na-emetụta nghọta na-adịghị mma, ma na-emegide ya na-enweghị skimming nke na-eji akara ngosi anya iji mụbaa ọsọ ọgụgụ. [citation needed]
Nkà ihe ọmụma na akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe mbụ e zoro aka na ịgụ ihe n'ụzọ dị nwayọ yiri ka ọ dị n'okwu mmalite nke Nietzsche na 1887 Daybreak: "Ọ bụghị ihe ọ bụla na mmadụ bụ onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ, ikekwe otu onye ka bụ onye ọkà okwu, ya bụ, onye nkuzi nke ịgụ ihe n"[2][3]
Birkerts, n'akwụkwọ ya The Gutenberg Elegies, kwuru "Ịgụ, n'ihi na anyị na-achịkwa ya, nwere ike ime mgbanwe na mkpa na rhythms anyị. Anyị nweere onwe anyị itinye aka na njikọ anyị; okwu m na-ede maka nke a bụ ịgụ ihe miri emi: iji nwayọ ma na-atụgharị uche n'inwe akwụkwọ. " Pullman kwughachiri ike na njikwa onwe onye na ọsọ nke ịgụ ihe, onye na-ekwukwa na ịchịkwa ọsọ nke ịgụ akwụkwọ bụ ụdị nnwere onwe onye, ma na-azụlite ekele maka ọchịchị onye. [1][4]Postman kwuru echiche yiri nke ahụ, onye kwuru na ọdịdị nke nwa amaala nkịtị nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, uche nke nwere ike ige ntị ọtụtụ awa na njedebe na okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ederede ọdịbendị kwadoro. Postman na-adọ aka ná ntị na ịgụ akwụkwọ dị mkpa maka ịzụlite echiche ezi uche na ọgụgụ isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[5]
Lindsay Waters, onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ maka Humanities na Harvard University Press, kwupụtara nsogbu ọgụgụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na mmeghachi omume anyị zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmepụta ihe. Ọ na-ekwusi ike na ụmụaka na-amụta ịgụ ihe ngwa ngwa, na-ahapụ phonetics na eserese ahịrịokwu, ma kwubie na ụmụaka ndị a agaghị eto ịgụ Milton. Ọ na-ahụ njedebe nke mmemme akwụkwọ Bekee gụsịrị akwụkwọ. "E nwere ihe yiri nke ahụ n'etiti usoro ịgụ ihe nke na-elekwasị anya na nkọwa ala nke akụkọ dị na akwụkwọ akụkọ na nkwenye akụ na ụba na akara ala nke na-eme ka ndị na-emepụta ụgbọala mee ka usoro mgbakọ dị ngwa. "Ọ dụrụ ndị na-emezi oge n'ịgụ ihe: "Ihe dị mkpa bụ ime ka ihe niile dị ngwa, mana enwere ike ịnwe uru n'ime ka ihe dị nwayọ. "Gịnị mere na ndị mmadụ anaghị egbu oge ịgụ ihe?"[6]
Ịgagharị nwayọọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Carl Honoré, onye na-akwado nwayọ na-aga, na-atụle ịgụ nwayọ n'akwụkwọ ya In Praise of Slow . [7]Ọ na-atụ aro ka ịgụ akwụkwọ dị nwayọ dị ka otu n'ime ọtụtụ omume iji belata ọsọ ọsọ nke ndụ nke oge a. [8]Laura Casey na-ekwu na mmụba nke teknụzụ nkwurịta okwu ozugbo, dị ka ozi ederede na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta dị ka Facebook na Twitter, nwere ike inye aka na mbelata nke ịgụ akwụkwọ.[9]
N'afọ 2008, onye edemede I. Alexander Olchowski guzobere Slow Book Movement iji kwado omume ịgụ ihe metụtara mmegharị nwayọ, gụnyere ịgụ ihe dị mfe na ọsọ dị jụụ maka ntụrụndụ, ịgụ ihe dị mgbagwoju anya nke nta nke nta maka nghọta, ịgụ ihe ndị na-amasị ndị edemede mpaghara, na iwu obodo gburugburu ọbá akwụkwọ mpaghara na ihe omume ịgụ ihe.
Nnyocha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere nyocha dị ukwuu banyere ịgụ nwayọ n'amaghị ama, nke nwere ike ibilite site na enweghị nghọta ma bụrụ ihe na-egosi dyslexia, enwere ọmụmụ ole na ole nke na-egosi uru dị mma nke ịgụ nwayọ. [10]Nell (1988) gosipụtara na enwere mgbanwe dị ukwuu n'oge ọgụgụ okike, ebe a na-agụkarị peeji ndị a na-ahụkarị ngwa ngwa. [11]Sherry Jr. na Schouten (2002) tụrụ aro na ọgụgụ dị nso nwere ike ịnwe ngwa ahịa dị ka usoro nyocha maka iji uri na ahịa. [12]Ndị na-akwado ịgụ ngwa ngwa na-ekwu na subvocalization na-ebelata ọsọ nke ịgụ, mana nyocha nke Carver ahụghị mmetụta ọjọọ ọzọ a na-ahụ anya na usoro ịgụ ihe, ma chọpụta na ọsọ dị nwayọ yiri ka ọ na-eme ka nghọta dịkwuo mma.[13][14]
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ịgụ Ihe n'ụzọ dị nwayọ. Los Angeles, CA: Litwin Books.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nkà nke Ịgụ Ihe n'ụzọ Na-adịghị Agwụ Agwụ: Omume Isii A Na-asọpụrụ Oge Maka Mmekọrịta. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Educational Books.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Otu esi agụ nwayọ. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ịgụ ihe n'ụzọ dị nso
- Ịgụ (usoro)
- Ịgụ ihe n'ụzọ dị ngwa
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Birkerts, Sven. (1994). The Gutenberg Elegies: The Fate of Reading in an Electronic Age. Boston: Faber and Faber. Selected passages, Open Book Systems]
- ↑ Friedrich Nietzsche, (1887) Morgenro:te: Gedanken u:ber die moralischen Vorurteile (1881). "Man ist nicht umsonst Philologe gewesen, man ist es vielleicht noch, das will sagen, ein Lehrer des langsamen Lesens: - endlich schreibt man auch langsam."
- ↑ Nietzsche, Friedrich (1887)Daybreak: Thoughts on the Prejudices of Morality. 2nd Edition.
- ↑ Pullman, P. (2004). The War on Words. Guardian Review, November 6, 2004. On-line
- ↑ Postman, Neil (1985). Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. NY: Penguin.
- ↑ Waters, Lindsay (2007), Time for Reading, Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(23). On-line (subscription required)
- ↑ Honore (2009-06-12). In Praise of Slow: How a Worldwide Movement Is Challenging the Cult of Speed (in en). Knopf Canada. ISBN 978-0-307-37351-9.
- ↑ Jennings, Lane (2005). Slow Is Beautiful: Living as If Life Really Mattered. Futurist, 39(2) (Mar/Apr 2005): p. 12-13.
- ↑ Casey, Laura (January 5, 2011). Is deep reading in trouble?Contra Costa Times.
- ↑ Wimmer, Heinz (1996). "The Early Manifestation of Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence from German children". Reading and Writing, 8(2).
- ↑ Nell, V. (1988). The Psychology of Reading for Pleasure: Needs and Gratifications. Reading Research Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 1 (Winter, 1988), pp. 6-50.
- ↑ Sherry, John F, Jr. and Schouten John W. (2002). A Role for Poetry in Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(2), 218-234.
- ↑ Bremer (2016-01-20). The Manual: A Guide to the Ultimate Study Method, 2, Fons Sapientiae Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9934964-0-0.
- ↑ Carver, Ronald, P. (1990). Reading Rate: A Review of Research and Theory. San Diego: Academic Press.