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Ịhazi ihe mkpofu

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Ngwongwo imegharị ihe na Singapore
Ụdị ihe mkpofu akwụkwọ ntuziaka maka imegharị ihe
Na-ekpochapụ arịa mkpofu kewapụrụ iche na obodo Polish nwere ọkara Tomaszów Mazowiecki

Nhazi mkpofu bụ usoro a na-esi na-ekewapụ ihe mkpofu n'ime ihe dị iche iche.  [1] Enwere ike iji aka mee nhazi ihe mkpọfu n'iche wee nakọta ya site na ebe nchịkọta ozi, ma ọ bụ kewapụ ya na-akpa aka n'ime ụzọ mgbake ma ọ bụ usoro nje .  Nhazi aka bụ ụzọ mbụ ejiri mee ihe n'ụzọ ihe mere eme nke nhazi ihe mkpofu.  [2] Enwere ike ike ihe mkpofu na saịtị ihe eji eji ndụ aka .

Nkewa ihe mkpofu bụ nkewa nke mkpofu n'ime nkụ na mmiri.  Ihe mkpofu akọrọ osisi osisi na ndị yiri ya, ọla na iko.  Ikpofu mmiri mmiri na-ezokarị aka na mkpọfu organic na-emekarị site na ụlọ oriri na six ma dị arọ n'ihi iru mmiri.  Saịtị na nkewa, ụdị mkpọfu ọla na-abanye n'ụdị ya n'ebe a na-ekpofu ma ọ bụ na-achịkọta, mana nhazi na-eme mgbe a hụrụ ma ọ bụ nchịkọta.  Nkewa nke ihe mkpofu na-eme ka ihe dị ọcha dị mma.  Nhazi n'aka nke ọzọ ga-emecha njikere ihe ọcha na-adị adị mma.

Ụbọchị ndị a, ndị na-eke ihe mkpofu akpaka na-ewu ewu ma ejirila ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ akụkụ ụwa dịka Australia .

Ụzọ

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Ebe a na-emegharị ihe na Gdańsk University of Technology

A na-anakọta ihe mkpofu na isi iyi ya na mpaghara ọ bụla wee kewaa. Ụzọ e si ahazi ihe mkpofu ga-egosipụtarịrị usoro mkpofu mpaghara. Ndị a na-ahụkarị:

  • Akwụkwọ
  • kaadiboodu (gụnyere nkwakọ ngwaahịa maka nloghachi na ndị na-ebubata ya)
  • Glass (doro anya, tinted-enweghị bọlbụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ pane windo, nke nwere ihe mkpofu)
  • Plastics
  • Akwa akwa
  • Osisi, akpụkpọ anụ, rọba
  • Ígwè ewepụghị
  • Compost
  • Ihe mkpofu pụrụ iche/ dị ize ndụ
  • Ihe mkpofu

Enwere ike kewapụ ihe mkpofu ahịhịa maka mkpofu:

  • Enwere ike ikpokọta nri nke fọdụrụ na anụ ahụ ọ bụla iji gbochie mgbasa nke nje bacteria.
    • Ndị na-ahụ maka mkpofu anụmanụ nwere ike iweghachite anụ na ọkpụkpụ.
    • Ọ bụrụ na a na-ezigara ndị ọrụ ugbo obodo ihe ndị ọzọ fọdụrụnụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi tupu e nye ha anụmanụ nri.
  • Enwere ike ichikota peels na mkpochapụ sitere na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri yana ihe ndị ọzọ na-emebi emebi. Enwere ike itinye ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ maka ịkwakọ ahịhịa, dị ka osisi ndị a kpụrụ akpụ, kọlịflawa, ahịhịa kọfị, mkpụrụ osisi na-ere ere, akpa tii, akwa akwa na mkpirisi, na akwa nhicha akwụkwọ.

Usoro maka nhazi akpaaka

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Akpaaka nke usoro nhazi mkpofu siri ike nke ime obodo bụ mpaghara nyocha na-arụsi ọrụ ike. [1] Usoro ndị ama ama maka nhazi akpaaka gụnyere:

  • Standardization nke ngwaahịa, karịsịa nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa [2] [3] </link> nke a na-ejikarị ihe dị iche iche mejupụtara, ọkachasị ihe siri ike ma ọ bụ ugbu a agaghị ekwe omume ikewa ma ọ bụ megharịa ọnụ n'ụzọ akpaaka. [4]
    • Iwu metụtara nrụgharịgharị, njikwa mkpofu, akụrụngwa mgbake ụlọ, ihe mejupụtara ngwaahịa, biodegradability na mgbochi nke mbubata / mbupụ nke mkpofu ụfọdụ.
      • Kemgbe gburugburu 2017, China, [5] Turkey, [6] Malaysia, [7] Cambodia, [8] na Thailand [9] amachibidoro ibubata ihe mkpofu. Atụwo aro na mmachibido iwu ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbawanye akpaaka [10] na imegharị ihe, na-ebelata mmetụta ọjọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi. [11]
  • Nhazi ngwa anya
    • Nhazi onyonyo dabere na Spectral [1]
      • Usoro ndị na-eji ihe ngosi hyperspectral na algọridim emepụtara site na mmụta igwe [12] [13] [14]
    • Na nso spectroscopy infrared [15] [16]
    • Nhazi dabeere na X-ray [1]
    • spectroscopy mmebi nke laser kpatara [1]
  • Nhazi Eddy ugbu a [1]

Site na obodo

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Akpa akparamagwa maka imegharị ihe na Portovenere, Italy

Na Jamanị, e nwere ebu na-enye oke mkpa maka nhazi mkpofu ihe mkpofu na ihe eji eji ihe dịka karama iko.. [17]

Na Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, a na-arụ ọrụ pilot na-eji igwe na-anakọta akpaaka nke karama plastik ma ọ bụ nke aluminom nwewere onye vouche ka etinyere n'ahịa.. [18]

N'India, Open mepere Swachh Bharat Mission ("Clean India Mission") na 2014, mbọ mkpocha nke mba niile.  Tupu mbọ a siri ike nke mba a maka nhazi usoro na mkpokọta mkpọ mkpọ n'uche, ọtụtụ obodo na obodo dị na India mfelarị onye ọlụ na-eduzi na mkpọfu mkpọfu nke obodo, dabere na mgbake ụmụ amaala na/ma ọ bụ  mbọ obodo iji guzobe ihe ga-adigide.  usoro [19]

Na Ukraine, ndị mmadụ na-amụta ịhazi ihe mkpofu. A na-ahazi ihe mkpofu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara na Khmelnitsky. [20] [21]

Na United States, ndị ọrụ Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na-akọ na ụzọ maka ịmegharị ihe mkpọfu ghị na-aga n'ihu na-eche ihe mkpofu. . [22]

N'Australia, ewebatala Smart Bins ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu njikwa mkpofu nke obodo ahụ chere ihu. Ngwa smart bin nke AI kwadoro iji kewapụta ihe eji emegharị naanị ya. Ndị ọkachamara na-ekwukwa na igwe nwere ọgụgụ isi dị ka nke a nwekwara ike ịbawanye ọnụego mgbake n'efu na mba ahụ ma nyere aka mepụta ngwaahịa nwere ike ịmegharị nke ọma nke ga-agbakwunye na GDP Australia.

Gburugburu ụwa

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N'ihe gbasara nhazi ihe mkpofu rọba na ime ihe, e mere na 9% nke ihe mkpofu rọba dị ike 6.3 e mere akwụkwọ site na 1950 ruo 2018 ka eme na 12% ọzọ ka akpọkwara ọkụ ebe ndị ọzọ kwuru na a “ tụfuru  ya na ebe a na-ekpofu mgba ma ọ bụ ihe okike.  gburugburu". [23]

Hụkwa

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Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Gundupalli (1 February 2017). "A review on automated sorting of source-separated municipal solid waste for recycling" (in en). Waste Management 60: 56–74. DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.015. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 27663707.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.015" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Qureshi (1 November 2020). "Pyrolysis of plastic waste: Opportunities and challenges" (in en). Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 152: 104804. DOI:10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104804. ISSN 0165-2370. 
  3. ↑ Zorpas (1 April 2016). "Sustainable waste management through end-of-waste criteria development" (in en). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23 (8): 7376–7389. DOI:10.1007/s11356-015-5990-5. ISSN 1614-7499. PMID 26690583. 
  4. ↑ Ulrich. "Plastikmüll und Recycling: Acht Mythen und Irrtümer", DIE WELT, 6 November 2019. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in de)
  5. ↑ Brooks (June 2018). "The Chinese import ban and its impact on global plastic waste trade" (in EN). Science Advances 4 (6): eaat0131. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aat0131. PMID 29938223. 
  6. ↑ "Turkey to ban plastic waste imports", The Guardian, 19 May 2021. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in en)
  7. ↑ Lee. "Malaysia, following in China's footsteps, bans imports of plastic waste", CNBC, 25 January 2019. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in en)
  8. ↑ "Cambodia probes Chinese firm over illegal waste imports", Reuters, 19 July 2019. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in en)
  9. ↑ "Thailand to ban imports of high-tech trash, plastic waste", Reuters, 16 August 2018. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in en)
  10. ↑ Green. "Recyclers turn to AI robots after waste import bans", Financial Times, 1 July 2020. Retrieved on 26 January 2022.
  11. ↑ "'Waste colonialism': world grapples with west's unwanted plastic", The Guardian, 31 December 2021. Retrieved on 26 January 2022. (in en)
  12. ↑ "Breakthrough in separating plastic waste: Machines can now distinguish 12 different types of plastic", Aarhus University. Retrieved on 19 January 2022. (in en)
  13. ↑ Henriksen (1 January 2022). "Plastic classification via in-line hyperspectral camera analysis and unsupervised machine learning" (in en). Vibrational Spectroscopy 118: 103329. DOI:10.1016/j.vibspec.2021.103329. ISSN 0924-2031. 
  14. ↑ Karaca (June 2013). "Automatic waste sorting using shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging system", 2013 5th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS), 1–4. DOI:10.1109/WHISPERS.2013.8080744. ISBN 978-1-5090-1119-3. 
  15. ↑ Optical sorting technology for textile waste – Development of an identification method with NIR spectroscopy (2017).
  16. ↑ Zhu (1 April 2019). "Plastic solid waste identification system based on near infrared spectroscopy in combination with support vector machine" (in en). Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research 2 (2): 77–81. DOI:10.1016/j.aiepr.2019.04.001. ISSN 2542-5048. 
  17. ↑ Germany, Garbage and the Green Dot: Challenging a Throwaway Society - Bette K. Fishbein. pp. 16-17.
  18. ↑ Satu-satunya di Indonesia, Mesin Sampah Keluarkan Voucher ada di Denpasar (July 31, 2015).
  19. ↑ Reddy (2021). "Waste Management in India – An Overview" (in English). United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 02 (7): 175–196. ISSN 2582-6832. 
  20. ↑ Хмельничан навчатимуть, як сортувати вдома сміття (uk). khmelnytskyi.name (24 November 2020). Retrieved on 2020-11-30.
  21. ↑ Ecobin
  22. ↑ OLEM (2019-04-17). The U.S. Recycling System (en). US EPA. Retrieved on 2022-01-09.
  23. ↑ News (September 13, 2022). Australia introduces smart bins as a solution for waste management | Latest News | WION. Youtube.com. Retrieved on November 3, 2023.

Njikọ mpụga

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  • Media related to Waste sorting at Wikimedia Commons
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