Ịzụ anụ na-agbagharị agbagharị
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Grazing%2C_rotational.svg/220px-Grazing%2C_rotational.svg.png)
N'ọrụ ugbo, ịta nri na-agbanwe agbanwe, n'adịghị ka ịta nri na-aga n'ihu, na-akọwa ọtụtụ usoro nke ịta nri, ebe a na-ebuga anụ ụlọ n'akụkụ ebe ịta nri, nke a na-akpọ padocks, ebe akụkụ ndị ọzọ zuru ike.[1]. Nkịta ọ bụla ga-enyerịrị mkpa anụ ụlọ niile dị ka nri, mmiri na mgbe ụfọdụ ndo na ebe obibi. Usoro a na-ebutekarị mpụta dị ala karịa ọrụ ugbo anụmanụ siri ike, mana ọ chọrọ ntinye dị ala, ya mere mgbe ụfọdụ na-ewepụta ego efu dị elu maka anụmanụ ọ bụla.
Ụzọ e si eme ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/NRCSMO02014_-_Missouri_%284753%29%28NRCS_Photo_Gallery%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-NRCSMO02014_-_Missouri_%284753%29%28NRCS_Photo_Gallery%29.tif.jpg)
N'ime anụ ụlọ na-ata ahịhịa, a na-ebugharị anụ ụlọ gaa n'akụkụ ebe ịta ahịhịhịa ahụ, nke a na-akpọ paddocks, ebe akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-ezu ike. Ebumnuche ya bụ ikwe ka ahịhịa na oge ala gbakee.[1]
Ịgwọ ala ịta ahịhịa nwere ike ịchọ ngwakọta nke ọkụ na ịta ahịa na-agbanwe agbanwe.[2][3]
Enwere ike iji ahịhịa na-ata ahịhịa dịka ehi, atụrụ ma ọ bụ ewu; A pụkwara iji ndị na-abụghị ruminants dị ka ezi. Ụmụ ehi na-ata otu akụkụ nke ahịhịa, ma ọ bụ padock, ebe ha na-ekwe ka ndị ọzọ gbakee. Ogologo oge a na-ata nri ga-adabere n'ụdị anụ ụlọ na nha nke paddock na ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi. Ala izu ike na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ nwee ike itolite.[6] Ịta nri n'usoro na-adị irè karịsịa n'ihi na ndị na-azụ anụ na-eme nke ọma karịa n'osisi ndị dị nro karị. Usoro ndị a nwere ike ma ọ bụ ghara ịhapụ nje ndị nje n'azụ ka ha nwụọ, na-ebelata ma ọ bụ wepụ mkpa nke de-wormers, dabere ma ọ bụrụ na oge ntụgharị dị ntakịrị ma ọ bụ buru ibu karịa usoro ndụ parasitic.
Uru
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Uru ahụike anụ ụlọ na-esite n'anụmanụ na-enweta ma ohere ma ikuku dị ọhụrụ. Nnwere onwe nke ijegharị n'ime paddock na-eme ka ahụ dịkwuo mma, nke na-egbochi ikike nke mmerụ ahụ na abrasion, na mgbe ụfọdụ dabere na usoro ahụ na-ebelata ikike nke ikpughe n'ọtụtụ dị elu nke ọrịa na-emerụ ahụ na-akpata microorganisms na ụmụ ahụhụ.
N'ime ọrụ nri anụ ụlọ gbadoro anya, ọ bụ ihe dị mma maka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke anụmanụ na-anọgide na-anọ obere mpaghara. N'iji ya tụnyere, site n'ịta nri a na-achịkwa, ụmụ anụmanụ na-enwe ike ibi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụmụ anụmanụ na-enwe obere ọrịa na ọrịa ụkwụ ole na ole, dabere na usoro ntụgharị a na-eji.
Ịta nri ngbanwe a na-achịkwa bụ isi ihe na-eme ka usoro ọrụ ugbo na-emegharị ahụ, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nzaghachi nzaghachi mgbe niile.[7] A na-ekwu na ịhịa aka n'ahụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na gburugburu ebe obibi n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. Ọtụtụ ebe ịta nri na-eme ụfọdụ ụdị ịhịa aka n'ahụ na-adịchaghị mfe maka mbuze nke ala. Paddocks nwere ike ịchọ ntinye ole na ole. A na-ekwu na oge ụfọdụ usoro ịhịa anụ ndị a na-adịwanye ike ma nwee ike ịzaghachi ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbanwe.[8] Ịta nri n'ọkpụkpụ nwere ike ibelata ikuku ikuku ikuku dị ka carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, na methane.[9] Otu nnyocha na-eleba anya n'ọgụ imecha tụrụ aro na ịhịa aka n'ahụ multi-paddock nwere ike ịkpata ụgbụ carbon sink.[10] Agbanyeghị, ndị na-ede akwụkwọ a dọọla aka na ntị na nsonaazụ ya nwere oke n'ihi na ha na-elele naanị otu ọkwa nke usoro nnwale. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ achọpụtawokwa na ụfọdụ ala nwere ike ị nweta oke ma ọ bụ karịa na-enweghị nri ọ bụla.[4]
Nsogbu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Otu isi ihe dị na ụdị ịzụ anụmanụ a bụ na ebe ọ bụla a na-ata nri ga-enwerịrị ihe niile achọrọ maka anụmanụ (isi iyi mmiri, dịka ọmụmaatụ) ma ọ bụ nri ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri ga-ebugharị oge ọ bụla a na-akwagharị anụmanụ ahụ. Inwe ebe a na-eri nri ma ọ bụ ebe a na-enye mmiri nwere ike imeri akụkụ ntụgharị, na-eduga na mmebi nke ala gburugburu mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe oriri ma ọ bụrụ na e nyere ụmụ anụmanụ nri ọzọ. A ga-akpachapụ anya pụrụ iche iji hụ na ebe a na-eji ihe dị elu aghọghị ebe a na-agbasa ma ọ bụ na-agwa ndị mmadụ okwu.[5]
Ọtụtụ nsogbu metụtara ndò n'ebe ịta nri. Ọ bụ ezie na onyinyo na-enye enyemaka site na okpomọkụ ma belata ihe ize ndụ nke nrụgide okpomọkụ, ụmụ anụmanụ na-agbakọta n'ebe ndị a nke na-eduga na ntinye nri, ịta nri na-adịghị mma, na mbuze ala.
Ruminal tympany, nke a makwaara dị ka afọ ntachi, bụ nsogbu siri ike mgbe anụ ọhịa na-ata nri na ahịhịa ọhụrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na a naghị agwọ ya nwere ike ịnwụ. Nsogbu a na-eme mgbe ehi na-agbaze ụfụfụ na-emepụta ogige n'ime osisi, na-eme ka ụfụfụ na-etolite n'ime anụ anụmanụ ma ghara ikwe ka anụmanụ na-agbanye gas nke ọma.[2][14]. Anụmanụ na-enwekarị ike ịfụ ụfụ ma ọ bụrụ na a na-akwaga ha n'ebe ịta nri ọhụrụ mgbe agụụ na-agụ ha karịsịa na ndị na-eto eto, nke ọhụrụ na nke dị mmiri mmiri. Ya mere ọ dị mkpa ijide n'aka na ìgwè ehi na-eri nri nke ọma na njedebe nke ntụgharị mgbe nri nri ga-adị ụkọ karị, na-egbochi ikike ụmụ anụmanụ nwere ike ịkwanye onwe ha mgbe ha tụgharịrị na paddocks ọhụrụ. Enwere ike ibelata ihe ize ndụ nke bloat site na iji nlezianya na-elekọta ntụgharị, na-amịpụta ụdị legume Europe na-adịghị agba agba Lotus corniculatus na ala ịta ahịhịa, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ahịhịa / ịba ụba ahịhịa, na-enye nri mgbakwunye zuru oke na nri ọzọ mgbe ọ na-atụgharị na paddocks ọhụrụ, na-ebelata. Oke paddock mgbe a na-atụgharị anụ ụlọ na mbụ, na nri kwa ụbọchị nke onye na-egbochi ụfụfụ poloxalene na-agwakọta nke ọma n'ime nri nri.[1]
Nchịkwa ahịhịa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Sistemụ ịta nri a na-achịkwa nke ọma nwere nguzobe ahịhịa dị ala n'ihi na ọtụtụ niche ejupụtalarị n'ụdị nri a na-achị achị, na-eme ka ọ na-esiri ahịhịa ike ịsọ mpi wee guzobe.[13]. Iji ọtụtụ ụdị na ebe ịta nri na-enyere aka ibelata ahihia. Osisi forage guzosiri ike na sistemụ ịta nri na-agbanwe agbanwe na-adị mma yana enweghị nchekasị n'ihi oge "izu ike", na-eme ka uru asọmpi nke nri nri na-abawanye. Na mgbakwunye, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mmepụta mkpụrụ ọka, ọtụtụ osisi ndị a ga-ewere dị ka ahịhịa anaghị enwe nsogbu na ịta ahịhịa. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ụdị dị ka ùkwù na ahịhịa ndị ọzọ dị iche iche, bụ ndị na-adịghị eri nri ma ọ bụ na-egbu egbu nye ndị na-ata nri. Ụdị ihe ọkụkụ ndị a agaghị eri anụ ma nwee ike mata ya n'ihi na ha jupụtara na usoro ịta ahịhịa.
Nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'ịchịkwa ahịhịa na usoro ịta ahịhịhịa ọ bụla bụ njirimara. Ozugbo a chọpụtara ụdị ndị a na-achọghị n'ime usoro ịta ahịhịa, enwere ike itinye usoro nchịkwa jikọtara ọnụ iji chịkwaa ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịhịhịa. Enweghị otu ụzọ maka njikwa ahịhịa ga-eme ka ahịhịhịa ghara ịta ahịhụ; ya mere, enwere ike ijikọta usoro nchịkwa ọdịbendị, igwe, na kemịkal dị iche iche na atụmatụ njikwa ahụhịa. Nchịkwa ọdịbendị gụnyere: izere ịgbasa nsị na-emetọ mkpụrụ ahịhịa, ịsacha ngwá ọrụ mgbe ị rụchara ọrụ n'ebe ahịhịhịa jupụtara, na ijikwa nsogbu ahịhịrị na fencerows na ebe ndị ọzọ dị nso n'ebe ịta nri. A pụkwara iji njikwa igwe mee ihe dị ka ịkpụchasị ugboro ugboro, ịkpụchasị, na ịkpụcha aka iji jikwaa ọrịa ahịhịa site n'ime ka osisi ahụ ghara ịdị ike. A ga-etinye usoro ndị a n'ọrụ mgbe a na-emechi okooko osisi ahịhịa ma ọ bụ na-amalite imeghe iji gbochie mmepụta mkpụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ụzọ abụọ mbụ a na-ebelata mkpa maka ọgwụ herbicides, nsogbu ahịhịa ka nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe usoro ịta ahịhịhịa na iji ọgwụ herbicide nwere ike ịdị mkpa. Ojiji nke herbicides nwere ike igbochi ojiji nke ahịhịa maka oge ụfọdụ, dabere na ụdị na ọnụọgụ nke kemịkal eji eme ihe. Ugboro ugboro, ahịhịa na usoro ịta ahịhịhịa dị iche iche, ya mere enwere ike iji ọgwụgwọ ahịhịrị mee ihe dị ka usoro dị ọnụ ala nke ịchịkwa kemịkal. [1]
Ọnụnọ nke ihe oriri na ala na-eme nri
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụrụ na a na-akụ ihe karịrị 40% legumes n'ime usoro ịta ahịhịa, nitrogen fatịlaịza azụmahịa adịghị mkpa maka uto osisi zuru oke.[6] Legumes nwere ike idozi nitrogen ikuku, si otú a na-enye nitrogen maka onwe ha na osisi ndị gbara ya gburugburu.
Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-azụ anụ na-ewepụ ihe na-edozi ahụ site na usoro ịta ahịhịa mgbe ha na-eri nri na isi nri, a na-eweghachi ihe na-etozi ahụ ìgwè atụrụ ahụ riri na usoro ịkpa anụ site na nsị. N'ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke anụmanụ kwa hekta, a ga-ekesa nsị n'otu n'otu gafee usoro ịta ahịhịa. Ihe na-edozi ahụ dị n'ime ebe nsị ndị a kwesịrị ezu iji gboo ihe ndị a chọrọ, na-eme ka fatịlaịza azụmahịa ghara ịdị mkpa. A na-ejikọkarị usoro ịta ahịhịa na mmụba nke Ala na-eme nri nke na-ebilite n'ihi na nsị bụ isi iyi bara ọgaranya nke Ihe ndị dị ndụ nke na-eme ka ahụike nke ala dịkwuo elu. Na mgbakwunye, usoro ịta ahịhịa ndị a anaghị enwe ike ịba n'ihi na ala ahụ nwere ala na-aga n'ihu n'afọ niile.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke fatịlaịza na-abanye n'ụzọ mmiri bụ nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara usoro ọrụ ugbo. Otú ọ dị, usoro ịta ahịhịa na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ nke na-apụ n'ugbo nke nwere ike ịkpata Mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-etinye usoro ndị a na isi mmalite nke ugbo, ọ naghịkwa enwe ike ịpụ mmiri ma e jiri ya tụnyere fatịlaịza azụmahịa. Tụkwasị na nke a, usoro ahụ anaghị enwe ike imeju ihe oriri gabigara ókè, yabụ a na-eji ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ihe oriri ndị a na-etinye n'ime usoro ahụ site na nsị eme ihe maka uto osisi.[7] Usoro ahịhịa na-adịgide adịgide nwekwara usoro mgbọrọgwụ nri miri emi, nke a kwadoro nke ọma nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'inweta ihe oriri site na profaịlụ ala.
Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Concentrated_Animal_Feeding_Operations_diagram.svg/220px-Concentrated_Animal_Feeding_Operations_diagram.svg.png)
Ọ bụ ezie na mmiri ara ehi na-adịkarị ala na usoro ntụgharị, ego a na-enweta n'ugbo maka ehi ọ bụla na-adịkarịghị ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọrụ mgbochi. Nke a bụ n'ihi ụgwọ ndị ọzọ metụtara ahụike ìgwè atụrụ na nri ndị a zụrụ na-ebelata nke ukwuu na usoro ịta nri na-agagharị agagharị. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-ejikọta mgbanwe gaa na ịta ahịhịa na-agbanwe agbanwe na ọnụahịa mmalite na mmezi dị ala. Ihe ọzọ a na-atụle bụ na ọ bụ ezie na mmepụta ehi ọ bụla dị obere, ọnụ ọgụgụ ehi ọ bụla n'ime acre n'ebe ịta nri nwere ike ịbawanye. Mmetụta ngụkọta bụ mmepụta ihe karịa kwa acre na ọnụ ala.
Ihe ndị bụ isi na-efu na mgbanwe ntụgharị ịta ahịhịa bụ ịzụta mgbidi, fencers, na ihe ndị na-enye mmiri.[8][9] Ọ bụrụ na a nọgidere na-ata ahịhịa n'oge gara aga, o yikarịrị ka etinyelarị ego na mgbidi na usoro onye na-agba égbè. A pụkwara ịchọpụta ego ndị na-azụ anụ na-efu mgbe mmadụ na-atụle na ọtụtụ n'ime ego ndị metụtara ọrụ anụ ụlọ na-agafe ndị na-ata anụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-azụ anụ na-ewepụta ihe oriri nke ha maka akụkụ nke afọ ebe ịta nri ga-ekwe omume. Nke a na-apụta na ọnụ ala maka mmepụta nri na owuwe ihe ubi, nke bụ mgbalị siri ike. Usoro ịta ahịhịa na-agbanwe agbanwe na-adabere na ndị na-ata ahịhịhịa iji mepụta ihe na-eme ka ahịhụ site na nsị ha. Enweghịkwa mkpa maka nchịkọta, nchekwa, njem, na itinye nsị, nke niile na-ejikwa mmanụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, iji fatịlaịza n'èzí na-enye aka na ọnụahịa ndị ọzọ dị ka ọrụ, ọnụahịa ịzụta.
Ịzụ anụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na-eme ka a chekwaa oge n'ihi na ọtụtụ ọrụ nke nwere ike ịchọ ọrụ mmadụ na-agafe n'ìgwè atụrụ ahụ.
Nkatọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị njikwa achọpụtala na usoro ịta ahịhịa na-agbagharị agbagharị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ maka ebumnuche nchịkwa dị iche iche, mana nnwale sayensị egosila na ụfọdụ usoro ịta nri na-agba gburugburu anaghị arụ ọrụ mgbe niile maka ebumnucha gburugburu ebe obibi.[10] Arụmụka a sitere na nnukwu ọdịiche abụọ dị na ntụgharị ịta ahịhịa, njikwa iwu na njikwa mgbanwe. Ọrụ nke usoro ịta ahịhịa na-egbochi n'otu aka ahụ site na ọtụtụ mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi na-egosi na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha dabere na ịdị irè nke ụdị njikwa ndị ahụ. Dabere na ihe nlereanya njikwa, e gosipụtara mmepụta osisi ka ọ hara nhata ma ọ bụ karịa na-aga n'ihu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịta ahịhịa na 87% nke nnwale.[11]
Ihe mkpali
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]United States
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na United States, a na-achọta ihe mkpali maka ọrụ ịta ahịhịa na-achịkwa n'ime Iwu Ugbo, ngwugwu omnibus nke iwu gọọmentị etiti gafere ihe dịka otu ugboro n'ime afọ ise ọ bụla. N'ime ngwugwu a, mmemme nchekwa dị ka Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) na Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) na-elekwasị anya n'inye nkwado ego na teknụzụ maka ala na-arụ ọrụ, dị ka ranches.[12]
A na-etinye ịta ahịhịa na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka usoro nchekwa ruru eru maka ego n'okpuru EQIP.[12] Ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ ga-enwerịrị atụmatụ ịta ahịhịa a kwadoro, nke ndị na-eme atụmatụ ịta nri a kwadoro ma kwado.[13] Omume ịta ahịhịa kachasị n'okpuru mmemme a bụ nhazi nchịkwa ịta ahụ na njirimara nke ihe ndị dị mkpa, ịta ahọhịa a tụrụ aro nke gụnyere ntụgharị anụmanụ na ezumike ịta ahịa, na ọgwụgwọ igwe iji melite ọnọdụ ala na osisi.[14][15][16]
N'ụzọ dị iche, CSP bu n'uche inye "ugbo dum" enyemaka ego na teknụzụ nye ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ejikọta ọrụ nchekwa dị mkpa na ntinye aka dị ukwuu.[12] Mgbasawanye ịta ahịhịa ruru eru maka ego CSP gụnyere:[17]
- Nchịkwa Nchịkọta Nchịkọta
- Ịtinye mgbidi eletrik na waya iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo mfe maka njikwa ịta ahịhịa
- Nchịkwa ịta ahịhịa nke na-eme ka mmiri dị mma ma ọ bụ na-echekwa mmiri, ebe obibi pollinator, ma ọ bụ anụ ọhịa
- Ịta ahịhịa nke na-echebe ebe ndị dị nro site na mbuze nke ndagwurugwu yana mmiri dị n'elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ala site na ihe oriri
- A haziri atụmatụ ịgba ọkụ maka nkesa ịta ahịhịa na ebe obibi anụ ọhịa
- Ịta ahịhịa iji belata ihe ize ndụ ọkụ n'oké ọhịa
- Nchịkwa ịta ahịhịa ka mma n'ebe ịta ahụhịa maka mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ na ahụike na ọrụ nlekota
- Idebe nri dị mma na ọnụ ọgụgụ maka ahụike anụmanụ na mmepụta ihe
Ihe omume ndị ọzọ nke Farm Bill nke nwere ike imetụta ihe na-akpali ịta nri: [12]
- Usoro Nchekwa Nchekwa (CRP)
- Usoro Nchebe Ọrụ Ugbo (ACEP)
- Nchịkọta Ala Ịta ahịhịa (GLCI)
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Mgbidi eletrik
- Ebe a na-anọghị n'efu
- Ọrụ ugbo
- Anụ ọkụkọ a na-azụ n'ebe a na-ata ahịhịa
- Nchịkwa Rangeland
- Nchekwa ala
- Ịgafe Ụmụ Mmadụ
- Ịrụ ụlọ
Ebem si dee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
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tag; no text was provided for refs namedPastProfit
- ↑ Rotational grazing for Pastured Livestock. Archived from the original on 2015-03-11. Retrieved on 2015-03-12.
- ↑ Managing Your Pasture: Small scale solutions for your farm. Archived from the original on 2022-01-28. Retrieved on 2018-03-21.
- ↑ Haspel. "Is carbon-neutral beef possible or a pipe dream? Soil may offer clues.", Washington Post, 2022-09-30. Retrieved on 2024-05-30. (in en-US)
- ↑ Grazing systems planning guide. Archived from the original on 2017-08-09. Retrieved on 2018-12-27.
- ↑ Berntsen (June 2006). "Nitrogen cycling in organic farming systems with rotational grass-clover and arable crops". Soil Use and Management 22 (2): 197–208. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.00016.x.
- ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedBlanchet, K. 2003
- ↑ 2005. Electric fencing for serious grazers. USDA-NRCS.
- ↑ Watering systems for grazing livestock. Great Lakes Basin Grazing Network and Michigan State University Extension.
- ↑ Briske (July 2011). "Origin, Persistence, and Resolution of the Rotational Grazing Debate: Integrating Human Dimensions Into Rangeland Research". Rangeland Ecology & Management 64 (4): 325–334. DOI:10.2111/REM-D-10-00084.1.
- ↑ Briske (January 2008). "Rotational Grazing on Rangelands: Reconciliation of Perception and Experimental Evidence". Rangeland Ecology & Management 61 (1): 3–17. DOI:10.2111/06-159R.1.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Harris (January 20, 2023). MANAGED ROTATIONAL GRAZING POLICIES: An Overview of Farm Bill Programs to Support Regenerative Agriculture. Center for Agriculture and Food Systems, Vermont Law and Graduate School. Archived from the original on January 26, 2023. Retrieved on February 1, 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ A.R. Rissman, A. Fochesatto, E.B. Lowe, Y. Lu, R. Hirsch, and R. Jackson, Grassland and Managed Grazing Policy Review (manuscript in revision for publication 2023).
- ↑ Grazing Management, USDA, https://www.nrcs . usda.gov/getting-assistance/other-topics/ organic/nrcs-assistance-for-organic-farmers/ livestock-and-pasture-management (last visited Nov. 14, 2022).
- ↑ USDA, 528-CPS-1, Conservation Practice Standard: Prescribed Grazing Code 528 (2017).
- ↑ Grazing Land Mechanical Treatment, USDA, https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/guidesand-instructions/grazing-land-mechanicaltreatment-ac-548-conservation-practice (last visited Nov. 16, 2022).
- ↑ CSP Enhancements And Bundles, USDA, https:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/csp-enhancements-andbundles-0#Abundles (last visited Nov. 16, 2022).