Ịmụ naanị ya
Ịmụ naanị ya bụ ọnọdụ a na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụmụ nwanyị na-amalite na izu okè pụrụ iweta nkasi obi site ụmụ naanị ha.[1] Ịmụ naanị ya anaghị eme atụmatụ ma si otú a dị iche na ịmụ nwa na-enweghị enyemaka.
Carla Emery nyere ntuziaka maka ịmụ naanị "ụmụaka ọhịa" na Encyclopedia of Country Living. Ntuziaka dị mkpa sitere na ngalaba "Ịmụ site n'onwe gị" gụnyere ịghara ịdọrọ eriri umbilical ma mee ka ọ dị ọcha site na imi na ọnụ nwa agbọghọ nwere ike ịbelata ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke ụwa họrọ ọrụ ụzọ ndị na ụdị nke na adịghị anya ndị pụtara mmụọ ahụ.[2] Ọtụtụ ndị amụrụ n'amaghị ama tupu ha abịarute (BBA) n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ na-amụ nwa n'ụgbọ ala bụ ọmụmụ naanị ha.[3] Ọmụmụ ndị a na-abụkarị nke abụọ ma ọ bụ nke atọ ma ọ bụ karịa.[3]
Ịmụ naanị ya bụ omenala nke !Ndị Kung; ọmụmụ naanị n'etiti iri abụo nke ụwa họrọ ọrụ nkụzi afọ okuku n'oge ochie nakwa n'oge kwesịrị !Kung na-egosipụta obi ike ụmụ nwanyị. N'omume, ndị ikwu nwanyị na-enyere primigravidas aka mana multigravidas na-ejikarị usoro ọmụmụ niile naanị ya (na n'emeghị mkpọtụ) n'ime ọhịa.[4] Ụmụ nwanyị Bariba na Benin na-amụkwa naanị ha.[5] Ndị Rarámuri nke ugwu Mexico abụwo ndị a na-elekwasị anya na mbọ ahụike ọha na eze na-eme iji belata ọnwụ nne site n'ịgba ndị na-elekọta ọmụmụ ume.[6]
A na-eche na ojiji a na-ejikarị ndị na-amụ nwa ma ọ bụ ndị na-enyere ha aka ịmụ nwa n'omenala mmadụ ka ọ malitere na "reorientation pelvic metụtara bipedalism" ma mee ka ọ sikwuo ike site na "encephalization a hụrụ na ụdị Homo".[7] Ụmụ mmadụ nwere ike ịmalite ịmụ nwa dị ka ihe na-akwado ọdịbendị na ịmụ nwa n'ihi ọnọdụ occiput nke ụmụ ọhụrụ na-apụta site na akụkụ ahụ nwanyị, n'ihi na ụmụ ọhụrụ mmadụ bụ ndị ọzọ, na maka ihe ndị metụtara mmekọrịta mmadu di megide okike ime ihe ike ịbelata ọtụtụ ndị na eme Ìhè ahụ n'ebe nile site n'ime Anyị mụtara n'aka Onye Okike nke eluigwe na ụwa họrọ site na afo nwela onwa iri na abụọ ahụ na ibe ya.[1] Otú ọ dị, nnyocha nyocha nke afọ 2018 chọpụtara na bonobos na-egosipụtakwa omume "mmekọahụ" ma kwuo na omume ahụ nwere njikọ na ọkwa primate "ikike nke ụmụ nwanyị na-enweghị njikọ iji mepụta njikọ mmekọrịta siri ike ma rụkọọ ọrụ ọnụ".[8]
Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Nsogbu Na-agbagwoju Anya
Ntụaka[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Sociality of Birth and the Prevalence of Obligate Midwifery. Ebrary. Retrieved on 2023-04-15. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Emery (2019). The encyclopedia of country living, 50th anniversary. ISBN 978-1-63217-289-1. OCLC 1097577213.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Unexpected births in cars and bathrooms: Why some babies are born before arrival at hospital - ABC News (en-AU). amp.abc.net.au. Retrieved on 2023-04-15.
- ↑ Konner (1987). "Timing and Management of Birth among the !Kung: Biocultural Interaction in Reproductive Adaptation". Cultural Anthropology 2 (1): 11–28. DOI:10.1525/can.1987.2.1.02a00030. ISSN 0886-7356.
- ↑ OLENJA (1998). "The Role of Men in Birthing and Postpartum Care". Cambridge Anthropology 20 (1/2): 136–145. ISSN 0305-7674.
- ↑ Chopel (2014-05-04). "Reproductive health in indigenous Chihuahua: giving birth 'alone like the goat'" (in en). Ethnicity & Health 19 (3): 270–296. DOI:10.1080/13557858.2013.771150. ISSN 1355-7858. PMID 23444879.
- ↑ Evolution and Childbirth: An Evaluation of Obstetrical Practices from an Evolutionary Perspective Caitlin Garland (Department of Anthropology, University of Florida), https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/AA/00/06/02/70/00001/caitlinegarland-Thesis-finaldraft.pdf
- ↑ Demuru (September 2018). "Is birth attendance a uniquely human feature? New evidence suggests that Bonobo females protect and support the parturient" (in en). Evolution and Human Behavior 39 (5): 502–510. DOI:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.05.003.