Ọfịs nke Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ

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Ọfịs nke Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ
organization established by the United Nations, human rights organization
Oge/afọ mmalite20 Disemba 1993 Dezie
akara alaOffice of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Dezie
office held by head of the organizationUnited Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Dezie
nhazi ọnọdụ46°12′54″N 6°9′3″E Dezie
mmekorita ya naAsian–African Legal Consultative Organization Dezie
ọdịdị isi ụlọ ọrụGeneva Dezie
Ihe nriteGrand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru‎ Dezie
webụsaịtịhttps://www.ohchr.org/ Dezie
official observer status in organisationInternational Organization for Migration Dezie
Map
Ọnụnọ OHCHR na ncheta afọ 70 nke Nkwupụta Ụwa Nile Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ, na Kenya

Officelọ ọrụ nke United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, nke a na-akpọkarị Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights ( OHCHR ) ma ọ bụ United Nations Human Rights Office, bụ ngalaba nke Secretariat nke United Nations na-arụ ọrụ na chebe  ikike mmadụ nke akwadoro n'okpuru iwu mba ụwa yana nke mba na-ahụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ikike nke 1948.  Ikike mmadụ

Ndị ọrụ ahụ bụ onye isi Kọmishọna High Commissioner for Human Rights, bụ onye na-hazi ọrụ ndị ruuru mmadụ na United Nations System ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ike nke Human Rights Council na Geneva, Switzerland.  Onye isi nke nsogbu na ugbu a bụ Volker Türk nke Austria, onye nọchiri Michelle Bachelet nke Chile na 8 September 2022.

[1]Na 2018-2019, ngalaba ahụ nwere fufu ego nke $ 201.6 nde (pasent 3.7 nke agụ ego United Nations mgbe niile), [1] na ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ 1,300 dabere na Geneva na New York City.  [2] Ọ bụ onye bụbu officio na kọmitii nke otu ihe nke United Nations.

Ọrụ na nhazi[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Iwu nke OHCHR na-enweta site na edemede 1, 13 na 55 nke Charter nke United Nations, ike Vienna na ike nke Action na egwu Mgbakọ General 48/141 nke 20 Disemba 1993, nke Mgbakọ akụkọ ọkwa nke United Nations High.  Kọmishana na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ.  [1] N'ihe mmemme mmemme maka iwu nke United Nations (A/51/950, para. 79), OHCHR na Centre for Human Rights na ọgbọ ya na otu OHCHR na 15 September 1997.

  1. Kwalite ọ joyụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ikike mmadụ niile site n'ime ka ọ pụta ìhè n'uche na mkpebi nke obodo ụwa dịka United Nations siri kwupụta.
  2. Kwuo oke ọrụ n'ihe gbasara ikike mmadụ ma mesie mkpa ikike mmadụ dị na ọkwa mba ụwa na nke mba.
  3. Kwalite nkwado mba ụwa maka ikike mmadụ.
  4. Kwalite ma hazie ọrụ maka ikike mmadụ na usoro United Nations niile.
  5. Kwalite nkwado zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmejuputa ụkpụrụ mba ụwa.
  6. Nyere aka na mmepe nke ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ.
  7. Kwado akụkụ ndị ruuru mmadụ na otu nleba anya nkwekọrịta.
  8. Zaghachi maka oke mmebi nke ikike mmadụ.
  9. Mee ihe mgbochi ikike ikike mmadụ.
  10. Kwalite nguzobe akụrụngwa ikike mmadụ nke mba.
  11. Mee ọrụ na ọrụ ubi ikike mmadụ.
  12. Nye mmuta, ozi ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụ na enyemaka nka na ngalaba nke ikike mmadụ.

E kewara OHCHR gaa na ngalaba nhazi, dịka akọwara n'okpuru.  Onye isi oche OHCHR nwere ọkwa nke Under-Secretary-General .

. Kọmishọna ukwu nke United Nations maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, na-aza asị maka ịdị ukwu ukwu, na-ahụ maka ọrụ niile nke OHCHR, yana maka ụmụaka ya, ma na-arụ ọrụ ndị UN General Assembly kenyere ya kpọmkwem na-ekiri ya 48/  141 nke 20 Disemba 1993 na isi ndị sochirinụ nke ndị otu na-eme ihe.  Ọ na-adụ ọdụ onye ukwu na atumatu nke United Nations na mpaghara ikike mmadụ, na-ahụ na nkwado dị mkpa na nhazi na-enye ọrụ, ọrụ, ọrụ na nke mmemme ikike mmadụ, na-anya anya ukwu na mpempe akwụkwọ.  .  nke ndị mmadụ ruuru mmadụ na n'ihe omume ndị ọzọ ruuru mmadụ, ma na-arụ ọrụ iche dị ka onye dị ukwu ukwu.  Nakwa ikike mmadụ na-etinye ogbugbu a na ike iwu akwụkwọ, Kọmishana Elu na- akara ikike mmadụ ka a na-amata ya na iwu mba ụwa (dị ka dikwere ikike akụ na nyere mmadụ na ibe ya na omenala dị ka ihe.  dị mkpa dị mkpa, nke na-azụ ihe niile. amara ugbu a n akwụkwọ iwu mba ụwa).

Kọmishọna ukwu nke United Nations maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, n'ịrụ ọrụ ya, bụ onye osote onye isi kọmishọna na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ n'oge enweghị onye isi ala. Na mgbakwunye, osote onye isi kọmishọna na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nhazi dị ka onye isi kọmishọna siri kpebie. Onye osote onye ga-aza ajụjụ maka High Commissioner.

Onye enyemaka odeakwụkwọ ukwu maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ (ka ọ ghara inwe mgbagwoju anya ya na osote onye isi kọmishọna, onye bụkwa onye enyemaka odeakwụkwọ ukwu) nke dabere na New York City na-elekọta Ọfịs New York nke High Commissioner. Ụlọ ọrụ New York na-anọchite anya Kọmishọna Kasị Elu na United Nations Headquarters na New York ma na-akwalite njikọ nke ikike mmadụ na usoro amụma na ọrụ ndị gọọmenti etiti na ndị ọrụ na-eme na United Nations.

. [2]Emepụtara nke onye ukwu maka ikike mmadụ na 2010, mgbe a chọpụtara Ivan Šimonović n' ike ahụ.  [1] Site na 2016 ruo 2019, Andrew Gilmour nwere ikike ahụ.  [2] Onye isi ike ukwu maka ikike mmadụ ugbu a, mọ 2020, bụ Ilze Brands Kehris

  1. Nyere onye isi kọmishọna dị elu aka na ntụzịaka na nleba anya n'ihe omume nke mmemme ikike mmadụ
  2. Nyere Kọmishọna Kasị Elu aka na nhazi, nzikọrịta ozi, mmejuputa na nyocha nke atumatu, omume na mmemme maka nkwalite na nchekwa nke ikike mmadụ.
  3. Nyere Kọmishọna Kasị Elu aka ịnọgide na-enwe mmekọrịta ya na gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ United Nations ndị ọzọ, otu mba ụwa, ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara na mba, ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị, ngalaba nkeonwe na agụmakwụkwọ.
  4. Nyere onye isi oche aka n'ịkwado njikọ n'ihe gbasara amụma na Ụlọọrụ Executive nke Secretary General na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa na Headquarters, yana ndị na-ekwuchitere Secretary General na New York City na Geneva na mgbasa ozi.
  5. Na-arụ ọrụ ịkpata ego na ọrụ pụrụ iche dị ka Kọmishọna Elu kenyere ya
  6. Nyere Kọmishọna Kasị Elu aka n'ịzụlite na ịnọgide na-enwe usoro maka njikwa na nhazi nke mmemme nke usoro ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na ikwado mmepe nke mmemme ọrụ n'ozuzu ya, na ịkwadebe akụkọ nlekọta kwa afọ banyere ọrụ na mmezu ya.
  7. Na-anọchite anya Kọmishọna Kasị Elu na nzukọ ma kwuo nkwupụta n'aha ya

Ngalaba nchịkwa bụ onye isi, Kyle F. Ward, bụ onye na-aza ajụjụ maka osote High Commissioner. Ọrụ ndị bụ isi nke ngalaba nchịkwa, na mgbakwunye na ndị ahụ edepụtara na ngalaba 7 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Secretary General General ST/SGB/1997/5, bụ:

  1. Nye onye isi kọmishọna ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụ gbasara mmefu ego, ego na ndị ọrụ gbasara mmemme ikike mmadụ
  2. Nyere onye isi kọmishọna dị elu na ndị ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị aka na mwepụ nke ego ha, ndị ọrụ na ọrụ nchịkwa n'ozuzu na ijikwa ọkachamara ọkachamara na mmemme ọzụzụ.
  1. Na-anọchite anya Kọmishọna High Commissioner na Headquarters, na nzukọ nke ndị na-eme iwu, na ndị ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide nke mba ndị otu, na nnọkọ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ, na òtù ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị na ndị ọkachamara, na nnọkọ agụmakwụkwọ na mgbasa ozi.
  2. Nye onye isi kọmishọna dị elu ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụ na ndụmọdụ gbasara isi okwu
  3. Nye ozi na ndụmọdụ gbasara ikike mmadụ n'aka Ụlọọrụ Executive nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu
  4. Nye nkwado siri ike gbasara ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Nzukọ Ezumezu, Economic and Social Council na òtù ndị ọzọ na-eme amụma guzobere na New York City.
  5. Nye ihe na ozi maka ndị ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide, ngalaba United Nations, ụlọ ọrụ na mmemme, ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị, mgbasa ozi na ndị ọzọ gbasara mmemme ikike mmadụ.
  6. Nye onye isi kọmishọna dị elu na ndị isi ndị ọzọ nkwado, yana ndị nnochite anya pụrụiche na ndị nnọchi anya pụrụ iche mgbe ha na-eje ozi na New York City.
  7. Mee ọrụ ndị ọzọ akọwapụtara dịka Kọmishọna Elu kpebiri
  1. Kwalite ma chebe ikike mmepe, ọkachasị site na:
    1. Na-akwado otu ndị ọkachamara n'etiti gọọmentị na nkwado nke atụmatụ maka ikike mmepe
    2. Na-enyere aka na nyocha nke akụkọ afọ ofufo nke States na-ezigara High Commissioner maka ọganihu na usoro e mere maka mmezu nke ikike mmepe na ihe mgbochi ndị zutere.
    3. Na-arụ ọrụ nyocha maka ikike mmepe na ịkwado nsonaazụ dị mkpa maka nrubeisi na Nzukọ Ezumezu, Commission on Human Rights na thement.
    4. Na-enyere aka na nkwado siri ike nke ọrụ ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụ na ihe mmụta maka ikike mmepe
    5. Inye nnukwu nyocha na nkwado nye Kọmishọna Kasị Elu n'ọrụ ya iji kwalite nkwado sistemụ maka ikike mmepe.
  2. Na-arụ ọrụ nyocha dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ikike mmadụ nwere mmasị n'ebe ndị otu United Nations na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ dị ka ihe ndị kacha mkpa nke nkwupụta Vienna na Mmemme nke Action guzobere na mkpebi nke òtù na-eme amụma.
  3. Kwado ọrụ nke ndị na-ejide ikike nke Usoro Pụrụ Iche nke Kansụl ikike mmadụ
  4. Nye akụkụ ndị ruuru mmadụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ nhazi ụkpụrụ dị mkpa ọrụ
  5. Kwadebe akwụkwọ, akụkọ ma ọ bụ akuko akụkọ, nchịkọta na nhazi na ntinye akwụkwọ maka nzaghachi nke arịrịọ ụfọdụ, yana ntinye aka na ngwa ozi na mbipụta.
  6. Nye nyocha amụma, ndụmọdụ na ntụzịaka maka usoro dị mkpa
  7. Jikwaa ọrụ ozi nke mmemme ikike mmadụ, gụnyere ebe a na-ede akwụkwọ na ọbá akwụkwọ, ọrụ ajụjụ na ọdụ data ikike mmadụ.
  8. Kwadebe ọmụmụ ihe gbasara akụkọ dị mkpa nke Charter of the United Nations for Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs.

Otu onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na ngalaba Treaty Mechanisms bụ onye isi ya bụ onye ga-aza ajụjụ maka Kọmishọna Elu. Isi ọrụ nke ngalaba ahụ bụ:

  1. Atụmatụ, ịkwadebe na nnọkọ / nnọkọ ọrụ nke Human Rights Council, Kọmitii Ndụmọdụ na ndị otu ọrụ metụtara ya na nke kọmitii ndị òtù nkwekọrịta ikike mmadụ na ndị otu ha na-arụ ọrụ guzobere.
  2. Gbaa mbọ hụ na a na-enye nkwado dị mkpa n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị nye òtù nkwekọrịta ikike mmadụ nke metụtara, na-esite na akụrụngwa kwesịrị ekwesị nke mmemme ikike mmadụ.
  3. Kwadebe akụkọ ndị otu steeti maka nyocha site n'aka otu nkwekọrịta ọ metụtara ma sochie mkpebi na ndụmọdụ
  4. Kwadebe ma ọ bụ hazie nkwado na ntinye akwụkwọ niile dị mkpa na nkwado sitere na ngalaba njikwa ndị ọzọ na ọrụ ndị otu nkwekọrịta na-eje ozi, na ịgbaso mkpebi ndị e mere na nzukọ ndị ahụ.
  5. Hazie, kwado na ije ozi nke ọgbakọ ndị isi nke United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, ma mejuputa mkpebi ndị dị mkpa.
  6. Usoro nzikọrịta ozi nyefere ndị otu nkwekọrịta n'okpuru usoro nhọrọ na nzikọrịta ozi n'okpuru usoro nke Economic and Social Council guzobere na mkpebi ya 1503 (XLVIII) nke 27 Mee 1970 yana hụ na nsonye.

Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ na Nkà na ụzụ Nkà na ụzụ na-eduzi site n'aka onye nduzi na-aza ajụjụ maka High Commissioner. Isi ọrụ nke ngalaba ahụ bụ:

  1. Zụlite, mejuputa, nyochaa na nyochaa ọrụ ndụmọdụ na ọrụ enyemaka aka na arịrịọ gọọmentị
  2. Jikwaa ego afọ ofufo maka nkwado nka nka n'ihe gbasara ikike mmadụ
  3. Mejuputa atụmatụ nke omume nke United Nations afọ iri maka agụmakwụkwọ mmadụ, gụnyere mmepe nke ozi na ihe mmụta;
  4. Nye nkwado dị mkpa na nhazi maka nchọpụta eziokwu na usoro nyocha nke ikike mmadụ, dị ka ndị nta akụkọ pụrụ iche, ndị nnọchiteanya na ndị ọkachamara na ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke Commission on Human Rights na / ma ọ bụ Economic and Social Council nyere iwu ka ha na-ahụ maka ọnọdụ obodo ma ọ bụ ihe ịtụnanya nke obodo. Mmebi ikike mmadụ n'ụwa niile, yana Kọmitii Pụrụ Iche nke Mgbakọ General iji nyochaa Omume Israel na-emetụta ikike mmadụ nke ndị Palestine na ndị Arab ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara ndị bi na ya.
  5. Mee atụmatụ, kwado ma nyochaa ọnụnọ na ọrụ ndị ruuru mmadụ, gụnyere nhazi na mmepe nke omume kacha mma, usoro usoro na ụdị maka ọrụ ikike mmadụ niile n'ọhịa.
  6. Jikwaa ego afọ ofufo maka ọnụnọ mpaghara ikike mmadụ
  7. Jikwaa Ego afọ ofufo nke United Nations na ụdị ịgba ohu nke oge a, ego afọ ofufo nke United Nations maka ụmụ amaala obodo yana ego afọ ofufo nke United Nations maka afọ iri mba ụwa nke ụmụ amaala ụwa.
Kọmishọna ukwu nke United Nations maka ikike mmadụ
Onyonyo Aha Obodo Oge Ihe ndetu
</img> José Ayala-Lasso </img> Ecuador 1994–1997
</img> Mary Robinson </img> Ireland 1997–2002 Onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN bụ Kofi Annan emegharịrị oge ahụ
</img> Sergio Vieira de Mello </img> Brazil 2002-2003 Egburu na ogbunigwe nke Canal Hotel na Baghdad na 19 Ọgọst 2003 [3]
Bertrand Ramcharan </img> Guyana 2003-2004 Onye isi kọmishọna dị elu
</img> Louise Arbor </img> Canada 2004-2008 Achọghị okwu nke abụọ [4]
</img> Navi Pillay </img>South Africa 1 Septemba 2008 - Ọgọst 31, 2014 Ọgbakọ General gbatịpụrụ ikike ya maka nkeji ọkara ọzọ (afọ abụọ) na 1 Septemba 2012 [5]
</img> Onye isi ala Zeid bin Ra'ad bin Zeid al-Hussein </img>Jordan 1 Septemba 2014 - Ọgọst 31, 2018
</img> Michelle Bachelet </img>Chile 1 Septemba 2018 – Ọgọstụ 31, 2022 Ndị Nzukọ Ezumezu họpụtara na 10 Ọgọst 2018 [6]
</img> Volker Turk </img>Austria Septemba 8, 2022 – Ọgọst 31, 2026 [7]

Onye nta akụkọ Emma Reilly weputara ozi-e na 2020 na 2021 nke OHCHR nyere China aha ndị sonyere China na mmemme ndị ruuru mmadụ UN nye China na arịrịọ. Nke a mere n'ọtụtụ oge site na tupu 2012 ruo opekata mpe 2019, n'agbanyeghị mmachibido iwu doro anya megide ụdị ọrụ a. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, mgbe ha nwetasịrị aha ha n'ihu site na UN, ndị Kọmunist nke China mere ka ọ hụ na onye na-akwado ọrụ enweghị ike isi na China gaa Geneva ịga. [8] [9] [10]

Hụkwa[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

  1. ↑ UNDG Members. Undg.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved on 10 December 2012.
  2. ↑ OHCHR | Ilze Brands Kehris. ohchr.org. Retrieved on 2021-03-05.
  3. ↑ Power (2008). Chasing the Flame: One Man's Fight to Save the World. US: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-311485-7. 
  4. ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (7 March 2008).
  5. ↑ United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, to Serve Two More Years, by General Assembly Decision. Un.org (24 May 2012). Retrieved on 10 December 2012.
  6. ↑ 'Pioneering' former Chilean President Michelle Bachelet officially appointed new UN human rights chief (10 August 2018). Retrieved on 5 September 2018.
  7. ↑ "Secretary-General António Guterres on Thursday appointed Volker Türk of Austria as the next United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, following approval by the General Assembly", 8 September 2022. Retrieved on 11 September 2022.
  8. ↑ Leaked emails confirm UN passed info to China in name-sharing scandal. www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved on 2021-03-01.
  9. ↑ Evansky (2019-12-14). UN Human Rights Office accused of helping China keep an eye on dissidents (en-US). Fox News. Retrieved on 2021-03-01.
  10. ↑ UN passed dissidents' info to China, says a UN employee (en). UN passed dissidents' info to China, says a UN employee. Retrieved on 2021-03-01.
  • Ramcharan (2004). "The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights – The Challenges of International Protection". International Studies in Human Rights 71. 
  • Hobbins (2001). "Humphrey and the High Commissioner: the Genesis of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights". Journal of the History of International Law (III): 38–74. DOI:10.1163/15718050120956893. 
  • de Zayas (2002). "Human Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for", in Helmut Volger: Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations. Kluwer, 217–223. 
  • de Zayas (2000). "United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights", in Rudolf Bernhardt: Encyclopaedia of Public International Law. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1129–1132. 
  • (2013) in Gaer: The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: Conscience for the World (in en). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-25425-1. 

Njikọ mpụga[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

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